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IEEE Signal Processing Society Information IEEE信号处理学会信息
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3306635
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editorial Advanced Signal Processing for Terahertz Communications in 6G and Beyond Networks 6G及以后网络中太赫兹通信的高级信号处理客座编辑
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3305128
Nan Yang;Chong Han;Josep Miquel Jornet;Peiying Zhu;Markku Juntti
Terahertz (THz) communications has been envisioned as an enabling and highly promising technology for the sixth generation (6G) and beyond wireless networks which aim to provide full and unlimited wireless connectivity for the ubiquitous intelligent information society of 2030 and beyond. In particular, the ultra-wide THz band from 0.1 to 10 THz offers enormous potential to alleviate the spectrum scarcity and break the capacity limitation of emerging wireless systems, such as the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. This will undoubtedly support epoch-making wireless applications that demand ultra-high quality of service requirements and multi-terabits/s data transmission in the 6G and beyond era, such as holographic communications, immersive extended reality, ultra-fast backhaul and wireless local area networks, and wireless high-bandwidth secure transmission. Moreover, THz transceivers and antennas boast an incredibly compact size, reaching sub-millimetric dimensions. This miniaturization enables the seamless integration of extremely small radios into various environments, giving rise to ground-breaking applications, e.g., the Internet of Nano-Things and wireless networks-on-chip. Furthermore, the utilization of the THz band extends beyond traditional radar and localization, opening doors to novel wireless sensing capabilities and underpinning cutting-edge applications such as healthcare nano-bio-sensing. Due to the aforementioned advantages, an unprecedented amount of spectrum within the 0.275–0.45 THz band was opened for land mobile and fixed service in 6G after World Radio Conference 2019. Additionally, the IEEE 802.15.3 d standard has been established as the first wireless standard in the sub-THz band (specifically, 253–322 GHz) to support data rates of 100 gigabit/s and above.
太赫兹(THz)通信已被设想为第六代(6G)及以后无线网络的一种赋能且极具前景的技术,其目标是为2030年及以后无处不在的智能信息社会提供完全和无限的无线连接。特别是,0.1至10THz的超宽THz频段为缓解频谱稀缺和打破新兴无线系统(如第五代(5G)无线网络)的容量限制提供了巨大的潜力。这无疑将支持划时代的无线应用,这些应用在6G及以后的时代需要超高的服务质量要求和数万亿比特/秒的数据传输,如全息通信、沉浸式扩展现实、超快回程和无线局域网,以及无线高带宽安全传输。此外,太赫兹收发器和天线拥有令人难以置信的紧凑尺寸,达到亚毫米尺寸。这种小型化使极小的无线电能够无缝集成到各种环境中,从而产生了开创性的应用,例如纳米物联网和芯片上无线网络。此外,太赫兹波段的利用超越了传统的雷达和定位,为新型无线传感能力打开了大门,并为医疗保健纳米生物传感等尖端应用奠定了基础。由于上述优势,在2019年世界无线电大会之后,0.275–0.45 THz频带内前所未有的频谱数量被开放用于6G的陆地移动和固定服务。此外,IEEE 802.15.3 d标准已被确立为亚太赫兹频带(具体而言,253–322 GHz)中的第一个无线标准,以支持100吉比特/秒及以上的数据速率。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Signal Processing Society Information IEEE信号处理学会信息
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3306631
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引用次数: 0
Absolute Security in Terahertz Wireless Links 太赫兹无线链路的绝对安全性
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3307906
Alejandro Cohen;Rafael G. L. D'Oliveira;Chia-Yi Yeh;Hichem Guerboukha;Rabi Shrestha;Zhaoji Fang;Edward W. Knightly;Muriel Médard;Daniel M. Mittleman
Security against eavesdropping is one of the key concerns in the design of any communication system. Many common considerations of the security of a wireless communication channel rely on comparing the signal level measured by Bob (the intended receiver) to that accessible to Eve (a single eavesdropper). Frameworks such as Wyner's wiretap model ensure the security of a link, in an average sense, when Bob's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds Eve's. Unfortunately, because these guarantees rely on the noise realizations at Eve, statistically, Eve can still occasionally succeed in decoding information. The goal of achieving exactly zero probability of intercept over an engineered region of the broadcast sector, which we term absolute security, remains elusive. Here, we describe the first architecture for a wireless link with a single eavesdropper, that provides absolute security. I.e., a cryptographic deterministic and non-probabilistic security approach that does not rely on statistical assumptions about noise, shared secure key, or Eve's computational power. Our approach relies on the inherent properties of broadband and high-gain antennas, and is therefore ideally suited for implementation in millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless systems, where such antennas will generally be employed. We exploit spatial minima of the antenna pattern at different frequencies, the union of which defines a wide region where Eve is guaranteed to fail regardless of her computational capabilities, and regardless of the noise in the channels. Unlike conventional zero-forcing beam forming methods, we show that, for realistic assumptions about the antenna configuration and power budget, this absolute security guarantee can be achieved over most possible eavesdropper locations. Since we use relatively simple frequency-multiplexed coding, together with the underlying physics of a diffracting aperture, this idea is broadly applicable in many contexts.
