These days, relics that used to have regional specificity tend to deviate from their specificity due to the active cultural property excavation research. It is necessary to recognize the newly identified area. Therefore, among the archaeological materials that strongly reflect regional specificity, we paid attention to the Miniature farming tools accumulated around the Geum River basin. The Miniature farming tools can be divided into ttabi type, cheolseo type, iron axe type, and sickle type. Data from the Geum River basin also show high excavation rates for Iron Axe type and sickle type, although the warm and cheolseo type are also identified. Cheoljun is one of the characteristic iron artifacts excavated from the Geum River basin. Compared to the Daegaya sphere, this was identified as a ttabi-type Miniature farming tool, and the plane shape and cross-sectional shape were considered to be more likely to have been produced under the influence of the Daegaya sphere rather than generated and produced within the Geum River basin. Iron axe-type Miniature farming tools are again divided into I-shaped and V-shaped in crosssectional form, and the I-shaped is the same as or similar to those confirmed in the Daegaya sphere, so it is thought to be highly relevant. On the other hand, the V-shaped is also excavated from the remains of the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, which is confirmed around the Geum River basin, and is similar to the form of Iron axe, which has been produced and used for a long time, so it is thought that the traditional method was inherited. Although there is a limit to linking data excavated from the Geum River basin with Miniature farming tools excavated from the Daegaya sphere, data that are likely to have been produced in a manner similar to that of the Daegaya sphere in both plane and cross-sectional shapes were identified. From these data, it can be seen that there are also data that are more likely to have flowed into Baekje sphere from Daegaya sphere than from Baekje sphere.
{"title":"Form and Characteristics of Miniature farming Tools in the Geum River Basin","authors":"Sangwon Lee","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2024.57.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2024.57.4","url":null,"abstract":"These days, relics that used to have regional specificity tend to deviate from their specificity due to the active cultural property excavation research. It is necessary to recognize the newly identified area. Therefore, among the archaeological materials that strongly reflect regional specificity, we paid attention to the Miniature farming tools accumulated around the Geum River basin. The Miniature farming tools can be divided into ttabi type, cheolseo type, iron axe type, and sickle type. Data from the Geum River basin also show high excavation rates for Iron Axe type and sickle type, although the warm and cheolseo type are also identified. Cheoljun is one of the characteristic iron artifacts excavated from the Geum River basin. Compared to the Daegaya sphere, this was identified as a ttabi-type Miniature farming tool, and the plane shape and cross-sectional shape were considered to be more likely to have been produced under the influence of the Daegaya sphere rather than generated and produced within the Geum River basin. Iron axe-type Miniature farming tools are again divided into I-shaped and V-shaped in crosssectional form, and the I-shaped is the same as or similar to those confirmed in the Daegaya sphere, so it is thought to be highly relevant. On the other hand, the V-shaped is also excavated from the remains of the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, which is confirmed around the Geum River basin, and is similar to the form of Iron axe, which has been produced and used for a long time, so it is thought that the traditional method was inherited. Although there is a limit to linking data excavated from the Geum River basin with Miniature farming tools excavated from the Daegaya sphere, data that are likely to have been produced in a manner similar to that of the Daegaya sphere in both plane and cross-sectional shapes were identified. From these data, it can be seen that there are also data that are more likely to have flowed into Baekje sphere from Daegaya sphere than from Baekje sphere.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of bone arrowheads discovered in prehistoric and early historic sites in Korean Peninsula and Northeast China. It tries to reanalyze the function of arrowheads that had been thought to be simple replacement of iron arrowheads and to find out the background of their use, the reason for its popularity, and the background of the extinction of bone arrowheads. This paper also compares bone arrowheads of Korean peninsula with those of Northeast China and discusses their similarities and differences. First of all, their nominal and numeric attributes are analyzed in order to understand their formal characteristics of bone arrowheads from Korea and Northeast China. Bone arrowheads of Korea can be divided by the presence or absence of the tang and can be divided into steptanged/non-step-tanged subtypes. Next, the relationship between the cross section of the bone arrowheads and the raw material was reviewed, and whether the cross section of the bone arrowheads reflects temporality was discussed. The width of most of the bone arrowheads discovered in Korea is below 1.1cm and is narrower than their contemporary stone and iron arrowheads. This difference may be related to their function. Bone arrowheads of Northeast China can be divided by the presence/absence of the tang and can be divided by the shape of their tips. The flat-tip-tanged arrowheads are most numerous subtype and may be related to the local environment of Northeast China where bamboo shaft was difficult to acquire. The width of most of the bone arrowhead discovered in Northeast China is below 1.1cm as in Korea and is narrower than their contemporary stone and iron arrowheads. Compared to the wide stone and iron arrowheads, the bone arrowheads is suitable for strike vital parts of the game such as heart or lung. The number of arrowheads with triangular cross section increased over time and the total length of bone arrowheads increases over time. This seems to contain an intention to increase penetrative power. The prevalence of the use of bone arrowheads after stone arrowheads is related to the spread of metal tools. It is concluded that bone arrowheads were not replacement of metal ones but improvement over earlier stone arrowheads as major types of arrowheads due to their better efficiency. Finally, by comparing the bone arrowheads of Korea and Northeast China, it is also suggested that environmental factors influenced mostly on the shape of bone arrowheads and cultural factors rather influenced on their prevalent time.
