Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2024.3440921
Thomas Feys, Liesbet Van der Perre, François Rottenberg
{"title":"Toward Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO: Graph Neural Network Precoding for Mitigating Non-Linear PA Distortion","authors":"Thomas Feys, Liesbet Van der Perre, François Rottenberg","doi":"10.1109/tccn.2024.3440921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2024.3440921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3440920
Bin Rao;Jie Hu;Kun Yang
This paper proposes a hybrid backscatter and wireless powered communications system based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV operates both as a source of radio frequency (RF) signals and an information collector. The system integrates passive information transmission (IT) via backscatter communication (BC) and active IT via wireless powered communication (WPC) to meet the requirements of low-power multi-function communication. At the same time, the system considers the LOS/NLOS channel at variable altitude. By jointly designing the 3D flight trajectory of UAV, the system time slot resources and the active transmit power of ground equipment can maximize the fair rate of ground equipment, and the system also considers various flight restrictions of UAV. Based on the block coordinate descent algorithm, this paper divides the original problem into several sub-problems and processes them separately, and finally obtains an approximate solution through joint iteration. The simulation results show that the hybrid backscatter and wireless powered communications system based on UAV proposed in this paper can significantly improve the fair rate of ground equipment compared with other benchmark schemes.
{"title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Hybrid Backscatter and Wireless Powered Communications: 3-D Trajectory Design and Resource Scheduling","authors":"Bin Rao;Jie Hu;Kun Yang","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3440920","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3440920","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a hybrid backscatter and wireless powered communications system based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV operates both as a source of radio frequency (RF) signals and an information collector. The system integrates passive information transmission (IT) via backscatter communication (BC) and active IT via wireless powered communication (WPC) to meet the requirements of low-power multi-function communication. At the same time, the system considers the LOS/NLOS channel at variable altitude. By jointly designing the 3D flight trajectory of UAV, the system time slot resources and the active transmit power of ground equipment can maximize the fair rate of ground equipment, and the system also considers various flight restrictions of UAV. Based on the block coordinate descent algorithm, this paper divides the original problem into several sub-problems and processes them separately, and finally obtains an approximate solution through joint iteration. The simulation results show that the hybrid backscatter and wireless powered communications system based on UAV proposed in this paper can significantly improve the fair rate of ground equipment compared with other benchmark schemes.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1678-1689"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3430155
{"title":"IEEE Communications Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3430155","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3430155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10629246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439589
Ning Huang;Chenglong Dou;Yuan Wu;Liping Qian
Symbiotic radio, which exploits the benefits of passive communications and cognitive radio via backscattering or ambient reflecting, is a promising paradigm to support a large amount of Internet of Things devices with high spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. For edge intelligence, data collection from heterogeneous devices including wireless sensing devices and wired sensing devices brings challenge for efficient model training. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) based symbiotic radio, which exploits IRS in backscatter systems to passively modulate information in the radio-frequency domain and strengthen both the primary links and the backscatter links, provides a promising solution to address this issue. In this paper, we investigate the joint sensing, communication and computation for edge intelligence oriented symbiotic radio with IRS. Specifically, IRS not only enhances the primary communication to deliver the sensing data for wireless sensing devices, but also delivers the data from wired sensing device to the edge server by modulating the data on the primary communication signal. We formulate a problem to jointly optimize the sensing strategies (i.e., the sensing durations and the sensing rates), the communication strategies (i.e., the IRS reflecting matrix and the data uploading durations) and the computing strategies (i.e., the computing capacities of the wireless sensing devices and the edge server), with the objective of maximizing the energy efficiency of the whole system. An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated optimization problem, with sufficient numerical results provided to demonstrate the performance advantages.
