Our research focused on the sorption properties of enzymatically treated viscose/chitosan and viscose fibers treated with enzymes and chitosan. To improve sorption properties of viscose fibers and to obtain the characteristics similar to viscose/chitosan fibers, we performed two different treatments. First, we treated both fibers with enzyme cellulase for 60 min and afterwards treated viscose fibers with the chitosan in an ultrasonic bath. In our research, structural characteristics and the accessibility of free adsorption places were investigated. We noted a noticeable change in the structure (degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and molecular orientation) of treated viscose and viscose/chitosan fibers. Changes that occurred in the morphology and in the structural properties of both types of tested fibers were also reflected in their physical and chemical properties. Research showed that the sorption properties of enzymatic treated fibers were improved.
{"title":"Enzymatic treated viscose fibers functionalized by chitosan","authors":"U. Brodnjak, D. Gregor-Svetec, M. Klančnik","doi":"10.32964/TJ17.08.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ17.08.447","url":null,"abstract":"Our research focused on the sorption properties of enzymatically treated viscose/chitosan and viscose fibers treated with enzymes and chitosan. To improve sorption properties of viscose fibers and to obtain the characteristics similar to viscose/chitosan fibers, we performed two different treatments. First, we treated both fibers with enzyme cellulase for 60 min and afterwards treated viscose fibers with the chitosan in an ultrasonic bath. In our research, structural characteristics and the accessibility of free adsorption places were investigated. We noted a noticeable change in the structure (degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and molecular orientation) of treated viscose and viscose/chitosan fibers. Changes that occurred in the morphology and in the structural properties of both types of tested fibers were also reflected in their physical and chemical properties. Research showed that the sorption properties of enzymatic treated fibers were improved.","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74895899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulper consistency affects production capacity, defibering efficiency, and particle size distribution of contaminants, and in particular, stickies and inks. The effect of pulper consistency on stickies size distribution, though important, has not been studied in detail. In this project, pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA)-containing furnish was pulped in a laboratory at 5%, 10% and 15% consistency. Results show that 15% consistency pulp produced many more small-sized stickies compared to pulps produced at 5% and 10% consistency. This is contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis and needs further investigation. Calcium carbonate, usually present in varying proportions in many recovered paper grades, is known to have some pacifying effect on stickies. A new pacifying agent prepared from silicone release liner, called desiliconized pulp (DSP), behaves like bleached virgin hardwood kraft pulp. DSP seems to have a pacifying effect similar to that of calcium carbonate. Thus, DSP may potentially replace a small amount of bleached virgin hardwood kraft pulp, with a bonus stickies-pacifying effect.
{"title":"Effect of pulper consistency on stickies size distribution","authors":"M. Doshi, S. Aziz, Robert L. de Jong, C. Houtman","doi":"10.32964/TJ17.08.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ17.08.461","url":null,"abstract":"Pulper consistency affects production capacity, defibering efficiency, and particle size distribution of contaminants, and in particular, stickies and inks. The effect of pulper consistency on stickies size distribution, though important, has not been studied in detail.\u0000In this project, pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA)-containing furnish was pulped in a laboratory at 5%, 10% and 15% consistency. Results show that 15% consistency pulp produced many more small-sized stickies compared to pulps produced at 5% and 10% consistency. This is contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis and needs further investigation. Calcium carbonate, usually present in varying proportions in many recovered paper grades, is known to have some pacifying effect on stickies. A new pacifying agent prepared from silicone release liner, called desiliconized pulp (DSP), behaves like bleached virgin hardwood kraft pulp. DSP seems to have a pacifying effect similar to that of calcium carbonate. Thus, DSP may potentially replace a small amount of bleached virgin hardwood kraft pulp, with a bonus stickies-pacifying effect.","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75318293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coffee edge-wicking testing was conducted on two groups of highly-sized paperboard manufactured at two mills with similar manufacturing processes, but with vastly different local fiber sources. Although the Hercules size test (HST) indicated similar internal size levels between the two types of board, the edge-wicking behavior was noticeably different. Analysis of fiber structure revealed that the board with more edge-wicking had fibers with thicker fiber walls, which kept the fiber lumen more open after pressing and drying on a paper machine. It was demonstrated that liquid penetration through voids between fibers in highly-sized paperboard was limited, because the fiber surface was well protected by the presence of sufficient sizing agent. Nevertheless, freshly exposed fiber walls and lumens at the cut edge of the sheet were not protected by sizing material, which facilitated edge-wicking. The correlation between fiber structure and edge-wicking behavior was highlighted in this work to inspire development of novel sizing strategies that protect the freshly cut edge of the sheet from edge-wicking.
