Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092363
Dalal Baroud, Ali N. Hasan, T. Shongwe
For the past many years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have shown powerful performance in many applications. In this paper, the usage of ANNs in pattern recognition (discriminant analysis) have been studied and examined. For the purpose of detecting noise that presents in OFDM signals after being transmitted over a PLC channel, two classification learners were proposed. These classifiers are multiclass support vector machines (SVMs) with the error-correcting output codes (ECOC) and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). A training dataset of 5,000 randomly generated signals transmitted over PLC channels, where each received signal is associated with its category based on its amplitude, was used to train the proposed classifiers. The purpose of this study was to decide on the optimum classification scheme among the proposed methods in terms of computational cost and classification accuracy. In general, our research demonstrated that our proposed algorithms trained on the PLC signals features achieved high classification accuracy, for instance the PNN obtained classification accuracy of 94.3% whilst the classification accuracy produced by the SVM using fine Gaussian kernel function was 96.4%. Therefore, they can be viewed as robust supervised classification learners.
{"title":"The Use of Multiclass Support Vector Machines and Probabilistic Neural Networks for Signal Classification and Noise Detection in PLC/OFDM Channels","authors":"Dalal Baroud, Ali N. Hasan, T. Shongwe","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092363","url":null,"abstract":"For the past many years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have shown powerful performance in many applications. In this paper, the usage of ANNs in pattern recognition (discriminant analysis) have been studied and examined. For the purpose of detecting noise that presents in OFDM signals after being transmitted over a PLC channel, two classification learners were proposed. These classifiers are multiclass support vector machines (SVMs) with the error-correcting output codes (ECOC) and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). A training dataset of 5,000 randomly generated signals transmitted over PLC channels, where each received signal is associated with its category based on its amplitude, was used to train the proposed classifiers. The purpose of this study was to decide on the optimum classification scheme among the proposed methods in terms of computational cost and classification accuracy. In general, our research demonstrated that our proposed algorithms trained on the PLC signals features achieved high classification accuracy, for instance the PNN obtained classification accuracy of 94.3% whilst the classification accuracy produced by the SVM using fine Gaussian kernel function was 96.4%. Therefore, they can be viewed as robust supervised classification learners.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122195285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092337
M. Božanić, S. Sinha
The process of research and design of circuits for operation in the millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) regimes is often considered more of an art than a structured approach. In this paper, key considerations in the design of millimeter-wave and THz integrated circuits are identified, which allow methodologies for the design of any of the key millimeter-wave and THz transceiver subsystems to be developed, thereby introducing a structured methodology that can be used in both research (academia) and design (industry). Furthermore, in a case study, a step-by-step design methodology for cascode low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) is derived. This case study provides an example to be followed in order to adapt the methodology to other LNA configurations, as well as to any other subsystems in millimeter-wave and THz transceivers.
{"title":"Methodologies for Design of Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Integrated Circuits: An LNA Case Study","authors":"M. Božanić, S. Sinha","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092337","url":null,"abstract":"The process of research and design of circuits for operation in the millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) regimes is often considered more of an art than a structured approach. In this paper, key considerations in the design of millimeter-wave and THz integrated circuits are identified, which allow methodologies for the design of any of the key millimeter-wave and THz transceiver subsystems to be developed, thereby introducing a structured methodology that can be used in both research (academia) and design (industry). Furthermore, in a case study, a step-by-step design methodology for cascode low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) is derived. This case study provides an example to be followed in order to adapt the methodology to other LNA configurations, as well as to any other subsystems in millimeter-wave and THz transceivers.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116872193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092366
R. Sotner, Ondrej Domansky, L. Langhammer, J. Petrzela
This paper compares several ways of electronic resistance control for tunable applications (filters, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.). Simulation (PSpice) and experimental tests of basic J-FET transistor-based adjustable resistor, optocoupler as well as more advanced active solutions using active devices (variable gain amplifiers, voltage-mode multiplier) are performed in order to see available linear range, readjustability range and expected frequency features.
{"title":"Comparison of Simple Design Methods for Voltage Controllable Resistance","authors":"R. Sotner, Ondrej Domansky, L. Langhammer, J. Petrzela","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092366","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares several ways of electronic resistance control for tunable applications (filters, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.). Simulation (PSpice) and experimental tests of basic J-FET transistor-based adjustable resistor, optocoupler as well as more advanced active solutions using active devices (variable gain amplifiers, voltage-mode multiplier) are performed in order to see available linear range, readjustability range and expected frequency features.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092342
K. Pitaš, L. Rejfek, T. N. Nguyen, L. Beran, Phuong T. Tran, O. Fiser
This document describes automatic classification of targets detected by the FMICW radar. These targets are counted and sorted to three groups (incoming, outgoing and static targets). We derived this information from the output of the neural network which marked the targets in 2D spectrum. The additional neural network has five layers. The first layer is used for the suppression of the targets with even numbers of points, which causes problems during the symmetry detection. The second and third layers detect the symmetry in the dimension (vertical or horizontal). The fourth layer checks out if the symmetry is in both dimensions and if the detection is not a false alert caused by the constellation of the targets. The fifth layer contains only 4 neurons and this layer is used for counting of the targets and classification of the targets (if they are static, incoming or outgoing). The neural network is composed of a simple block for the easy implementation on the FPGA.