{"title":"Joint Sensing, Communication and Computation for Edge Intelligence Oriented Symbiotic Communication With Intelligent Reflecting Surface","authors":"Ning Huang;Chenglong Dou;Yuan Wu;Liping Qian","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439589","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439589","url":null,"abstract":"Symbiotic radio, which exploits the benefits of passive communications and cognitive radio via backscattering or ambient reflecting, is a promising paradigm to support a large amount of Internet of Things devices with high spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. For edge intelligence, data collection from heterogeneous devices including wireless sensing devices and wired sensing devices brings challenge for efficient model training. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) based symbiotic radio, which exploits IRS in backscatter systems to passively modulate information in the radio-frequency domain and strengthen both the primary links and the backscatter links, provides a promising solution to address this issue. In this paper, we investigate the joint sensing, communication and computation for edge intelligence oriented symbiotic radio with IRS. Specifically, IRS not only enhances the primary communication to deliver the sensing data for wireless sensing devices, but also delivers the data from wired sensing device to the edge server by modulating the data on the primary communication signal. We formulate a problem to jointly optimize the sensing strategies (i.e., the sensing durations and the sensing rates), the communication strategies (i.e., the IRS reflecting matrix and the data uploading durations) and the computing strategies (i.e., the computing capacities of the wireless sensing devices and the edge server), with the objective of maximizing the energy efficiency of the whole system. An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated optimization problem, with sufficient numerical results provided to demonstrate the performance advantages.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1650-1662"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439628
Chao Ren;Yanglin Hu;Lei Sun;Haojin Li;Chen Sun;Haijun Zhang;Arumugam Nallanathan;Victor C. M. Leung
Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) possesses signal reception and energy-harvesting capabilities, allowing providing wireless cognition through simple energy detection. In typical applications like industrial Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive AmBC (CAmBC) networks are required to offer passive communication, edge computing, and cognition capabilities. However, passive communication relies on the environment and has limited computing power, creating interdependencies among spectrum sensing, networking, and computational cognition. Moreover, the heterogeneous evaluation metrics for communication and computation make unified planning and management challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes the integrated cognitive symbiotic computing-AmBC (CSC-AmBC) based on symbiotic communication and cognitive radio. CSC-AmBC integrates AmBC communication and computational cognition capabilities in a task-oriented manner, sharing proximity and AmBC computing and communication (ACC) resources among primary and secondary tasks. Meta-Link with Tokens and two cognitive ACC reuse models is used to facilitate integration and enhance task execution efficiency, which introduces Places to accommodate the heterogeneous and variable ACC resources. Additionally, the task execution gain metric is introduced to evaluate the multi-task ACC resource utilization. Numerical results validate the cognition networking and the advantage of the proposed task execution gain of CSC-AmBC.
{"title":"Integrated Cognitive Symbiotic Computing and Ambient Backscatter Communication Network","authors":"Chao Ren;Yanglin Hu;Lei Sun;Haojin Li;Chen Sun;Haijun Zhang;Arumugam Nallanathan;Victor C. M. Leung","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439628","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439628","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) possesses signal reception and energy-harvesting capabilities, allowing providing wireless cognition through simple energy detection. In typical applications like industrial Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive AmBC (CAmBC) networks are required to offer passive communication, edge computing, and cognition capabilities. However, passive communication relies on the environment and has limited computing power, creating interdependencies among spectrum sensing, networking, and computational cognition. Moreover, the heterogeneous evaluation metrics for communication and computation make unified planning and management challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes the integrated cognitive symbiotic computing-AmBC (CSC-AmBC) based on symbiotic communication and cognitive radio. CSC-AmBC integrates AmBC communication and computational cognition capabilities in a task-oriented manner, sharing proximity and AmBC computing and communication (ACC) resources among primary and secondary tasks. Meta-Link with Tokens and two cognitive ACC reuse models is used to facilitate integration and enhance task execution efficiency, which introduces Places to accommodate the heterogeneous and variable ACC resources. Additionally, the task execution gain metric is introduced to evaluate the multi-task ACC resource utilization. Numerical results validate the cognition networking and the advantage of the proposed task execution gain of CSC-AmBC.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1635-1649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439606
Hu Zhou;Ying-Chang Liang;Chau Yuen
In reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio (SR), an RIS is exploited to assist the primary system and to simultaneously operate as a secondary transmitter by modulating its own information over the incident primary signal from the air. Such an operation is called over-the-air modulation. The existing modulation schemes such as on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying suffer from two problems for joint detection of the primary and secondary signals in RIS-assisted SR, i.e., one is the detection ambiguity problem when the direct link is blocked, and the other is the bit error rate (BER) error-floor problem when the direct link is weak. To address the two problems, we propose a novel modulation scheme by dividing the phase-shift matrix into two parts: one is the assistance beamforming matrix for assisting the primary system and the other is the transmission beamforming matrix for delivering the secondary signal. To optimize the assistance and transmission beamforming matrices, we first introduce an assistance factor that describes the performance requirement of the primary system and then formulate a problem to minimize the BER of the secondary system, while guaranteeing the BER requirement of the primary system controlled by the assistance factor. To solve this non-convex problem, we resort to the successive convex approximation technique to obtain a suboptimal solution. Furthermore, to draw more insights, we propose a low-complexity assistance-transmission beamforming structure by borrowing the idea from the classic maximum ratio transmission and zero forcing techniques. Finally, simulation results reveal an interesting tradeoff between the BER performance of the primary and secondary systems by adjusting the assistance factor.