{"title":"A Study of the Bone Arrowheads from Korean Peninsula and Northeast China","authors":"Hyeryeong Lee","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.55.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.55.4","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of bone arrowheads discovered in prehistoric and early historic sites in Korean Peninsula and Northeast China. It tries to reanalyze the function of arrowheads that had been thought to be simple replacement of iron arrowheads and to find out the background of their use, the reason for its popularity, and the background of the extinction of bone arrowheads. This paper also compares bone arrowheads of Korean peninsula with those of Northeast China and discusses their similarities and differences. \u0000First of all, their nominal and numeric attributes are analyzed in order to understand their formal characteristics of bone arrowheads from Korea and Northeast China. Bone arrowheads of Korea can be divided by the presence or absence of the tang and can be divided into steptanged/non-step-tanged subtypes. Next, the relationship between the cross section of the bone arrowheads and the raw material was reviewed, and whether the cross section of the bone arrowheads reflects temporality was discussed. The width of most of the bone arrowheads discovered in Korea is below 1.1cm and is narrower than their contemporary stone and iron arrowheads. This difference may be related to their function. Bone arrowheads of Northeast China can be divided by the presence/absence of the tang and can be divided by the shape of their tips. The flat-tip-tanged arrowheads are most numerous subtype and may be related to the local environment of Northeast China where bamboo shaft was difficult to acquire. The width of most of the bone arrowhead discovered in Northeast China is below 1.1cm as in Korea and is narrower than their contemporary stone and iron arrowheads. \u0000Compared to the wide stone and iron arrowheads, the bone arrowheads is suitable for strike vital parts of the game such as heart or lung. The number of arrowheads with triangular cross section increased over time and the total length of bone arrowheads increases over time. This seems to contain an intention to increase penetrative power. The prevalence of the use of bone arrowheads after stone arrowheads is related to the spread of metal tools. It is concluded that bone arrowheads were not replacement of metal ones but improvement over earlier stone arrowheads as major types of arrowheads due to their better efficiency. Finally, by comparing the bone arrowheads of Korea and Northeast China, it is also suggested that environmental factors influenced mostly on the shape of bone arrowheads and cultural factors rather influenced on their prevalent time.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121816227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.55.56
Hyunsoo Lee
This The palace is a formal structure representing the authority of the king and can be said to be the largest complex building group since ancient times. Ancient countries in Northeast Asia generally used ancient Chinese palaces as models and built palaces, and various norms and rituals were applied. However, since differences in perception of nature, topographical conditions, and differences in the use of tools and living customs cannot be excluded, a review based on the topography and environment of the area is needed in the construction of the royal palace. Therefore, the structure and hierarchy of royal palace-related buildings in Gongsanseong Castle, which is the Castle of Woongjin in Baekje, need to be judged on the premise of understanding the use and location of space using natural terrain. In particular, in the case of ground buildings, it is difficult to grasp the superstructure based on archaeological investigations, so there is a limit to the hierarchical review of ancient architecture defined by the system. Accordingly, based on the size and structure of the building site in the Woongjin period Baekje Castle, and the spatial compartment that can be identified in the arrangement of the building within the unit space, we tried to understand the changes and hierarchies of the building site in the Woongjin period of Baekje. First of all, the biggest changes in the building site in Baekje's Castle during the Woongjin period include a ground building, standardization of plane structure and scale, and spatial composition by compartments. Although the size of the building site has been miniaturized compared to the Hanseong period, it can be seen that the grounding of the building has been stably carried out based on the wooden structure. The structure of the building site shows that the Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and the Gulipju-building(굴립주건물) in the early Woongjin period are expanded from the initial planar structure to the side, resulting in space division and enlargement by the compartment. The hierarchy of Baekje building sites during the Woongjin period can be divided around location, plan and size, and left direction. As for the location, planned building arrangements were made after the site was divided by infrastructure such as roads and drainage channels to overcome the limitations of the topography such as hilly lines and lowlands. It can be inferred that the space was controlled in the left-facing arrangement that conformed to the location and land of the building, and the spatial composition and hierarchy according to the function were distinguished. The floor plan of the building is divided into a square Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and a Gulipju-building(굴립주건물). The distribution of buildings differs between the central building group and the surrounding building group. In the ruins related to the royal palace in the south of Gongbukru(공북루), the space is divided into five stages of land, and the land gradually increases. In addition
