Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458174
S. Nguyen, Connie Duong, R. Amirtharajah
This paper presents a novel wireless power transfer design to seamlessly power a smart health tracking ring using a smartphone. The reverse wireless charging feature of smartphones allows them to transmit sufficient energy to charge the smart ring when users hold the smartphones in their hands without impacting the user. The tested system includes a transmitter generating 170.07 kHz signals from a 5 V DC supply and a receiver circuit that captures the magnetic signal and converts it into a DC output to charge a 3.7 V battery and power a heart rate sensing monitor. The experimental results demonstrate that the smart ring can receive a maximum power of 102.4 mW from a 5 V DC smartphone power supply. The maximum measured efficiency of the wireless power transfer system from the transmitting power amplifier input to the DC output of a full-bridge rectifier is 13.39%. If the smartphone is held at least 1.52 hours a day, the ring will receive sufficient power to continuously track the user's heart rate in a 24-hour period.
{"title":"A Smart Health Tracking Ring Powered by Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"S. Nguyen, Connie Duong, R. Amirtharajah","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458174","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel wireless power transfer design to seamlessly power a smart health tracking ring using a smartphone. The reverse wireless charging feature of smartphones allows them to transmit sufficient energy to charge the smart ring when users hold the smartphones in their hands without impacting the user. The tested system includes a transmitter generating 170.07 kHz signals from a 5 V DC supply and a receiver circuit that captures the magnetic signal and converts it into a DC output to charge a 3.7 V battery and power a heart rate sensing monitor. The experimental results demonstrate that the smart ring can receive a maximum power of 102.4 mW from a 5 V DC smartphone power supply. The maximum measured efficiency of the wireless power transfer system from the transmitting power amplifier input to the DC output of a full-bridge rectifier is 13.39%. If the smartphone is held at least 1.52 hours a day, the ring will receive sufficient power to continuously track the user's heart rate in a 24-hour period.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133413962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458113
D. Matos, R. Torres, R. Correia, N. Carvalho
This paper presents a Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) backscatter modulator based on BiCMOS technology chip for Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) applications. Both chip design and measurement setup considered are described. The circuit presents a modulator capable of performing PAM modulation in a wide range of frequencies. Then, to evaluate the communication performance, a low-cost Software Defined Radio (SDR) was used to demodulate the received modulated signals. In a wide range of power levels (-60 to -10 dBm) and different data rates in the chosen frequencies, the circuit performance (FM-band, ISM band, DVB-T band, and GSM band) was demonstrated.
{"title":"Ultra-Wideband 4-PAM Backscatter Modulator based on BiCMOS technology for IoT/WPT Applications","authors":"D. Matos, R. Torres, R. Correia, N. Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) backscatter modulator based on BiCMOS technology chip for Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) applications. Both chip design and measurement setup considered are described. The circuit presents a modulator capable of performing PAM modulation in a wide range of frequencies. Then, to evaluate the communication performance, a low-cost Software Defined Radio (SDR) was used to demodulate the received modulated signals. In a wide range of power levels (-60 to -10 dBm) and different data rates in the chosen frequencies, the circuit performance (FM-band, ISM band, DVB-T band, and GSM band) was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122972494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458167
Chin-Wei Chang, P. Riehl, Jenshan Lin
In this paper, we report a method of using embroidery to fabricate textile inductor coils for wireless charging of wearable sensor devices on smart garments. Electrical properties of embroidered coils are measured and compared with simulation. A process of making embroidered coils with crossover connections is proposed. An embroidered coil array structure is designed and tested in two wireless charging systems and the results show that it can charge a lithium-ion battery with currents ranging up to 100 mA.
{"title":"Embroidered Textile Coils for Wireless Charging of Smart Garments","authors":"Chin-Wei Chang, P. Riehl, Jenshan Lin","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458167","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report a method of using embroidery to fabricate textile inductor coils for wireless charging of wearable sensor devices on smart garments. Electrical properties of embroidered coils are measured and compared with simulation. A process of making embroidered coils with crossover connections is proposed. An embroidered coil array structure is designed and tested in two wireless charging systems and the results show that it can charge a lithium-ion battery with currents ranging up to 100 mA.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458154
Sungryul Huh, Jaehyoung Park, S. Lee, K. Kim, Seongho Woo, Changmin Lee, Jaewon Rhee, Seokhyeon Son, Seungyoung Ahn
In wireless power transfer system, a leakage electromagnetic field (EMF) that can affect a human body or peripheral devices is one of the most important problems along with system efficiency. Since ferrite and aluminum which are basically used to reduce the EMF have a high weight and cost, various studies to cancel the EMF using reverse magnetic field by additional coil are being conducted. In this paper, a reactive shield coil that can be applied to a wireless charger with multiple transmitter coils is proposed. The EMF is reduced by applying the proposed coil up to 85%.