防止窃听的安全性是任何通信系统设计中的关键问题之一。无线通信信道安全性的许多常见考虑因素依赖于将Bob(预期接收器)测量的信号电平与Eve(单个窃听者)可访问的信号电平进行比较。当Bob的信噪比(SNR)超过Eve时,Wyner的窃听模型等框架从平均意义上确保了链路的安全性。不幸的是,由于这些保证依赖于Eve的噪声实现,从统计数据来看,Eve偶尔仍能成功解码信息。在广播部门的一个工程区域实现完全零拦截概率的目标,我们称之为绝对安全,仍然难以实现。在这里,我们描述了第一个具有单个窃听器的无线链路架构,它提供了绝对的安全性。即,一种不依赖于噪声、共享安全密钥或Eve计算能力的统计假设的加密确定性和非概率安全方法。我们的方法依赖于宽带和高增益天线的固有特性,因此非常适合在毫米波和太赫兹无线系统中实现,在这些系统中通常会使用这种天线。我们利用不同频率下天线方向图的空间最小值,其并集定义了一个宽区域,无论Eve的计算能力如何,也无论信道中的噪声如何,都可以保证其失败。与传统的迫零波束形成方法不同,我们表明,对于天线配置和功率预算的现实假设,这种绝对的安全保证可以在大多数可能的窃听位置上实现。由于我们使用相对简单的频率复用编码,再加上衍射孔径的基本物理原理,这一想法在许多情况下都广泛适用。
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引用次数: 1
Low-Rank Matrix Sensing-Based Channel Estimation for mmWave and THz Hybrid MIMO Systems 毫米波和太赫兹混合MIMO系统中基于低秩矩阵感知的信道估计
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3288703
Khawaja Fahad Masood;Jun Tong;Jiangtao Xi;Jinhong Yuan;Qinghua Guo;Yanguang Yu
This article studies the channel estimation for wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems equipped with hybrid analog/digital transceivers operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) or terahertz (THz) bands. By exploiting the low-rank property of the concatenated channel matrix of the delay taps, we formulate the channel estimation problem as a low-rank matrix sensing (LRMS) problem and solve it using a low-complexity generalized conditional gradient-alternating minimization (GCG-ALTMIN) algorithm. This LRMS-based solution can accommodate different precoder/combiner and training structures. In addition, it does not require knowledge about the array responses at the transceivers, in contrast to most existing solutions allowing low training overhead. Furthermore, a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm-based implementation and a low-rank matrix completion (LRMC) formulation are proposed to further reduce the computational complexity. In order to enhance the channel estimation performance for fat and tall channel matrices, we introduce a matrix reshaping approach that can preserve the channel rank by exploiting the shift-invariance property of uniform arrays. We also introduce a spectrum denoising (SD) approach for further improving the performance when the array responses are known and the number of paths is small. These approaches can effectively enhance the performance at a given training overhead. Simulation results suggest that the proposed solutions can achieve higher channel estimation accuracy and reduce the computational complexity as compared to several representative channel estimation schemes.