{"title":"Changes in Plan and Hierarchy in the Building of the Woongjin period of Baekje","authors":"Hyunsoo Lee","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.55.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.55.56","url":null,"abstract":"This The palace is a formal structure representing the authority of the king and can be said to be the largest complex building group since ancient times. Ancient countries in Northeast Asia generally used ancient Chinese palaces as models and built palaces, and various norms and rituals were applied. \u0000However, since differences in perception of nature, topographical conditions, and differences in the use of tools and living customs cannot be excluded, a review based on the topography and environment of the area is needed in the construction of the royal palace. Therefore, the structure and hierarchy of royal palace-related buildings in Gongsanseong Castle, which is the Castle of Woongjin in Baekje, need to be judged on the premise of understanding the use and location of space using natural terrain. In particular, in the case of ground buildings, it is difficult to grasp the superstructure based on archaeological investigations, so there is a limit to the hierarchical review of ancient architecture defined by the system. Accordingly, based on the size and structure of the building site in the Woongjin period Baekje Castle, and the spatial compartment that can be identified in the arrangement of the building within the unit space, we tried to understand the changes and hierarchies of the building site in the Woongjin period of Baekje. \u0000First of all, the biggest changes in the building site in Baekje's Castle during the Woongjin period include a ground building, standardization of plane structure and scale, and spatial composition by compartments. Although the size of the building site has been miniaturized compared to the Hanseong period, it can be seen that the grounding of the building has been stably carried out based on the wooden structure. The structure of the building site shows that the Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and the Gulipju-building(굴립주건물) in the early Woongjin period are expanded from the initial planar structure to the side, resulting in space division and enlargement by the compartment. \u0000The hierarchy of Baekje building sites during the Woongjin period can be divided around location, plan and size, and left direction. As for the location, planned building arrangements were made after the site was divided by infrastructure such as roads and drainage channels to overcome the limitations of the topography such as hilly lines and lowlands. It can be inferred that the space was controlled in the left-facing arrangement that conformed to the location and land of the building, and the spatial composition and hierarchy according to the function were distinguished. The floor plan of the building is divided into a square Byeokju-building(벽주건물) and a Gulipju-building(굴립주건물). \u0000The distribution of buildings differs between the central building group and the surrounding building group. In the ruins related to the royal palace in the south of Gongbukru(공북루), the space is divided into five stages of land, and the land gradually increases. In addition","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.55.36
Yongwook Yoo, Kayoung Kim, Kyungtaek Shin, Jinul Kim, Minsoo Kim
A new palaeolithic locality, the Sannori Site, was discovered in the course of excavating the features of Bronze Age and later Joseon period in the Nonsan City area. The sediments of the Sannori site contain, as well as small numbers of lithic artifacts, several wedge-shaped cracks indicative of the cold and dry Upper Pleistocene environment of the Korean Peninsula. The lithic specimens demonstrate very primitive and unpatterned(Mode 1) modification and were retrieved from surface or out of their primary contexts. Henceforth, the reliable age of the lithic specimens are not currently crystal-clear. The calculated OSL dates indicates the artifact-containing sediments were formed earlier than the MIS 5 though, and possibly during the MIS 6 or far older dates. While there lacks archaeological evidence undisputedly older than MIS 5 in Korea, the Sannori site and its lithic speciments adumbrates the earlier occupation of hominin before the last interglacial. It is anticipated that more well-preserved and reliable archaeological record will be discovered around the inner Hoseo area and can furnish an explicatory background to demonstrate when and how the initial hominin occupation of the Korean Peninsula occurred.