{"title":"Design of Reactive Shield Coil for Wireless Charger with Multiple Coils","authors":"Sungryul Huh, Jaehyoung Park, S. Lee, K. Kim, Seongho Woo, Changmin Lee, Jaewon Rhee, Seokhyeon Son, Seungyoung Ahn","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458154","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless power transfer system, a leakage electromagnetic field (EMF) that can affect a human body or peripheral devices is one of the most important problems along with system efficiency. Since ferrite and aluminum which are basically used to reduce the EMF have a high weight and cost, various studies to cancel the EMF using reverse magnetic field by additional coil are being conducted. In this paper, a reactive shield coil that can be applied to a wireless charger with multiple transmitter coils is proposed. The EMF is reduced by applying the proposed coil up to 85%.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458026
Í. V. Soares, Mingxiang Gao, A. Skrivervik, Z. Šipuš, M. Zhadobov, R. Sauleau, D. Nikolayev
The efficiency of an on-body wireless power transfer system for implant powering is defined by how the electromagnetic energy interacts with the lossy, heterogeneous, and dispersive body tissues. The objective of this study is to discuss the methodology and evaluate the theoretical bounds for the frequency-dependent electromagnetic energy transfer efficiency. We propose a simplified model that uses a finite tissue-equivalent phantom enclosing an implantable receiver surrounded by a medium that represents a transmitter matched to the wave impedance of the body. This model is used to study different cases and evaluate the wireless power transfer efficiency as a function of the operating frequency and implantation depth. The obtained results can be used as a guideline to choose the design parameters and constraints of the on-body power source and gauge its performance against the predicted maximum achievable efficiency.
{"title":"Physical Bounds on Implant Powering Efficiency Using Body-Conformal WPT Systems","authors":"Í. V. Soares, Mingxiang Gao, A. Skrivervik, Z. Šipuš, M. Zhadobov, R. Sauleau, D. Nikolayev","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458026","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of an on-body wireless power transfer system for implant powering is defined by how the electromagnetic energy interacts with the lossy, heterogeneous, and dispersive body tissues. The objective of this study is to discuss the methodology and evaluate the theoretical bounds for the frequency-dependent electromagnetic energy transfer efficiency. We propose a simplified model that uses a finite tissue-equivalent phantom enclosing an implantable receiver surrounded by a medium that represents a transmitter matched to the wave impedance of the body. This model is used to study different cases and evaluate the wireless power transfer efficiency as a function of the operating frequency and implantation depth. The obtained results can be used as a guideline to choose the design parameters and constraints of the on-body power source and gauge its performance against the predicted maximum achievable efficiency.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132034406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458073
Min Liu, Xin Wang, Songpeng Zhang, Mingyu Lu
In this paper, several retro-reflective beamforming schemes for wireless power transmission to multiple targets (with “targets” standing for “wireless power receivers” in this paper) are analyzed with the aid of numerical simulations. Various practical complications are identified if the pilot signals of multiple targets are not differentiated from each other properly. A retro-reflective beamforming scheme based on frequency division, in which multiple targets transmit continuous-wave pilot signals at respective frequencies, is demonstrated capable of generating multiple wireless power beams aiming at the targets respectively with power transmission performance in excellent agreement with the theoretical values.
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of Retro-reflective Beamforming Schemes for Wireless Power Transmission to Multiple Mobile Targets","authors":"Min Liu, Xin Wang, Songpeng Zhang, Mingyu Lu","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458073","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, several retro-reflective beamforming schemes for wireless power transmission to multiple targets (with “targets” standing for “wireless power receivers” in this paper) are analyzed with the aid of numerical simulations. Various practical complications are identified if the pilot signals of multiple targets are not differentiated from each other properly. A retro-reflective beamforming scheme based on frequency division, in which multiple targets transmit continuous-wave pilot signals at respective frequencies, is demonstrated capable of generating multiple wireless power beams aiming at the targets respectively with power transmission performance in excellent agreement with the theoretical values.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128747192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458148
Juan M. Romero-Arguello, A. Pham, Christopher S. Gardner, B. Funsten
In this paper, we present the design and development of ultra-small coils for through metal power transfer applications. Our coil has a total size of 15xl5x2 mm. We determined the optimal wire gauge for the coil to be 24AWG and optimal frequency of 2 kHz. Our experimental results demonstrate that we can harvest 100 mW power through 1 mm thick aluminum using our proposed coils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ultra-small coils for through metal power transfer.
{"title":"Miniature Coil Design for Through Metal Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Juan M. Romero-Arguello, A. Pham, Christopher S. Gardner, B. Funsten","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458148","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the design and development of ultra-small coils for through metal power transfer applications. Our coil has a total size of 15xl5x2 mm. We determined the optimal wire gauge for the coil to be 24AWG and optimal frequency of 2 kHz. Our experimental results demonstrate that we can harvest 100 mW power through 1 mm thick aluminum using our proposed coils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ultra-small coils for through metal power transfer.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133349964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458079
Yuki Tanaka, K. Kanai, Ryosuke Hasaba, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, Takuma Ikeda, Hiroyuki Tani, Manabu Gokan, S. Kajiwara, N. Shinohara
In recent, microwave power transfer (MPT) for IoT devices has been studied. The distributed MPT can supply power efficiently by cooperate multiple transmit antenna arranged distributed in a relatively wide area. In this paper, we propose a method for distributed beam control by closed-loop with a backscatter signal from the receiver. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be demonstrated by lay-trace simulation and experiment.