本文研究了配备在毫米波(mmWave)或太赫兹(THz)波段工作的混合模拟/数字收发器的宽带多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的信道估计。通过利用延迟抽头的级联信道矩阵的低秩特性,我们将信道估计问题公式化为低秩矩阵感知(LRMS)问题,并使用低复杂度的广义条件梯度交替最小化(GCG-ALTMIN)算法进行求解。这种基于LRMS的解决方案可以适应不同的预编码器/组合器和训练结构。此外,与允许低训练开销的大多数现有解决方案相比,它不需要关于收发器处的阵列响应的知识。此外,为了进一步降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于预条件共轭梯度(PCG)算法的实现和低秩矩阵完备(LRMC)公式。为了提高胖信道矩阵和高信道矩阵的信道估计性能,我们引入了一种矩阵整形方法,该方法可以利用均匀阵列的移位不变性来保持信道秩。我们还介绍了一种频谱去噪(SD)方法,用于在阵列响应已知且路径数量较少时进一步提高性能。这些方法可以在给定的训练开销下有效地提高性能。仿真结果表明,与几种具有代表性的信道估计方案相比,所提出的解决方案可以实现更高的信道估计精度并降低计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Characterization of RIS-Aided Terahertz Links in the Presence of Beam Misalignment 存在光束失准情况下RIS辅助太赫兹链路的分析表征
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3286700
Evangelos N. Papasotiriou;Sotiris Droulias;Angeliki Alexiou
The terahertz (THz) frequency band has recently attracted considerable attention in wireless communications as potential candidate for providing the necessary high bandwidth for demanding applications. With increasing frequency, however, the communication link becomes more vulnerable to blockage, and pathloss increases. While both effects can be mitigated with the judicious utilization of directional beams and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), high directivity could potentially increase the probability of undesired misalignment between the beam that is steered by the RIS, and the user. It is therefore crucial to characterize and understand the stochastic behavior of misalignment in RIS-aided THz links. In this work, beam misalignment in RIS-aided links is studied theoretically and analytical models are derived, the validity of which is verified through numerical calculations. It is demonstrated that there is a distinction in the stochastic behavior of misalignment between pointing errors that occur on the steering plane or normally to the steering plane, with direct consequences on the link robustness on misalignment. The analytical models capture the impact of misalignment under these qualitatively different conditions and provide the necessary tools for assessing the stochastic RIS performance with respect to crucial link parameters, such as the transmitter's beam width, the transmitter-RIS distance, the RIS-receiver distance, and the steering angle of the RIS.
太赫兹(THz)频带作为为要求苛刻的应用提供必要的高带宽的潜在候选者,最近在无线通信中引起了相当大的关注。然而,随着频率的增加,通信链路变得更容易被阻塞,路径损耗也会增加。虽然这两种影响都可以通过明智地使用定向波束和可重构智能表面(RIS)来减轻,但高方向性可能会增加RIS引导的波束与用户之间不期望的未对准的概率。因此,表征和理解RIS辅助THz链路中未对准的随机行为至关重要。本文从理论上研究了RIS辅助连杆中的梁失准问题,推导了解析模型,并通过数值计算验证了其有效性。研究表明,在转向平面上或正常转向平面上发生的指向误差之间,未对准的随机行为存在差异,直接影响未对准时的连杆鲁棒性。分析模型捕捉了在这些定性不同条件下未对准的影响,并提供了必要的工具来评估与关键链路参数有关的随机RIS性能,如发射器的波束宽度、发射器RIS距离、RIS接收器距离和RIS的转向角。
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引用次数: 0
RIS-Aided Near-Field Localization and Channel Estimation for the Terahertz System RIS辅助太赫兹系统近场定位和信道估计
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3285431
Yijin Pan;Cunhua Pan;Shi Jin;Jiangzhou Wang
The affordable hardware cost of ultra-large (XL) reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) renders them attractive solutions for the performance enhancement of localization and communication systems. However, XL-RIS results in near-field propagation channels, especially for the high-frequency terahertz (THz) communication system, which poses significant challenges for localization and channel estimation. In this article, we focus on the spherical wavefront propagation in the near field of the THz system with the assistance of a RIS. A near-field channel estimation and localization (NF-JCEL) algorithm is proposed based on the derived second-order Fresnel approximation of the near-field channel model. To be specific, we carefully devise a down-sampled Toeplitz covariance matrix, which enables the decoupling and separate estimation of user equipment (UE) distances and angles of arrival (AoAs). Using the sub-space based method and one-dimensional search, we estimate the angles of arrival (AoAs) and user equipment (UE) distances. The channel attenuation coefficients are obtained through the least square (LS) method. To alleviate the impact of THz channel fading peaks caused by molecular absorption, estimates on multiple sub-bands are utilized for location estimation. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed NF-JCEL algorithm to the conventional far-field algorithm and show that higher resolution accuracy can be obtained by the proposed algorithm.