{"title":"A speculation on the Mid-Pleistocene Hominin occupation of the Korean peninsula: A new discovery from the Sannori site at Nonsan City","authors":"Yongwook Yoo, Kayoung Kim, Kyungtaek Shin, Jinul Kim, Minsoo Kim","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.55.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.55.36","url":null,"abstract":"A new palaeolithic locality, the Sannori Site, was discovered in the course of excavating the features of Bronze Age and later Joseon period in the Nonsan City area. The sediments of the Sannori site contain, as well as small numbers of lithic artifacts, several wedge-shaped cracks indicative of the cold and dry Upper Pleistocene environment of the Korean Peninsula. The lithic specimens demonstrate very primitive and unpatterned(Mode 1) modification and were retrieved from surface or out of their primary contexts. Henceforth, the reliable age of the lithic specimens are not currently crystal-clear. The calculated OSL dates indicates the artifact-containing sediments were formed earlier than the MIS 5 though, and possibly during the MIS 6 or far older dates. While there lacks archaeological evidence undisputedly older than MIS 5 in Korea, the Sannori site and its lithic speciments adumbrates the earlier occupation of hominin before the last interglacial. It is anticipated that more well-preserved and reliable archaeological record will be discovered around the inner Hoseo area and can furnish an explicatory background to demonstrate when and how the initial hominin occupation of the Korean Peninsula occurred.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125338748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper was written for the purpose of presenting an explanatory framework for the relationship with the Top-shaped pottery culture in the process of developing the Bronze Age culture in South Korea region. Accordingly, it was described based on an overall understanding of the shape and distribution aspect of the Top-shaped pottery found in the Taedong River-Han River basin. First, a typology was conducted on the Top-shaped pottery in Pyongyang, Pyeongannam-do, and Hwanghae-do, which are the central distribution areas of the Top-shaped pottery culture. The form was classified into jar-shaped and necked jar-shaped and individual attributes were extracted by paying attention to the shape of pottery. Next, in order to examine the progress in the shape of artifacts and features based on the order of dwellig along with the verification of the Top-shaped pottery classification, the settlement in the Taedong River basin, where dwelling overlap was confirmed, were reviewed. By aggregating pottery classification and settlement examination, the features excavated from the Top-shaped pottery were seriated, and finally, the Top-shaped pottery culture was divided into four stages. Next, the analysis of the Top-shaped pottery in the South Korean region was conducted by paying attention to the shape of pottery and the method of processing the rim in order to understand the parallel relationship with the North Korean region. The Top-shaped pottery in South Korea region was identified from the second stage, and the gradual spread process to Yeoncheon, Ganghwa Gimpo, Incheon Bukhangang River basin could be assumed. When paying attention to the distribution of these stages, the distribution range of the Topshaped pottery culture gradually changes, and at the same time, differences in the shape of the Top-shaped pottery are observed depending on the region. As described above, regional deviation detected in the settlement aspect of the Top-shaped pottery culture and the shape of the Top-shaped pottery is believed to reflect the character and intensity of the spread of the Top-shaped pottery culture in South Korea region.