{"title":"Distributed Microwave Wireless Power Transfer with Backscatter Feedback","authors":"Yuki Tanaka, K. Kanai, Ryosuke Hasaba, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, Takuma Ikeda, Hiroyuki Tani, Manabu Gokan, S. Kajiwara, N. Shinohara","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458079","url":null,"abstract":"In recent, microwave power transfer (MPT) for IoT devices has been studied. The distributed MPT can supply power efficiently by cooperate multiple transmit antenna arranged distributed in a relatively wide area. In this paper, we propose a method for distributed beam control by closed-loop with a backscatter signal from the receiver. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be demonstrated by lay-trace simulation and experiment.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134159936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458127
Christos Konstantopoulos, T. Ussmueller
Digital Low Drop-Out regulators, in contrast to analog counterparts, provide an architecture of sub-1 V regulation with low power consumption, high power efficiency, and system integration. Towards an optimized integration in the ultra-low-power System-On-Chip Internet of Things architecture that is operated through Radio Frequency energy harvesting scheme, the D-LDO regulator should constitute the main regulator that powers the master-clock and rest loads of the SoC. In this context, this work presents a self-clocked D-LDO design dedicated for wireless power transfer and harvesting applications such as RFID with nano-power consumption and 0.5 V operational voltage, fabricated at a 55-nm Global Foundries CMOS process. With the purpose to validate the self-start-up capability of the presented D-LDO in the presence of ultra-low input power, a test-bench with a RF rectifier is implemented that provides the RF to DC operation and feeds the D-LDO. Power efficiency and load regulation curves of the D-LDO are presented as extracted from the RF to DC operation. It presents 386 nA minimum quiescent current, 83.6 % power efficiency during the RF to DC operation with $3.65mu$ A load current and regulator referred input power of -27 dB m.
{"title":"A Nano-Power Self-Clocked D-LDO for RF Energy Harvesting","authors":"Christos Konstantopoulos, T. Ussmueller","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458127","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Low Drop-Out regulators, in contrast to analog counterparts, provide an architecture of sub-1 V regulation with low power consumption, high power efficiency, and system integration. Towards an optimized integration in the ultra-low-power System-On-Chip Internet of Things architecture that is operated through Radio Frequency energy harvesting scheme, the D-LDO regulator should constitute the main regulator that powers the master-clock and rest loads of the SoC. In this context, this work presents a self-clocked D-LDO design dedicated for wireless power transfer and harvesting applications such as RFID with nano-power consumption and 0.5 V operational voltage, fabricated at a 55-nm Global Foundries CMOS process. With the purpose to validate the self-start-up capability of the presented D-LDO in the presence of ultra-low input power, a test-bench with a RF rectifier is implemented that provides the RF to DC operation and feeds the D-LDO. Power efficiency and load regulation curves of the D-LDO are presented as extracted from the RF to DC operation. It presents 386 nA minimum quiescent current, 83.6 % power efficiency during the RF to DC operation with $3.65mu$ A load current and regulator referred input power of -27 dB m.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116202881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458163
T. Campi, S. Cruciani, F. Maradei, M. Feliziani
This study focuses on the development of a new power supply architecture for an implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) and a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). In the proposed solution a transcutaneous wireless power transfer technology (WPT) based on magnetic resonance coupling is adopted assuming an on-body transmitting coil and a subcutaneous receiving coil. With this solution, the percutaneous driveline of the LVAD is eliminated, reducing the risk of infection. The WPT receiver is integrated with the ICD. The proposed power supply using a rechargeable ICD battery allows the LVAD to be continuously powered and the ICD battery to be recharged periodically.
{"title":"Wireless Power Supply System for Left Ventricular Assist Device and Implanted Cardiac Defibrillator","authors":"T. Campi, S. Cruciani, F. Maradei, M. Feliziani","doi":"10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC51349.2021.9458163","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the development of a new power supply architecture for an implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) and a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). In the proposed solution a transcutaneous wireless power transfer technology (WPT) based on magnetic resonance coupling is adopted assuming an on-body transmitting coil and a subcutaneous receiving coil. With this solution, the percutaneous driveline of the LVAD is eliminated, reducing the risk of infection. The WPT receiver is integrated with the ICD. The proposed power supply using a rechargeable ICD battery allows the LVAD to be continuously powered and the ICD battery to be recharged periodically.","PeriodicalId":130306,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124479037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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