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SOI detector with drift field due to majority carrier flow — An alternative to biasing in depletion 由于大多数载流子流而具有漂移场的SOI探测器-损耗中偏置的替代方案
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874103
M. Trimpl, G. Deptuch, R. Yarema
This paper reports on a SOI detector with drift field induced by the flow of majority carriers. It is proposed as an alternative method of detector biasing compared to standard depletion. N-drift rings in n-substrate are used at the front side of the detector to provide charge collecting field in depth as well as to improve the lateral charge collection. The concept was verified on a 2.5 ×2.5mm2 large detector array with 20 μm and 40 μm pixel pitch fabricated in August 2009 using the OKI semiconductor process. First results, obtained with a radioactive source to demonstrate spatial resolution and spectroscopic performance of the detector for the two different pixel sizes, will be shown and compared to results obtained with a standard depletion scheme. Two different diode designs, one using a standard p-implantation and one surrounded by an additional BPW implant will be compared as well.
本文报道了一种具有多数载流子流动诱导漂移场的SOI探测器。它被提议作为一种替代方法的探测器偏置相比,标准损耗。探测器正面采用n基板中的n漂移环,提供深度电荷收集场,并改善侧向电荷收集。该概念在2009年8月采用OKI半导体工艺制造的20 μm和40 μm像素间距的2.5 ×2.5mm2大型探测器阵列上进行了验证。第一个结果是用放射源获得的,以证明探测器在两种不同像素尺寸下的空间分辨率和光谱性能,将被显示并与标准耗尽方案获得的结果进行比较。两种不同的二极管设计,一种使用标准p-植入,另一种被额外的BPW植入所包围,也将进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Results from the coded aperture neutron imaging system 编码孔径中子成像系统的结果
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874054
P. Marleau, J. Brennan, E. Brubaker, J. Steele
Because of their penetrating power, energetic neutrons and gamma rays (∼1 MeV) offer the best possibility of detecting highly shielded or distant special nuclear material (SNM). Of these, fast neutrons offer the greatest advantage due to their very low and well understood natural background. We are investigating a new approach to fast-neutron imaging — a coded aperture neutron imaging system (CANIS). Coded aperture neutron imaging should offer a highly efficient solution for improved detection speed, range, and sensitivity. We have demonstrated fast neutron and gamma ray imaging with several different configurations of coded masks patterns and detectors including an “active” mask that is composed of neutron detectors. Here we describe our prototype detector and present some initial results from laboratory tests and demonstrations.
由于它们的穿透力,高能中子和伽马射线(~ 1 MeV)提供了探测高度屏蔽或遥远特殊核材料(SNM)的最佳可能性。其中,快中子提供了最大的优势,因为它们的自然背景非常低,很容易理解。我们正在研究一种新的快中子成像方法——编码孔径中子成像系统(CANIS)。编码孔径中子成像为提高探测速度、范围和灵敏度提供了一种高效的解决方案。我们已经演示了快中子和伽马射线成像与几种不同配置的编码掩模模式和探测器,包括一个由中子探测器组成的“主动”掩模。在这里,我们描述了我们的原型探测器,并介绍了一些实验室测试和演示的初步结果。
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引用次数: 14
Monolithic Active Pixel Matrix with Binary Counters (MAMBO) ASIC 单片有源像素矩阵与二进制计数器(MAMBO) ASIC
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874035
F. Khalid, G. Deptuch, A. Shenai, R. Yarema
Monolithic Active Matrix with Binary Counters (MAMBO) is a counting ASIC designed for detecting and measuring low energy X-rays from 6–12keV. Each pixel contains analogue functionality implemented with a charge preamplifier, CR-RC2 shaper and a baseline restorer. It also contains a window comparator which can be trimmed by 4 bit DACs to remove systematic offsets. The hits are registered by a 12 bit ripple counter which is reconfigured as a shift register to serially output the data from the entire ASIC. Each pixel can be tested individually. Two diverse approaches have been used to prevent coupling between the detector and electronics in MAMBO III and MAMBO IV. MAMBO III is a 3D ASIC, the bottom ASIC consists of diodes which are connected to the top ASIC using μ-bump bonds. The detector is decoupled from the electronics by physically separating them on two tiers and using several metal layers as a shield. MAMBO IV is a monolithic structure which uses a nested well approach to isolate the detector from the electronics. The ASICs are being fabricated using the SOI 0.2μm OKI process, MAMBO III is 3D bonded at T-Micro and MAMBO IV nested well structure was developed in collaboration between OKI and Fermilab.