在可重新配置的智能表面（RIS）辅助共生无线电（SR）中，RIS 被用来辅助主系统，并同时作为辅助发射机运行，将自身信息调制在从空中入射的主信号上。这种操作称为空中调制。现有的调制方案（如开关键控和二进制相移键控）在 RIS 辅助 SR 中联合检测主信号和副信号时存在两个问题，一个是直接链路受阻时的检测模糊性问题，另一个是直接链路较弱时的误码率（BER）误差下限问题。为解决这两个问题，我们提出了一种新的调制方案，将移相矩阵分为两部分：一部分是辅助波束成形矩阵，用于辅助主系统；另一部分是传输波束成形矩阵，用于传输辅助信号。为了优化辅助波束成形矩阵和传输波束成形矩阵，我们首先引入一个辅助系数来描述主系统的性能要求，然后提出一个问题，在保证由辅助系数控制的主系统误码率要求的前提下，最小化辅助系统的误码率。为了解决这个非凸问题，我们采用了连续凸近似技术来获得次优解。此外，为了获得更多启示，我们借鉴了经典的最大比传输和零强迫技术，提出了一种低复杂度的辅助传输波束成形结构。最后，仿真结果表明，通过调整辅助系数，可以在主系统和辅助系统的误码率性能之间做出有趣的权衡。
{"title":"Over-the-Air Modulation for RIS-Assisted Symbiotic Radios: Design, Analysis, and Optimization","authors":"Hu Zhou;Ying-Chang Liang;Chau Yuen","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439606","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3439606","url":null,"abstract":"In reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio (SR), an RIS is exploited to assist the primary system and to simultaneously operate as a secondary transmitter by modulating its own information over the incident primary signal from the air. Such an operation is called over-the-air modulation. The existing modulation schemes such as on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying suffer from two problems for joint detection of the primary and secondary signals in RIS-assisted SR, i.e., one is the detection ambiguity problem when the direct link is blocked, and the other is the bit error rate (BER) error-floor problem when the direct link is weak. To address the two problems, we propose a novel modulation scheme by dividing the phase-shift matrix into two parts: one is the assistance beamforming matrix for assisting the primary system and the other is the transmission beamforming matrix for delivering the secondary signal. To optimize the assistance and transmission beamforming matrices, we first introduce an assistance factor that describes the performance requirement of the primary system and then formulate a problem to minimize the BER of the secondary system, while guaranteeing the BER requirement of the primary system controlled by the assistance factor. To solve this non-convex problem, we resort to the successive convex approximation technique to obtain a suboptimal solution. Furthermore, to draw more insights, we propose a low-complexity assistance-transmission beamforming structure by borrowing the idea from the classic maximum ratio transmission and zero forcing techniques. Finally, simulation results reveal an interesting tradeoff between the BER performance of the primary and secondary systems by adjusting the assistance factor.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1582-1596"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438350
Mengyu Liu;Hong Ren;Cunhua Pan;Boshi Wang;Zhiyuan Yu;Ruisong Weng;Kangda Zhi;Yongchao He
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has been considered as one of the key candidate technologies in the next-generation wireless communication systems. However, when radar and communication equipment coexist in the same system, i.e., radar-communication coexistence (RCC), the interference from communication systems to radar can be large and cannot be ignored. Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been introduced into RCC systems to reduce the interference. However, the “multiplicative fading” effect introduced by passive RIS limits its performance. To tackle this issue, we consider a double active RIS-assisted RCC system, which focuses on the design of the radar’s beamforming vector and the active RISs’ reflecting coefficient matrices, to maximize the achievable data rate of the communication system. The considered system needs to meet the radar detection constraint and the power budgets at the radar and the RISs. Since the problem is non-convex, we propose an algorithm based on the penalty dual decomposition (PDD) framework. Specifically, we initially introduce auxiliary variables to reformulate the coupled variables into equation constraints and incorporate these constraints into the objective function through the PDD framework. Then, we decouple the equivalent problem into several subproblems by invoking the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. Furthermore, we employ the Lagrange dual method to alternately optimize these subproblems. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the results also show that under the same power budget, deploying double active RISs in RCC systems can achieve higher data rate than those with single active RIS and double passive RISs.