{"title":"Impact of fiber structure on edge-wicking of highly-sized paperboard","authors":"Lebo Xu, J. Meyers, P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj17.08.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj17.08.437","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee edge-wicking testing was conducted on two groups of highly-sized paperboard manufactured at two mills with similar manufacturing processes, but with vastly different local fiber sources. Although the Hercules size test (HST) indicated similar internal size levels between the two types of board, the edge-wicking behavior was noticeably different. Analysis of fiber structure revealed that the board with more edge-wicking had fibers with thicker fiber walls, which kept the fiber lumen more open after pressing and drying on a paper machine. It was demonstrated that liquid penetration through voids between fibers in highly-sized paperboard was limited, because the fiber surface was well protected by the presence of sufficient sizing agent. Nevertheless, freshly exposed fiber walls and lumens at the cut edge of the sheet were not protected by sizing material, which facilitated edge-wicking. The correlation between fiber structure and edge-wicking behavior was highlighted in this work to inspire development of novel sizing strategies that protect the freshly cut edge of the sheet from edge-wicking.","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80929938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heinz-Joachim Schaffrath, Felix Reichenbach, S. Schabel
The well-known McKee formula was derived in 1963 for symmetric fluting constructions. This paper presents investigations showing the influence of asymmetric properties, either geometric or concerning the elastic moduli. Paper properties of the base papers used are taken to calculate the panel properties of corrugated boards. From these results, the box failure is predicted. To do this, a model approximating the corrugated medium by triangles is presented. With this assumption, the bending stiffness of corrugated board, no matter how many flutes, can be predicted from paper data. Machine direction and cross direction are treated separately. The theoretical considerations are verified by measuring paper parameters such as short compression test (SCT), thickness, and bending stiffness, as well as edge compression test (ECT) and bending stiffness of corrugated board and box compression test (BCT) of the boxes. It can be stated that the prediction of using paper data instead of corrugated board data may lead to even better prediction results, as the measuring of bending stiffness at the board may sometimes be influenced by sampling inconveniences. Finally, thickness of the used base papers, as well as thickness of the manufactured board, appear to be the main influencing parameters. The McKee formula is robust enough to be applied for asymmetric corrugated board as well.
{"title":"Prediction of box failure from paper data for asymmetric corrugated board","authors":"Heinz-Joachim Schaffrath, Felix Reichenbach, S. Schabel","doi":"10.32964/TJ17.08.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ17.08.429","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known McKee formula was derived in 1963 for symmetric fluting constructions. This paper presents investigations showing the influence of asymmetric properties, either geometric or concerning the elastic moduli. Paper properties of the base papers used are taken to calculate the panel properties of corrugated boards. From these results, the box failure is predicted. To do this, a model approximating the corrugated medium by triangles is presented. With this assumption, the bending stiffness of corrugated board, no matter how many flutes, can be predicted from paper data. Machine direction and cross direction are treated separately. The theoretical considerations are verified by measuring paper parameters such as short compression test (SCT), thickness, and bending stiffness, as well as edge compression test (ECT) and bending stiffness of corrugated board and box compression test (BCT) of the boxes. It can be stated that the prediction of using paper data instead of corrugated board data may lead to even better prediction results, as the measuring of bending stiffness at the board may sometimes be influenced by sampling inconveniences. Finally, thickness of the used base papers, as well as thickness of the manufactured board, appear to be the main influencing parameters. The McKee formula is robust enough to be applied for asymmetric corrugated board as well.","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79178457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer world-wide following lung cancer. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is one of the chronic post-surgical pain disorders (CPSP) of neuropathic character; nearly 20–50% of patients may develop PMPS. Stellate ganglion blockade has been performed as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic intervention for different pain syndromes. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of thermal versus super voltage pulsed radiofrequency (RF) application of stellate ganglion in neuropathic PMPS in cancer patients. Study Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial. Methods: Eighty patients with PMPS after surgery for breast cancer were recruited from the pain clinic of the National Cancer Institute with pain duration of more than 6 months and less than 2 years, visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 40 mm, and not responding to oxycodone and pregabalin for at least 4 weeks. The pain had to be of positive neuropathic character, as detected by the grading system for neuropathic pain (GSNP; score of 3 or 4). The patients were allocated into 2 equally sized groups: Group A: Pulsed RF; super voltage pulsed RF was applied with a time of 360 seconds at 42º C, with a pulse width of 20 m/sec and voltage of 60–70 v. Group B: Thermal RF; thermal RF neurolysis was applied with a time of 60 seconds at 80º C, and was then was repeated twice after needle-tip rotation. Stellate ganglion RF therapy was done under fluoroscopy, integrated by ultrasound guidance. The patients were assessed for pain relief by change in VAS score, functional improvement, and the analgesic concomitant medication (oxycodone and pregabalin) consumption prior to block