带二进制计数器的单片有源矩阵(MAMBO)是一种计数专用集成电路,用于检测和测量6-12keV的低能x射线。每个像素包含一个电荷前置放大器、CR-RC2整形器和基线恢复器实现的模拟功能。它还包含一个窗口比较器,可以通过4位dac修剪以消除系统偏移。命中由12位纹波计数器注册,该计数器被重新配置为移位寄存器,以串行输出来自整个ASIC的数据。每个像素都可以单独测试。在MAMBO III和MAMBO IV中,采用了两种不同的方法来防止探测器和电子器件之间的耦合。MAMBO III是一个3D ASIC,底部ASIC由二极管组成,这些二极管通过μ-bump键连接到顶部ASIC。探测器通过在两层上物理分离电子器件,并使用几层金属层作为屏蔽,从而与电子器件分离。MAMBO IV是一个单片结构,使用嵌套井方法将探测器与电子设备隔离开来。asic采用SOI 0.2μm OKI工艺制造,MAMBO III是在T-Micro进行3D键合,MAMBO IV是由OKI和Fermilab合作开发的嵌套井结构。
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引用次数: 9
The Chicagoland Observatory Underground for Particle Physics cosmic ray veto system 芝加哥地下粒子物理天文台宇宙射线否决系统
Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873871
M. Crisler, J. Hall, S. Hansen, E. Ramberg, T. Kiper
A photomultiplier (PMT) readout system has been designed for use by the cosmic ray veto systems of two warm liquid bubble chambers built at Fermilab by the Chicagoland Observatory Underground for Particle Physics (COUPP) collaboration. The systems are designed to minimize the infrastructure necessary for installation. Up to five PMTs can be daisy-chained on a single data link using standard Category 5 network cable. The cables is also serve distribute to low voltage power. High voltage is generated locally on each PMT base. Analog and digital signal processing is also performed locally. The PMT base and system controller design and performance measurements are presented.
由芝加哥地下粒子物理天文台(COUPP)合作在费米实验室建造的两个热液体气泡室的宇宙射线探测系统设计了一个光电倍增管(PMT)读出系统。该系统旨在最大限度地减少安装所需的基础设施。使用标准的5类网线,在单个数据链路上最多可以连接5个pmt。该电缆还可用于低压配电。在每个PMT基上局部产生高电压。模拟和数字信号处理也在本地执行。介绍了PMT基础和系统控制器的设计及性能测量。
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引用次数: 1
Simulation study on the timing property of wavelength shifter fiber embedded in a plastic scintillator 塑料闪烁体中波长移位光纤定时特性的仿真研究
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873945
Shigeharu Kobayashi, Tokonatsu Yamamoto
The simulation results of the timing properties of a plastic scintillator are reported, when it is read by the WLS fiber. For the sake of completeness, we are beforehand with a simplified formula describing the light propagation in a fiber, and thereafter present the simulation results as the distributions for t1-t0 as well as t1+t2 to see the time resolution with t1 and t2 the times appeared at both fiber ends and t0 at the trigger source. The simulations were made for two different WLS fibers, Y11 and BCF92, to see the influence of radiation time on the time resolution.