{"title":"FMICW Radar Target Classification By Neural Network","authors":"K. Pitaš, L. Rejfek, T. N. Nguyen, L. Beran, Phuong T. Tran, O. Fiser","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092342","url":null,"abstract":"This document describes automatic classification of targets detected by the FMICW radar. These targets are counted and sorted to three groups (incoming, outgoing and static targets). We derived this information from the output of the neural network which marked the targets in 2D spectrum. The additional neural network has five layers. The first layer is used for the suppression of the targets with even numbers of points, which causes problems during the symmetry detection. The second and third layers detect the symmetry in the dimension (vertical or horizontal). The fourth layer checks out if the symmetry is in both dimensions and if the detection is not a false alert caused by the constellation of the targets. The fifth layer contains only 4 neurons and this layer is used for counting of the targets and classification of the targets (if they are static, incoming or outgoing). The neural network is composed of a simple block for the easy implementation on the FPGA.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123861551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092398
Jakub Kaderka, T. Urbanec
GPS receivers provide very precise Pulse Per Second (PPS) signal. A simple low cost method of time synchronization for RTL-SDR receivers using such GPS time signal is described. The PPS signal is injected into an IF stage of the RTL-SDR and detected by correlation of an expected signal shape and the measured data. The accuracy of such pulse detection algorithm is in the worst case 5 samples or up to 2.1 µs when using highest useful receiver sample rate of 2.4 MS/s. The algorithm can also be used to measure RTL-SDR oscillator offset with a very high precision for frequency corrections. The accuracy achieved is not enough for precise localization of ground targets, but it's sufficient enough to roughly estimate a location of an aircraft or a satellite.
{"title":"Time and sample rate synchronization of RTL-SDR using a GPS receiver","authors":"Jakub Kaderka, T. Urbanec","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092398","url":null,"abstract":"GPS receivers provide very precise Pulse Per Second (PPS) signal. A simple low cost method of time synchronization for RTL-SDR receivers using such GPS time signal is described. The PPS signal is injected into an IF stage of the RTL-SDR and detected by correlation of an expected signal shape and the measured data. The accuracy of such pulse detection algorithm is in the worst case 5 samples or up to 2.1 µs when using highest useful receiver sample rate of 2.4 MS/s. The algorithm can also be used to measure RTL-SDR oscillator offset with a very high precision for frequency corrections. The accuracy achieved is not enough for precise localization of ground targets, but it's sufficient enough to roughly estimate a location of an aircraft or a satellite.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114986387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092405
M. Stork, Josef Houzar
This work describes system for electrocardiographic (ECG) signal scanning with non-contact electrodes and wireless data transmission. Introductory part deals about electrocardiography and generally with analog signal processing especially with active capacitance electrodes. In the next part of this work the ECG measuring system is designed. Next section includes ECG measurement results. In final part of this work the development of ECG system with non-contact electrodes, wireless data transmission and partly signal processing for visualization of measured ECG is described. Presented system should be used mainly to monitoring the ECG signal of handicapped drivers.
{"title":"Non-contact ECG Monitoring for Driver","authors":"M. Stork, Josef Houzar","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092405","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes system for electrocardiographic (ECG) signal scanning with non-contact electrodes and wireless data transmission. Introductory part deals about electrocardiography and generally with analog signal processing especially with active capacitance electrodes. In the next part of this work the ECG measuring system is designed. Next section includes ECG measurement results. In final part of this work the development of ECG system with non-contact electrodes, wireless data transmission and partly signal processing for visualization of measured ECG is described. Presented system should be used mainly to monitoring the ECG signal of handicapped drivers.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128617268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092408
N. Rybina, N. Rybin
The switching effect in the Au-Ta-Al2O3-Cr structure was revealed. The memristor properties with bipolar switching were revealed at switching voltages Uset = 5.2 V and Ureset = -3.5 V. The ratio of high resistance and low resistance states was 7.105 Ohms. Effect of the etching regimes on the memristor properties of Al2O3 thin layers was studied. It was revealed that the best way to remove aluminum oxide is to etch the structures in a 20% HF solution without contact protection.