and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks thereafter. The impact of treatment on quality of life (assessed by short-form health survey questionnaire [SF36]) and patient function capacity (assessed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]) were also recorded. Results: The percentage of patients who had successful response was significantly higher in the thermal RF group compared to the pulsed RF group at the first week and first, third, and sixth months, with significant difference in post-mastectomy pain intensity, functional improvement, and less rescue analgesia. There was no significant difference in quality of life or patient functional capacity. Limitations: A longer follow-up period may be needed for the evaluation of RF effect on PMPS. Conclusions: Thermal RF of the stellate ganglion is a safe and successful treatment for PMPS. It appears to be more effective than pulsed RF of the stellate ganglion in this pain syndrome. Key words: Cancer breast, post mastectomy pain syndrome, stellate ganglion block, radiofrequency therapy
{"title":"Thermal Versus Super Voltage Pulsed\u0000Radiofrequency of Stellate Ganglion in PostMastectomy Neuropathic Pain Syndrome: A\u0000Prospective Randomized Trial","authors":"Dina Nabil Abbass","doi":"10.36076/ppj.2018.4.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.4.351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer world-wide following lung\u0000cancer. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is one of the chronic post-surgical pain disorders\u0000(CPSP) of neuropathic character; nearly 20–50% of patients may develop PMPS. Stellate ganglion\u0000blockade has been performed as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic intervention for different\u0000pain syndromes.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of thermal\u0000versus super voltage pulsed radiofrequency (RF) application of stellate ganglion in neuropathic\u0000PMPS in cancer patients.\u0000Study Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial.\u0000Methods: Eighty patients with PMPS after surgery for breast cancer were recruited from the pain\u0000clinic of the National Cancer Institute with pain duration of more than 6 months and less than 2\u0000years, visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 40 mm, and not responding to oxycodone and pregabalin for at\u0000least 4 weeks. The pain had to be of positive neuropathic character, as detected by the grading\u0000system for neuropathic pain (GSNP; score of 3 or 4). The patients were allocated into 2 equally\u0000sized groups:\u0000Group A: Pulsed RF; super voltage pulsed RF was applied with a time of 360 seconds at 42º C, with\u0000a pulse width of 20 m/sec and voltage of 60–70 v.\u0000Group B: Thermal RF; thermal RF neurolysis was applied with a time of 60 seconds at 80º C, and\u0000was then was repeated twice after needle-tip rotation. Stellate ganglion RF therapy was done\u0000under fluoroscopy, integrated by ultrasound guidance. The patients were assessed for pain relief\u0000by change in VAS score, functional improvement, and the analgesic concomitant medication\u0000(oxycodone and pregabalin) consumption prior to block and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks thereafter.\u0000The impact of treatment on quality of life (assessed by short-form health survey questionnaire [SF36]) and patient function capacity (assessed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG])\u0000were also recorded.\u0000Results: The percentage of patients who had successful response was significantly higher in the\u0000thermal RF group compared to the pulsed RF group at the first week and first, third, and sixth months,\u0000with significant difference in post-mastectomy pain intensity, functional improvement, and less rescue\u0000analgesia. There was no significant difference in quality of life or patient functional capacity.\u0000Limitations: A longer follow-up period may be needed for the evaluation of RF effect on PMPS.\u0000Conclusions: Thermal RF of the stellate ganglion is a safe and successful treatment for PMPS. It\u0000appears to be more effective than pulsed RF of the stellate ganglion in this pain syndrome.\u0000Key words: Cancer breast, post mastectomy pain syndrome, stellate ganglion block,\u0000radiofrequency therapy","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87324148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.1515/9783110585469-007
{"title":"Lyrische Korrespondenzen. Zum Verhältnis von Brief und Gedicht in der Literatur der Moderne – am Beispiel des Briefwechsels zwischen Stefan George und Hugo von Hofmannsthal","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110585469-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110585469-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80036272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.1515/9783110585469-013
{"title":"Bruno Pieger und Bertram Schefold (Hg.): „Kreis aus Kreisen“. Der George-Kreis im Kontext deutscher und europäischer Gemeinschaftsbildung","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110585469-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110585469-013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86654912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.1515/9783110585469-020
{"title":"Dieter Burdorf /Thorsten Valk (Hg.): Rudolf Borchardt und die Klassik","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110585469-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110585469-020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78321678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.1515/9783110585469-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110585469-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110585469-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84114218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.1515/9783110585469-014
{"title":"Simon Reiser: Totengedächtnis in den Kreisen um Stefan George. Formen und Funktionen eines ästhetischen Rituals","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783110585469-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110585469-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13063,"journal":{"name":"Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80978808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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