{"title":"Types and Changes of Top-shaped Pottery in the Taedong River-Han River Basin","authors":"Jin-Dong Cho","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper was written for the purpose of presenting an explanatory framework for the relationship with the Top-shaped pottery culture in the process of developing the Bronze Age culture in South Korea region. Accordingly, it was described based on an overall understanding of the shape and distribution aspect of the Top-shaped pottery found in the Taedong River-Han River basin. \u0000First, a typology was conducted on the Top-shaped pottery in Pyongyang, Pyeongannam-do, and Hwanghae-do, which are the central distribution areas of the Top-shaped pottery culture. \u0000The form was classified into jar-shaped and necked jar-shaped and individual attributes were extracted by paying attention to the shape of pottery. Next, in order to examine the progress in the shape of artifacts and features based on the order of dwellig along with the verification of the Top-shaped pottery classification, the settlement in the Taedong River basin, where dwelling overlap was confirmed, were reviewed. By aggregating pottery classification and settlement examination, the features excavated from the Top-shaped pottery were seriated, and finally, the Top-shaped pottery culture was divided into four stages. \u0000Next, the analysis of the Top-shaped pottery in the South Korean region was conducted by paying attention to the shape of pottery and the method of processing the rim in order to understand the parallel relationship with the North Korean region. The Top-shaped pottery in South Korea region was identified from the second stage, and the gradual spread process to Yeoncheon, Ganghwa Gimpo, Incheon Bukhangang River basin could be assumed. \u0000When paying attention to the distribution of these stages, the distribution range of the Topshaped pottery culture gradually changes, and at the same time, differences in the shape of the Top-shaped pottery are observed depending on the region. As described above, regional deviation detected in the settlement aspect of the Top-shaped pottery culture and the shape of the Top-shaped pottery is believed to reflect the character and intensity of the spread of the Top-shaped pottery culture in South Korea region.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131785593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.54.244
Hyunyoung Kim
The aim of the current study is to analyse major crop and arable weed plant material from three archaeological sites, Tell Mohammed ‘Arab, Tell Brak and Alalakh in order to investigate crop husbandry and agricultural strategies across the northern Fertile Crescent in especially the Late Bronze Age of the second millennium BC. The existing models require agricultural output to increase substantially over a period of several thousand years. With some recent exceptions, how this was achieved, whether by increasing the area of land under cultivation (extensification) or the amount produced per unit of land, by increasing inputs in terms of soil working, water and/or fertiliser (intensification), has not been established to any reasonable extent based on the remains of crop production themselves. The new data on crop spectra and associated arable weed taxa is analysed using weed functional ecology and crop stable isotope analysis, which provide direct evidence of crop growing conditions and consequently the nature of land management practices. The reconstruction of ancient crop husbandry practices drawn from weed functional ecology and crop stable isotope results demonstrates that contemporary farmers endeavoured to promote agricultural output by increasing the unit of land under cultivation rather than by increasing the amount produced per area of land, inputs in terms of soil working or water and/or fertiliser. The archaeobotanical assemblages provide a certain diversity of cropping strategies and relatively extensive/low-intensity regimes, depending especially on settlement scale. Overall, a strong correlation is observed among these different dimensions of agricultural activity, urbanisation cycles and environmental settings.
当前研究的目的是分析三个考古遗址，Tell Mohammed ' Arab, Tell Brak和Alalakh的主要作物和可耕地杂草植物材料，以调查北部肥沃新月的作物养殖和农业战略，特别是公元前第二个千年的青铜时代晚期。现有的模式要求农业产量在几千年的时间里大幅度增加。除了最近的一些例外，如何实现这一目标，无论是通过增加耕地面积(扩大)还是通过增加每单位土地的产量，通过增加土壤、水和/或肥料的投入(加强)，都没有在任何合理的程度上根据作物生产本身的残余确定。利用杂草功能生态学和作物稳定同位素分析对作物光谱和相关耕地杂草分类群的新数据进行了分析，为作物生长条件和土地管理实践的性质提供了直接证据。根据杂草功能生态学和作物稳定同位素结果对古代作物畜牧业的重建表明，当代农民努力通过增加耕地单位来提高农业产量，而不是通过增加每面积土地的产量、土壤工作或水和/或肥料方面的投入。考古植物组合提供了一定多样性的种植策略和相对粗放/低强度的制度，特别是取决于定居规模。总体而言，在农业活动、城市化周期和环境环境的这些不同维度之间观察到很强的相关性。
{"title":"Crop husbandry and agricultural strategies of early urban systems in the northern Fertile Crescent of the Bronze Age","authors":"Hyunyoung Kim","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.244","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study is to analyse major crop and arable weed plant material from three archaeological sites, Tell Mohammed ‘Arab, Tell Brak and Alalakh in order to investigate crop husbandry and agricultural strategies across the northern Fertile Crescent in especially the Late Bronze Age of the second millennium BC. The existing models require agricultural output to increase substantially over a period of several thousand years. With some recent exceptions, how this was achieved, whether by increasing the area of land under cultivation (extensification) or the amount produced per unit of land, by increasing inputs in terms of soil working, water and/or fertiliser (intensification), has not been established to any reasonable extent based on the remains of crop production themselves. The new data on crop spectra and associated arable weed taxa is analysed using weed functional ecology and crop stable isotope analysis, which provide direct evidence of crop growing conditions and consequently the nature of land management practices. The reconstruction of ancient crop husbandry practices drawn from weed functional ecology and crop stable isotope results demonstrates that contemporary farmers endeavoured to promote agricultural output by increasing the unit of land under cultivation rather than by increasing the amount produced per area of land, inputs in terms of soil working or water and/or fertiliser. The archaeobotanical assemblages provide a certain diversity of cropping strategies and relatively extensive/low-intensity regimes, depending especially on settlement scale. Overall, a strong correlation is observed among these different dimensions of agricultural activity, urbanisation cycles and environmental settings.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.54.87