{"title":"Effect Of The Etching Regimes On The Memristor Properties Of Al2O3 Thin Layers","authors":"N. Rybina, N. Rybin","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092408","url":null,"abstract":"The switching effect in the Au-Ta-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-Cr structure was revealed. The memristor properties with bipolar switching were revealed at switching voltages U<inf>set</inf> = 5.2 V and U<inf>reset</inf> = -3.5 V. The ratio of high resistance and low resistance states was 7.10<sup>5</sup> Ohms. Effect of the etching regimes on the memristor properties of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> thin layers was studied. It was revealed that the best way to remove aluminum oxide is to etch the structures in a 20% HF solution without contact protection.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130054458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092416
A. Serov, N. Serov, P. K. Makarychev
At present, the method based on averaging of the squares of samples is the most popular method for the measurement of the root mean square value (RMS). The article discusses the approaches associated with averaging the measurement time to the nearest integer sample and further clarifying the moment of transition of the input signal of a given level (the application of non-integer number of processed samples). In the latter case, an additional approximation of the signal is performed in the vicinity of the end of the measurement time by applying approximation polynomials of the zero and the first order. For each of the approaches under consideration, analytical expressions are obtained for calculation of the RMS measurement error. The obtained analytical results are confirmed by coincidence with the simulation results at reference points. Simulation mathematical modeling is performed by Matlab and Simulink software packages.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the RMS Measurement Methods Based On the Averaging of the Squares of Samples","authors":"A. Serov, N. Serov, P. K. Makarychev","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092416","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the method based on averaging of the squares of samples is the most popular method for the measurement of the root mean square value (RMS). The article discusses the approaches associated with averaging the measurement time to the nearest integer sample and further clarifying the moment of transition of the input signal of a given level (the application of non-integer number of processed samples). In the latter case, an additional approximation of the signal is performed in the vicinity of the end of the measurement time by applying approximation polynomials of the zero and the first order. For each of the approaches under consideration, analytical expressions are obtained for calculation of the RMS measurement error. The obtained analytical results are confirmed by coincidence with the simulation results at reference points. Simulation mathematical modeling is performed by Matlab and Simulink software packages.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133339399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092378
D. S. Loginov, T. Kholomina, V. Litvinov, N. Rybin, A. Semenov, N. Rybina
In this paper the technical implementation of the test methods for reed switches (relays with magnetic contacts) in various modes was considered. The advantage of using microcontrollers in the test device is shown. A switching and amplification unit was developed, implemented and tested that sets the necessary limit for the gain of an automated complex for studying the low-noise noise spectra of low-impedance objects. Investigations of low-frequency noise in low-impedance structures were carried out and it was found that the features of metal coating of contacts affect the functional characteristics of reed switches and low-frequency noise parameters in the range of 0.01-1 Hz.
{"title":"Comprehensive implementation of the magnetic contact reliability test method","authors":"D. S. Loginov, T. Kholomina, V. Litvinov, N. Rybin, A. Semenov, N. Rybina","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092378","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the technical implementation of the test methods for reed switches (relays with magnetic contacts) in various modes was considered. The advantage of using microcontrollers in the test device is shown. A switching and amplification unit was developed, implemented and tested that sets the necessary limit for the gain of an automated complex for studying the low-noise noise spectra of low-impedance objects. Investigations of low-frequency noise in low-impedance structures were carried out and it was found that the features of metal coating of contacts affect the functional characteristics of reed switches and low-frequency noise parameters in the range of 0.01-1 Hz.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131516981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092387
L. Hudcová, O. Wilfert
This work is focused on determination of applicability of modified Equivalent Temperature Gradient method. Furthermore, the paper defines the relationship between the refractive index structural parameter and the modified Equivalent Temperature Gradient. The definition of the usability of the refractive index structural parameter in turbulent atmospheric media as a measure of the turbulence strength in case of optical beam deflection by turbulent cells is also solved in this work.
{"title":"Determination of the Atmospheric Turbulence by the Analysis of the Optical Beam Deflection","authors":"L. Hudcová, O. Wilfert","doi":"10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADIOELEKTRONIKA49387.2020.9092387","url":null,"abstract":"This work is focused on determination of applicability of modified Equivalent Temperature Gradient method. Furthermore, the paper defines the relationship between the refractive index structural parameter and the modified Equivalent Temperature Gradient. The definition of the usability of the refractive index structural parameter in turbulent atmospheric media as a measure of the turbulence strength in case of optical beam deflection by turbulent cells is also solved in this work.","PeriodicalId":131117,"journal":{"name":"2020 30th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114823102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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