超大型(XL)可重构智能表面(RIS)的可负担硬件成本使其成为提高定位和通信系统性能的有吸引力的解决方案。然而,XL-RIS导致近场传播信道,特别是对于高频太赫兹(THz)通信系统,这对定位和信道估计提出了重大挑战。在这篇文章中,我们重点研究了在RIS的帮助下THz系统近场中的球面波阵面传播。基于导出的近场信道模型的二阶菲涅耳近似,提出了一种近场信道估计和定位算法(NF-JCEL)。具体来说,我们仔细设计了一个下采样的Toeplitz协方差矩阵,它能够解耦和单独估计用户设备(UE)距离和到达角(AoAs)。使用基于子空间的方法和一维搜索,我们估计到达角(AoAs)和用户设备(UE)距离。信道衰减系数是通过最小二乘法得到的。为了减轻分子吸收引起的太赫兹信道衰落峰值的影响,利用对多个子带的估计进行位置估计。仿真结果验证了NF-JCEL算法相对于传统远场算法的优越性,并表明该算法可以获得更高的分辨率精度。
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引用次数: 9
Adapt and Aggregate: Adaptive OFDM Numerology and Carrier Aggregation for High Data Rate Terahertz Communications 自适应和聚合:用于高数据速率太赫兹通信的自适应OFDM数字和载波聚合
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3285448
Lutfi Samara;Tommaso Zugno;Mate Boban;Malte Schellmann;Thomas Kürner
We propose a communication framework suitable for data rate maximization in the Terahertz (THz) bands using adaptive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) numerology and carrier aggregation. OFDM is a widely adopted waveform due to the simplicity of its implementation and its effectiveness in combating frequency selectivity when the numerology is carefully chosen. However, it suffers from a multitude of limitations, including phase noise due to local oscillator inaccuracies, high peak-to-average power ratio, and is particularly sensitive to time-frequency synchronization errors, which can considerably impact its performance. This is especially relevant at THz frequencies where larger-than-usual bandwidth is available, and the choice of the numerology should be carefully made given the intrinsic transceiver constraints. Moreover, the abundance of frequency resources in the THz band imposes new design challenges that should be addressed, especially since the bandwidth usability at these frequencies depends on the communication distance. Hence, we propose a dynamic OFDM numerology adaptation mechanism, where the bandwidth of a Component Carrier (CC) covered by a single OFDM waveform is changed. For each CC, the Component Carrier Data Rate (CCDR) is evaluated while considering the effect of both hardware impairments and the wireless channel statistics. We further propose the adoption of a dynamic distance-aware CC allocation such that the available frequency resources are fully utilized, and maximize an Aggregated Data Rate (ADR) through the aggregation of several CCs. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields the highest ADR out of all possible setups.