Tae-Sang Jeong
In this study, the ‘pit tomb with ditch’ built around them in midwestern regions were collectively referred to as ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’, and tried to understand the development and characteristics of ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. First of all, 15 types were derived by combining the elements of burial facility, mound, ditches, and burial type. which were judged to be the components showing the characteristics of the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’. And based on the artifacts that show remarkable changes over time, the creation period of the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ was divided into three periods, and the appearance, development and regionality of the ‘Jugutogwangmyo’ were examined. As a result, the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ in the mid-western region was a tomb that appeared due to the introduction of a new burial concept of creating a large mound and had the essential characteristics of wooden coffin, mound, and ditches, It was confirmed that it appeared in the mid-western region in the mid-2nd century AD. Since then, The spread of ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ throughout the Midwest region saw the adoption of new burial facilities such as partitioned wooden coffins, detached wooden coffins, and wooden chambers. Horizontal expansion aspects, such as the joint expansion of ditches or joint burials, and vertical expansion aspects, such as multi-burial burials within mounds, also appeared. These factors differed according to each region and regional center. The burial artifacts were largely divided into two parts: the inland areas and the west coast area, but burial artifacts with regional characteristics were also identified for each regional center. Through this, the background of the establishment and development of the central and western regions ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ can be largely attributed to the influx of cultural and human resources through the major transportation routes of the inland areas and coastal area. It can also be seen that selective cultural adoption occurred through a sort of choice by accepting specific artifacts based on the circumstance of each regional center. This shows that the society in the central and western regions during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period was very dynamic, and the regional centers identified here can also be related to the location of Mahan's small state.
{"title":"A Study on Development and Locality of Jugu-Togwangmyo in Midwest Region","authors":"Tae-Sang Jeong","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.87","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the ‘pit tomb with ditch’ built around them in midwestern regions were collectively referred to as ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’, and tried to understand the development and characteristics of ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. \u0000First of all, 15 types were derived by combining the elements of burial facility, mound, ditches, and burial type. which were judged to be the components showing the characteristics of the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’. And based on the artifacts that show remarkable changes over time, the creation period of the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ was divided into three periods, and the appearance, development and regionality of the ‘Jugutogwangmyo’ were examined. \u0000As a result, the ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ in the mid-western region was a tomb that appeared due to the introduction of a new burial concept of creating a large mound and had the essential characteristics of wooden coffin, mound, and ditches, It was confirmed that it appeared in the mid-western region in the mid-2nd century AD. \u0000Since then, The spread of ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ throughout the Midwest region saw the adoption of new burial facilities such as partitioned wooden coffins, detached wooden coffins, and wooden chambers. Horizontal expansion aspects, such as the joint expansion of ditches or joint burials, and vertical expansion aspects, such as multi-burial burials within mounds, also appeared. These factors differed according to each region and regional center. The burial artifacts were largely divided into two parts: the inland areas and the west coast area, but burial artifacts with regional characteristics were also identified for each regional center. \u0000Through this, the background of the establishment and development of the central and western regions ‘Jugu-Togwangmyo’ can be largely attributed to the influx of cultural and human resources through the major transportation routes of the inland areas and coastal area. It can also be seen that selective cultural adoption occurred through a sort of choice by accepting specific artifacts based on the circumstance of each regional center. \u0000This shows that the society in the central and western regions during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period was very dynamic, and the regional centers identified here can also be related to the location of Mahan's small state.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129376577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.54.125
Yeong-Hwan Choi
Donghae Songjeong-dong remains have been known as the important remains with regard to iron manufacture in the eastern region of Korea, but they have not been fully explored. This study aggregated and re-examined the artifacts related with iron manufacture, excavated at Songjeong-dong remains, and the results of metallurgical analysis. Archaeological materials include blast pipe, crucible, and furnace bottom, and the metallurgical analysis examined Songjeong-dong District Ⅱ and the remains of the trunk road site. The blast pipe is categorized into two types based on the caliber and thickness, and type Ⅱ was the same as the ones found among the articles excavated at Gapyeong Majang-ri remains. The crucible was the one used to produce cast ironware. The shape of the smelting furnace could be restored based on the examination of the furnace bottom. Results from metallurgical analysis evidenced the smelting technology. Also, they also showed the progress of iron-making technology such as the introduction of the blast pipe for smelting and the cast ironware production technology. It is presumed that this iron-making technology was transmitted from the western region of Korea to the eastern region.