{"title":"Joint Beamforming Design for Double Active RIS-Assisted Radar-Communication Coexistence Systems","authors":"Mengyu Liu;Hong Ren;Cunhua Pan;Boshi Wang;Zhiyuan Yu;Ruisong Weng;Kangda Zhi;Yongchao He","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438350","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438350","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has been considered as one of the key candidate technologies in the next-generation wireless communication systems. However, when radar and communication equipment coexist in the same system, i.e., radar-communication coexistence (RCC), the interference from communication systems to radar can be large and cannot be ignored. Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been introduced into RCC systems to reduce the interference. However, the “multiplicative fading” effect introduced by passive RIS limits its performance. To tackle this issue, we consider a double active RIS-assisted RCC system, which focuses on the design of the radar’s beamforming vector and the active RISs’ reflecting coefficient matrices, to maximize the achievable data rate of the communication system. The considered system needs to meet the radar detection constraint and the power budgets at the radar and the RISs. Since the problem is non-convex, we propose an algorithm based on the penalty dual decomposition (PDD) framework. Specifically, we initially introduce auxiliary variables to reformulate the coupled variables into equation constraints and incorporate these constraints into the objective function through the PDD framework. Then, we decouple the equivalent problem into several subproblems by invoking the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. Furthermore, we employ the Lagrange dual method to alternately optimize these subproblems. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the results also show that under the same power budget, deploying double active RISs in RCC systems can achieve higher data rate than those with single active RIS and double passive RISs.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1704-1717"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1109/tccn.2024.3438379
Changyuan Zhao, Hongyang Du, Dusit Niyato, Jiawen Kang, Zehui Xiong, Dong In Kim, Xuemin Shen, Khaled B. Letaief
{"title":"Generative AI for Secure Physical Layer Communications: A Survey","authors":"Changyuan Zhao, Hongyang Du, Dusit Niyato, Jiawen Kang, Zehui Xiong, Dong In Kim, Xuemin Shen, Khaled B. Letaief","doi":"10.1109/tccn.2024.3438379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2024.3438379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a novel backscatter modulation scheme, termed number and phase modulation (NPM), is proposed for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided symbiotic radio (SR). In RIS-NPM, the number and phase shifts of RIS elements are jointly utilized to carry backscatter information. A bit-mapping method is designed by using the two information-bearing units. We develop two types of maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors that are based on instantaneous and statistic channel state information, respectively. A low-complexity detector that achieves a trade-off between performance and complexity is then designed. Closed-form upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) are derived for both ML detectors over Rician fading channels. We further extend RIS-NPM to the scenario with multiple receive antennas, enhancing the spectral efficiency by embedding partial information into the antenna indices. For this extension, BER performance is analyzed by assuming energy-based ML detection. Computer simulations verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-NPM over the state-of-the-art RIS-based modulation schemes in SR.
本文为可重构智能表面（RIS）辅助共生无线电（SR）提出了一种新的反向散射调制方案，称为数相位调制（NPM）。在 RIS-NPM 中，RIS 元件的数移和相移共同用于携带反向散射信息。利用这两个信息承载单元设计了一种位映射方法。我们开发了两种分别基于瞬时和统计信道状态信息的最大似然（ML）检测器。然后设计了一种低复杂度检测器，在性能和复杂度之间实现了权衡。我们推导出了两种 ML 探测器在 Rician fading 信道上的误码率（BER）闭合上界。我们进一步将 RIS-NPM 扩展到多接收天线场景，通过将部分信息嵌入天线指数来提高频谱效率。针对这一扩展，我们通过假设基于能量的 ML 检测来分析误码率性能。计算机仿真验证了分析结果，并表明 RIS-NPM 优于 SR 中最先进的基于 RIS 的调制方案。
{"title":"RIS-Aided Symbiotic Radio: A Number and Phase Modulation Approach","authors":"Yehuai Feng;Qiang Li;Yingyang Chen;Qingqing Wu;Miaowen Wen","doi":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438461","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCCN.2024.3438461","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel backscatter modulation scheme, termed number and phase modulation (NPM), is proposed for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided symbiotic radio (SR). In RIS-NPM, the number and phase shifts of RIS elements are jointly utilized to carry backscatter information. A bit-mapping method is designed by using the two information-bearing units. We develop two types of maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors that are based on instantaneous and statistic channel state information, respectively. A low-complexity detector that achieves a trade-off between performance and complexity is then designed. Closed-form upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) are derived for both ML detectors over Rician fading channels. We further extend RIS-NPM to the scenario with multiple receive antennas, enhancing the spectral efficiency by embedding partial information into the antenna indices. For this extension, BER performance is analyzed by assuming energy-based ML detection. Computer simulations verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-NPM over the state-of-the-art RIS-based modulation schemes in SR.","PeriodicalId":13069,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking","volume":"10 5","pages":"1597-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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