我们使用自适应正交频分复用(OFDM)数字技术和载波聚合,提出了一种适用于太赫兹(THz)频带中数据速率最大化的通信框架。OFDM是一种被广泛采用的波形,这是由于其实现的简单性以及在仔细选择数字时在对抗频率选择性方面的有效性。然而,它受到许多限制,包括由于本地振荡器不准确而产生的相位噪声、高峰均功率比,并且对时间-频率同步误差特别敏感,这可能会极大地影响其性能。这在THz频率下尤其重要,因为THz频率具有比通常更大的带宽,并且在考虑到固有的收发器约束的情况下,应该仔细选择命理学。此外,太赫兹频带中丰富的频率资源带来了新的设计挑战,应该加以解决,特别是因为这些频率下的带宽可用性取决于通信距离。因此,我们提出了一种动态OFDM数字自适应机制,其中单个OFDM波形覆盖的分量载波(CC)的带宽发生变化。对于每个CC,在考虑硬件损伤和无线信道统计的影响的同时,评估分量载波数据速率(CCDR)。我们进一步建议采用动态距离感知CC分配,以便充分利用可用频率资源,并通过聚合多个CC来最大化聚合数据速率(ADR)。仿真结果表明,在所有可能的设置中,所提出的方法产生了最高的ADR。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Analysis of Terahertz Propagation Under Dust Storm Conditions on Mars and Earth 火星和地球沙尘暴条件下太赫兹传播的比较分析
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3285450
Lasantha Thakshila Wedage;Bernard Butler;Sasitharan Balasubramaniam;Yevgeni Koucheryavy;Mehmet C. Vuran
Reliable Terahertz (THz) links are necessary for outdoor point-to-point communication with the exponential growth of wireless data traffic. This study presents a modified Monte Carlo simulation procedure for estimating THz link attenuation due to multiple scattering by charged dust particles on the THz beam propagation path. Scattering models are developed for beams through dust, based on Mie and Rayleigh approximations for corresponding frequencies on Earth (0.24 THz) and Mars (0.24 & 1.64 THz). The simulation results are compared, considering parameters such as the number of Monte-Carlo photon (MCP) packets, visibility, dust particle placement density along the beam, frequency, and distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, a channel capacity model was proposed, considering THz link attenuation due to dust storms, spreading loss, and molecular absorption loss for Earth and Mars outdoor environments. Simulation results for Earth show that the link attenuation increases with dust particle placement density, distance, and frequency, and attenuation decreases with visibility and MCP packets. On Mars, similar results are obtained for both frequencies, except that the attenuation varies around a constant value with the frequency increase. Moreover, attenuation is slightly higher at 0.24 THz frequency compared to 1.64 THz when more dust particles are present on the beam propagation path. Channel capacity is estimated for Earth and Mars environments considering time and distance-dependent scenarios. Time windows that show a sudden drop of dust particles along the beam provide opportunities to communicate with high reliability. Moreover, increasing the distance between the transmitter and receiver severely reduces the channel capacity measurement in strong dust storm conditions in both environments. Our study has found that weak dust storms have relatively little effect on Mars but much more significant effects on Earth.