{"title":"A Study on the Progress of Iron-making Technology Development Identified at Donghae Songjeong-dong Remains","authors":"Yeong-Hwan Choi","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.125","url":null,"abstract":"Donghae Songjeong-dong remains have been known as the important remains with regard to iron manufacture in the eastern region of Korea, but they have not been fully explored. \u0000This study aggregated and re-examined the artifacts related with iron manufacture, excavated at Songjeong-dong remains, and the results of metallurgical analysis. \u0000Archaeological materials include blast pipe, crucible, and furnace bottom, and the metallurgical analysis examined Songjeong-dong District Ⅱ and the remains of the trunk road site. The blast pipe is categorized into two types based on the caliber and thickness, and type Ⅱ was the same as the ones found among the articles excavated at Gapyeong Majang-ri remains. The crucible was the one used to produce cast ironware. The shape of the smelting furnace could be restored based on the examination of the furnace bottom. Results from metallurgical analysis evidenced the smelting technology. \u0000Also, they also showed the progress of iron-making technology such as the introduction of the blast pipe for smelting and the cast ironware production technology. It is presumed that this iron-making technology was transmitted from the western region of Korea to the eastern region.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114935388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.54.44
K. Oh
The dwelling cluster of Jungdo-dong is largely divided into six stages and eight periodization. The period from the Stage I(11th century BC) to the Stage Ⅲ(9th century BC) in Jungdo-dong was characterized by a combination of raised band decoration pottery, doublerimmed vessel, and rounded bottom upright rimmed pottery; a small-sized plain pit hearth dwelling and a medium and large-sized stone-lined hearth dwelling are combined in the Stage I(11th century BC), a large-sized stone-lined hearth dwelling and a plain pit hearth dwelling in the Stage Ⅱ(10th century BC), and lastly a small-sized plain pit health dwelling in the Stage Ⅲ (9th century BC). In addition to the small-sized plain pit hearth dwelling and the rim perforation decorated pottery, mandolin-shaped bronze daggers, various stone daggers, stone spearheads, stone arrowheads, etc. are associated in the Stage Ⅳ-1 (6th century BC), but in the Stage Ⅳ-2(5th century BC), the compacted medium-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, and artifacts similar to those of the Stage Ⅳ-1 are associated. The compacted large-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, etc. are combined in the Stage Ⅴ-1(4th century BC), the compacted middle-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, the round attached-rim vessel, etc. in the Stage Ⅴ-2 (early to late 3rd century BC), and lastly the small-sized plain pit hearth, the hearth-free dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, the round attached-rim vessel, etc. in the Stage Ⅵ(late 3rd century BC to mid 2nd century BC). The dwelling cluster of Jungdo-dong reached its peak in the Stage Ⅳ-2, which was clearly evident from the fact that the dwelling cluster in the Stage occupied 47% of the total area of Jungdodong. The small-sized dwelling cluster in the Stage I had the smallest proportion, which was associated with the dwelling left over from the seasonal and temporary economic activities of the raised band decoration pottery group.