本文报道了用WLS光纤读取塑料闪烁体时的定时特性的仿真结果。为了完整起见,我们先用一个简化的公式描述光在光纤中的传播,然后将仿真结果表示为t1-t0和t1+t2的分布,以查看t1和t2在光纤两端出现的次数和触发源处出现的时间分辨率。对Y11和BCF92两种不同的WLS光纤进行了仿真,观察了辐射时间对时间分辨率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A scintillator based muon system with SiPM readout for the SuperB detector 一个闪烁体为基础的μ子系统与SiPM读数的高超探测器
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874068
M. Andreotti, W. Baldini, M. Benettoni, R. Calabrese, V. Carassiti, G. Cibinetto, F. Corso, F. Evangelisti, C. Fanin, E. Feltresi, N. Gagliardi, E. Luppi, R. Malaguti, M. Manzali, M. Melchiorri, M. Munerato, M. Posocco, A. C. Ramusino, M. Rotondo, R. Stroili, L. Tomassetti
The existing muon detectors for high-energy physics experiments are mainly made of gas chambers such as Resistive Plate Chambers, Limited Streamer Tubes or Multi Wire Proportional Chambers. With the increasing luminosity of the new accelerators and the increment in dimensions of the experiments the development of a new detection technique, which is robust, cheap and capable to sustain high particle rate, is mandatory. We present the technology proposed for the Super B muon system. The detector is based on MINOS style extruded scintillators coupled to wavelength shifting fibers. The light readout is done by means of Silicon Photomultiplier devices. We report the R&D results on prototypes that can be operated either with binary readout, measuring only one coordinate, or with a TDC readout that can measure both the coordinate at the same time with adequate precision. Efficiency and time resolution will be discussed for different prototype geometry as well as the main operational issues related to the photodetectors, like stability, noise rate and neutron damage. A full-scale prototype with the same geometry designed for the SuperB experiment is under construction in our lab and it will be tested with a muon/pion beam at FNAL next fall. The structure optimization has been studied using a GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation and the expected muon identification performances have been evaluated with a neural network algorithm, we present preliminary results of the optimization and its implication for the SuperB muon system.
现有用于高能物理实验的介子探测器主要由气室构成,如电阻板室、有限流线型管或多线比例室。随着新型加速器亮度的增加和实验规模的增加,开发一种鲁棒、廉价、能够维持高粒子速率的新型检测技术势在必行。我们提出了超级B μ子系统的技术方案。探测器是基于MINOS风格的挤压闪烁体耦合到波长移动的光纤。光的读出是通过硅光电倍增管器件完成的。我们报告了原型的研发结果,这些原型可以用二进制读出操作,只测量一个坐标,或者用TDC读出操作,可以同时测量两个坐标,具有足够的精度。将讨论不同原型几何形状的效率和时间分辨率,以及与光电探测器相关的主要操作问题,如稳定性、噪声率和中子损伤。我们的实验室正在建造一个与SuperB实验相同几何形状的全尺寸原型,它将于明年秋天在final用μ子/介子光束进行测试。利用GEANT4蒙特卡罗模拟对结构进行了优化研究,并利用神经网络算法对预期的μ子识别性能进行了评估,给出了优化的初步结果及其对SuperB μ子系统的启示。
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引用次数: 4
VERDI: A versatile readout ASIC for radiation detectors 用于辐射探测器的多功能读出专用集成电路
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873997
A. Celani, L. Bombelli, C. Fiorini, T. Frizzi, R. Nava, J. Pavlick, M. Kastner, M. Morichi, B. Roberson, B. Zakrzewski, O. Evrard, C. Cherukuri, S. Assouak
In this work we present the circuit VERDI (VErsatile Readout for Detector Integration), an integrated circuit developed for the readout of different families of radiation detectors, from nitrogen-cooled Ge and Si(Li) detectors, to silicon drift detectors (SDDs), scintillation detectors, photomultipliers tubes and others. The circuit may represent a suitable solution when a compact integration between a multi-element detector and the front-end readout is needed to realize a compact and low-power detection module. The circuit includes 8 channels, each one composed by a charge preamplifier, a shaping amplifier, a gain stage, a baseline holder and a peak stretcher. An on-chip selector provides at the output of each channel the waveform of a specific stage, including an RC integrator for external digital processing of the signal. Alternatively, the 8 channels may be multiplexed on a single output. Different settings, like gain, shaping time, preamplifier compensation and others, may be externally programmed by SPI accordingly to the specific detector in use. Only the input JFET, feedback capacitor and reset device are left external to the ASIC, and must be chosen specifically for each detector. The results of preliminary experimental characterization of the circuit when used with different detectors are presented in this work.