随着无线数据流量的指数级增长,可靠的太赫兹(THz)链路对于户外点对点通信是必要的。本研究提出了一种改进的蒙特卡罗模拟程序,用于估计由于带电尘埃粒子在太赫兹光束传播路径上的多次散射引起的太赫兹链路衰减。基于地球(0.24 THz)和火星(0.24和1.64 THz)上相应频率的Mie和Rayleigh近似,为穿过尘埃的光束开发了散射模型。考虑到蒙特卡罗光子(MCP)包的数量、可见性、尘埃粒子沿光束的放置密度、频率以及发射器和接收器之间的距离等参数,对模拟结果进行了比较。此外,还提出了一个信道容量模型,考虑了地球和火星户外环境中沙尘暴引起的太赫兹链路衰减、传播损耗和分子吸收损耗。对地球的模拟结果表明,链路衰减随着尘粒放置密度、距离和频率的增加而增加,而衰减随着能见度和MCP数据包的增加而减少。在火星上,两种频率都得到了类似的结果,只是衰减随着频率的增加而在恒定值附近变化。此外,与光束传播路径上存在更多灰尘颗粒时的1.64THz相比,0.24THz频率下的衰减略高。考虑到时间和距离相关的场景,估计了地球和火星环境的信道容量。显示尘埃颗粒沿光束突然下降的时间窗口提供了高可靠性通信的机会。此外,在两种环境中的强沙尘暴条件下,增加发射机和接收机之间的距离会严重降低信道容量测量。我们的研究发现,弱沙尘暴对火星的影响相对较小,但对地球的影响要大得多。
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引用次数: 1
Full-Wave Simulation and Scattering Modeling for Terahertz Communications 太赫兹通信的全波仿真与散射建模
IF 7.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3285099
Haofan Yi;Ke Guan;P. Takis Mathiopoulos;Pengxiang Xie;Danping He;Jianwu Dou;Zhangdui Zhong
This article presents a comprehensive study for analyzing and modeling the scattering phenomenon of terahertz (THz) waves bouncing on rough surfaces. More specifically, a generic parametric methodology to accurately model the rough characteristics focusing on the root-mean-square (RMS) height and correlation length of a surface is proposed. Firstly, a Monte Carlo-based approach is developed for the efficient and accurate software realization of such rough surfaces. Then, the full-wave simulator FEKO is used to simulate at 300 GHz the far-field behavior of scattering waves on 30 distinct surfaces having 6 RMS heights and 5 correlation lengths. By employing the directive scattering (DS) model, the variation of the scattering coefficient, $S$, and its equivalent roughness, $alpha _{R}$, are studied for the scattering amplitude aspect. Furthermore, the statistical characteristics of the phase and polarization of the scattered signals are obtained and compared with those available in existing 3GPP channel model standards which are valid for lower frequency bands. These comparisons show that although the phases follow the normal distribution, as is the case with equivalent 3GPP channel models, the cross-polarization ratios (XPRs) follow the logistic distribution. This is an important difference which could have a great impact on the standardization activities of the current 3GPP-related working groups. Finally, the proposed scattering model at the THz band is realized through an algorithmic implementation. Compared with the classical two-dimensional DS model which characterizes only the amplitude of the scattered signal, the proposed three-dimensional scattering model can be efficiently used to accurately characterize all the important parameters of the scattered signals, namely, amplitude, phase, and polarization at the THz band. Additionally, the proposed scattering model can effectively work in conjunction with ray-tracing (RT) schemes leading to precise scattering and channel modeling for new applications, such as holographic radios and multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems.
本文对太赫兹波在粗糙表面上反弹的散射现象进行了全面的分析和建模研究。更具体地说,提出了一种通用的参数化方法,以精确地对粗糙特性进行建模,重点关注表面的均方根(RMS)高度和相关长度。首先,开发了一种基于蒙特卡罗的方法来高效准确地实现这种粗糙表面的软件实现。然后,全波模拟器FEKO用于在300GHz下模拟具有6个RMS高度和5个相关长度的30个不同表面上的散射波的远场行为。采用定向散射(DS)模型,研究了散射系数$S$及其等效粗糙度$alpha_{R}$在散射振幅方面的变化。此外,获得散射信号的相位和极化的统计特性,并将其与现有3GPP信道模型标准中可用的统计特性进行比较,这些标准对较低频带有效。这些比较表明,尽管相位遵循正态分布,就像等效3GPP信道模型的情况一样,但交叉极化比(XPR)遵循逻辑分布。这是一个重要的差异,可能对当前3GPP相关工作组的标准化活动产生重大影响。最后,通过算法实现了所提出的太赫兹波段散射模型。与仅表征散射信号振幅的经典二维DS模型相比,所提出的三维散射模型可以有效地用于精确表征散射信号的所有重要参数,即太赫兹波段的振幅、相位和偏振。此外,所提出的散射模型可以有效地与射线跟踪(RT)方案结合使用,从而为新的应用(如全息无线电和多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)系统)实现精确的散射和信道建模。
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
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