{"title":"Periodization and Development of a Dwelling Cluster in Jungdo-dong, Chuncheon in the Bronze Age","authors":"K. Oh","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.44","url":null,"abstract":"The dwelling cluster of Jungdo-dong is largely divided into six stages and eight periodization. The period from the Stage I(11th century BC) to the Stage Ⅲ(9th century BC) in Jungdo-dong was characterized by a combination of raised band decoration pottery, doublerimmed vessel, and rounded bottom upright rimmed pottery; a small-sized plain pit hearth dwelling and a medium and large-sized stone-lined hearth dwelling are combined in the Stage I(11th century BC), a large-sized stone-lined hearth dwelling and a plain pit hearth dwelling in the Stage Ⅱ(10th century BC), and lastly a small-sized plain pit health dwelling in the Stage Ⅲ (9th century BC). In addition to the small-sized plain pit hearth dwelling and the rim perforation decorated pottery, mandolin-shaped bronze daggers, various stone daggers, stone spearheads, stone arrowheads, etc. are associated in the Stage Ⅳ-1 (6th century BC), but in the Stage Ⅳ-2(5th century BC), the compacted medium-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, and artifacts similar to those of the Stage Ⅳ-1 are associated. \u0000The compacted large-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, etc. are combined in the Stage Ⅴ-1(4th century BC), the compacted middle-sized clay surface, the plain pit hearth dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, the round attached-rim vessel, etc. in the Stage Ⅴ-2 (early to late 3rd century BC), and lastly the small-sized plain pit hearth, the hearth-free dwelling, the rim perforation decorated pottery, the round attached-rim vessel, etc. in the Stage Ⅵ(late 3rd century BC to mid 2nd century BC). The dwelling cluster of Jungdo-dong reached its peak in the Stage Ⅳ-2, which was clearly evident from the fact that the dwelling cluster in the Stage occupied 47% of the total area of Jungdodong. \u0000The small-sized dwelling cluster in the Stage I had the smallest proportion, which was associated with the dwelling left over from the seasonal and temporary economic activities of the raised band decoration pottery group.","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"11 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124949003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.34268/hskk.2023.54.214
H. Lee, Jungchul Lee
Ganghwa Island is located in the area where the Han river meets the West sea in Korea. The area of the island is 305.75㎢ which is the 5th largest island. In Ganghwa Island, a number of cultural heritage are located; one third of nationally or regionally designated cultural heritage are in the island among the designated heritage in Incheon. It means the cultural heritage would be a important resource for the local society. Among the important cultural heritage in the island, Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) is a significant heritage to show the history and culture of the island as a defense facilities surrounding the whole the island. Ganghwa island was a security and safety place for the Joseon Dynasty since the Manchu war of 1636 and place where Joseon faced the western imperialism in the 19th century. In these all historic events, Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) was a significant role to defend the Korean peninsula against the external forces. This paper attempts to suggest the strategies to preserve and use of the value of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification). For this, academic research and documents of repair and restoration are explored and the present condition of the sites was examined for the 15 sites of Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) including use of the sites. As a result, some issues are identified about the lack of academic investigation and study for the management, authenticity and integrity, management of landscape and use programmes. In order to manage the value of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification), the first step would be the scientific excavation on the sites to gather information for repair and restoration. It is also expected that the information will be contributed reconsideration for re-designation of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) as a serial property. Based on these study and the administrative support will develop the use programmes for the cultural resources as well as Ganghwa Dondae(fortification).
{"title":"A Study on the Preservation Situation and Utilization Plan of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification): Focusing on City-designated Cultural Properties","authors":"H. Lee, Jungchul Lee","doi":"10.34268/hskk.2023.54.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34268/hskk.2023.54.214","url":null,"abstract":"Ganghwa Island is located in the area where the Han river meets the West sea in Korea. The area of the island is 305.75㎢ which is the 5th largest island. In Ganghwa Island, a number of cultural heritage are located; one third of nationally or regionally designated cultural heritage are in the island among the designated heritage in Incheon. It means the cultural heritage would be a important resource for the local society. Among the important cultural heritage in the island, Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) is a significant heritage to show the history and culture of the island as a defense facilities surrounding the whole the island. Ganghwa island was a security and safety place for the Joseon Dynasty since the Manchu war of 1636 and place where Joseon faced the western imperialism in the 19th century. In these all historic events, Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) was a significant role to defend the Korean peninsula against the external forces. \u0000This paper attempts to suggest the strategies to preserve and use of the value of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification). For this, academic research and documents of repair and restoration are explored and the present condition of the sites was examined for the 15 sites of Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) including use of the sites. As a result, some issues are identified about the lack of academic investigation and study for the management, authenticity and integrity, management of landscape and use programmes. \u0000In order to manage the value of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification), the first step would be the scientific excavation on the sites to gather information for repair and restoration. It is also expected that the information will be contributed reconsideration for re-designation of the Ganghwa Dondae(fortification) as a serial property. Based on these study and the administrative support will develop the use programmes for the cultural resources as well as Ganghwa Dondae(fortification).","PeriodicalId":131051,"journal":{"name":"The hoseo Archaeological Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130315097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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