在这项工作中,我们提出了电路VERDI(探测器集成的多功能读出),这是一种用于读出不同系列辐射探测器的集成电路,从氮冷却的Ge和Si(Li)探测器,到硅漂移探测器(sdd),闪烁探测器,光电倍增管等。当需要在多元件检测器和前端读出器之间进行紧凑集成以实现紧凑和低功耗的检测模块时,该电路可能是一个合适的解决方案。电路包括8个通道,每个通道由一个电荷前置放大器、一个整形放大器、一个增益级、一个基线保持器和一个峰值拉伸器组成。片上选择器在每个通道的输出处提供特定阶段的波形,包括用于信号外部数字处理的RC积分器。另外,8个通道可以在单个输出上复用。不同的设置,如增益,整形时间,前置放大器补偿等,可以根据使用的特定检测器由SPI外部编程。只有输入JFET,反馈电容和复位器件留在ASIC外部,必须为每个检测器专门选择。本文介绍了该电路与不同探测器的初步实验表征结果。
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引用次数: 4
New physics data libraries for Monte Carlo transport 蒙特卡罗传输的新物理数据库
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873770
M. Augelli, S. Hauf, M. Kuster, M. Han, C. H. Kim, M. Pia, L. Quintieri, H. Seo, P. Saracco, G. Weidenspointner, A. Zoglauer
The role of data libraries as a collaborative tool across Monte Carlo codes is discussed. Some new contributions in this domain are presented; they concern a data library of proton and alpha ionization cross sections, the development in progress of a data library of electron ionization cross sections and proposed improvements to the EADL (Evaluated Atomic Data Library), the latter resulting from an extensive data validation process.
讨论了数据库作为跨蒙特卡罗代码的协作工具的作用。提出了该领域的一些新贡献;它们涉及质子和α电离截面数据库,电子电离截面数据库的发展,以及对EADL(评估原子数据库)的改进建议,后者是通过广泛的数据验证过程产生的。
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引用次数: 4
TRI-PICCS in single source and dual source CT 单源和双源CT的三piccs
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874304
C. Maas, C. Hofmann, M. Kachelries
Recently, temporal resolution improved prior image constrained compressed sensing (TRI-PICCS), an algorithm promising improved temporal resolution in cardiac CT, was proposed. Here, we extend the ideas to dual source CT. Single source and dual source CT simulations of a heart phantom as well as a single source cardiac CT measurement are used to evaluate the temporal resolution of CT images reconstructed with TRI-PICCS. Short scan reconstructions of the same data are used for comparison. The result of this study is that there seems to be an advantage in temporal resolution when using TRI-PICCS, however, this impression is actually caused by a slight shift of the motion phase when using TRI-PICCS. Comparing short scan reconstructions and TRI-PICCS reconstructions at the same motion phase, no temporal resolution improvement could be confirmed.
最近提出了一种时间分辨率改进的先验图像约束压缩感知(TRI-PICCS)算法,该算法有望提高心脏CT的时间分辨率。在这里,我们将思想扩展到双源CT。利用单源和双源CT模拟心脏幻影以及单源CT测量来评估TRI-PICCS重建的CT图像的时间分辨率。同一数据的短扫描重建用于比较。本研究的结果是,当使用TRI-PICCS时,在时间分辨率上似乎有优势,然而,这种印象实际上是由使用TRI-PICCS时运动相位的轻微移动引起的。在同一运动阶段,短扫描重建与TRI-PICCS重建相比,没有时间分辨率的提高。
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引用次数: 5
R&D on long-strip MRPC 长条MRPC的研发
Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873902
Yongjie Sun, Cheng Li, Zebo Tang, Lailin Xu
Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC), which has excellent performance and relatively low cost per channel, is a good candidate for Time-of-Flight (TOF) system in modern high energy physics experiments. A new kind of MRPC, Long-strip MRPC (LMRPC) with 50 cm × 2.5 cm strips, was tested at GSI-FOPI with secondary beam. The resets show that this LMRPC prototype can achieve 60 to 70 ps σ time resolution and greater than 97% detecting efficiency. The cross talk between readout strips is less than 2%. The measured spatial resolution along the strips is about 0.36 cm σ.
多间隙电阻板腔(MRPC)具有优异的性能和较低的单通道成本,是现代高能物理实验中飞行时间(TOF)系统的理想选择。在二次光束的GSI-FOPI下,对一种新型MRPC——50 cm × 2.5 cm长条MRPC (LMRPC)进行了测试。实验结果表明,该LMRPC样机可以达到60 ~ 70 ps σ的时间分辨率,检测效率大于97%。读出条之间的串扰小于2%。测得的空间分辨率约为0.36 cm σ。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim & Medical Imaging Conference
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