Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-235-240
P. Popov, M. Kazantseva, S. Arefyev
Individual (intrapopulation) variability of cones and seeds of Siberian spruce in the north-west of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the middle reaches of the Severnaya Sosva River corresponds to "typical" values for the species in a number of traits. At the same time, increased values of the weight of 100 full seeds were noted: 0.547 (0.445-0.644) g and the number of cotyledons associated with it (6.9-8.0 pcs). The coefficient of variation of the first trait is 10 %, the second - about 4 %. The average length of cones on different trees is in the range of 49-80 mm. Seed germination and especially germination readiness have an increased variability. The duration of the seed germination period is on average 11 days, the coefficient of variation is about 12 %; it is 2-4 times less than the coefficient of variation of seed germination and germination readiness. The mass of 100 seeds is associated with the length of cones and the number of cotyledons by a reliable correlation of the average level. A closer relationship (the correlation coefficient is 0.55-0.77) was found between the germination readiness and seed germination. The results of the study contain new information about the regional biological features of Siberian spruce and may be of interest to forestry.
{"title":"INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF SIBERIAN SPRUCE CONES AND SEEDS IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE SEVERNAYA SOSVA RIVER (KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG)","authors":"P. Popov, M. Kazantseva, S. Arefyev","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-235-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-235-240","url":null,"abstract":"Individual (intrapopulation) variability of cones and seeds of Siberian spruce in the north-west of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the middle reaches of the Severnaya Sosva River corresponds to \"typical\" values for the species in a number of traits. At the same time, increased values of the weight of 100 full seeds were noted: 0.547 (0.445-0.644) g and the number of cotyledons associated with it (6.9-8.0 pcs). The coefficient of variation of the first trait is 10 %, the second - about 4 %. The average length of cones on different trees is in the range of 49-80 mm. Seed germination and especially germination readiness have an increased variability. The duration of the seed germination period is on average 11 days, the coefficient of variation is about 12 %; it is 2-4 times less than the coefficient of variation of seed germination and germination readiness. The mass of 100 seeds is associated with the length of cones and the number of cotyledons by a reliable correlation of the average level. A closer relationship (the correlation coefficient is 0.55-0.77) was found between the germination readiness and seed germination. The results of the study contain new information about the regional biological features of Siberian spruce and may be of interest to forestry.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-216-228
V. Stolbov
The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the urgent problems of modern geography - the substantiation of its philosophical and theoretical-methodological foundations, the definition of its own object of research and, accordingly, the concretization of its place in the system of modern scientific knowledge. Uncertainty, or rather, the presence of numerous and sometimes contradictory points of view on these issues today, deprives science not only of significant heuristic, but also of enormous practical value. The diversity of views on geography as a science, even among specialists, does not contribute to the consolidation of knowledge, prevents the formation of a unified conceptual and terminological apparatus and, worst of all, generates a frivolous attitude to the constructive possibilities of this branch of knowledge. As a system of practical values, geography needs to demonstrate a worthy theoretical foundation, a powerful ideological justification and broad philosophical support. Throughout the existence of ancient science, similar attempts have been made repeatedly. They were carried out both from the standpoint of philosophy and by representatives of the geographical community. A very brief summary of these views is given in the article. The author's own point of view on the problem is also presented. It is emphasized that the unresolved basic, fundamental issues deepen the gap between the natural and social branches of geography, contradict the logic of the development of science, and do not fit into the mainstream of the needs of modern society.
{"title":"GEOGRAPHICAL MATTER: SUBSTANCE AND ATTRIBUTES","authors":"V. Stolbov","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-216-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-216-228","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the urgent problems of modern geography - the substantiation of its philosophical and theoretical-methodological foundations, the definition of its own object of research and, accordingly, the concretization of its place in the system of modern scientific knowledge. Uncertainty, or rather, the presence of numerous and sometimes contradictory points of view on these issues today, deprives science not only of significant heuristic, but also of enormous practical value. The diversity of views on geography as a science, even among specialists, does not contribute to the consolidation of knowledge, prevents the formation of a unified conceptual and terminological apparatus and, worst of all, generates a frivolous attitude to the constructive possibilities of this branch of knowledge. As a system of practical values, geography needs to demonstrate a worthy theoretical foundation, a powerful ideological justification and broad philosophical support. Throughout the existence of ancient science, similar attempts have been made repeatedly. They were carried out both from the standpoint of philosophy and by representatives of the geographical community. A very brief summary of these views is given in the article. The author's own point of view on the problem is also presented. It is emphasized that the unresolved basic, fundamental issues deepen the gap between the natural and social branches of geography, contradict the logic of the development of science, and do not fit into the mainstream of the needs of modern society.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127166672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-149-157
Y. Perevedentsev, A. Gusarov, T. Aukhadeev, N. Mirsaeva, B. Sherstyukov, P. S. Lopukh
The distribution of forest fires across the territory of the Volga Federal District (VFD) in the period 1992-2020 is considered. The distribution of the number of fires in the subjects of the Volga Federal District is shown depending on their forest cover and season. The peak of the number of fires was revealed in 2010, when the entire territory of the region was covered by a severe drought, which led to a multiple increase in the area of forests covered by fire. An increase in the number of forest fires in recent years due to the active phase of climate warming has been noted.
{"title":"MONITORING OF FOREST FIRES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN RECENT DECADES","authors":"Y. Perevedentsev, A. Gusarov, T. Aukhadeev, N. Mirsaeva, B. Sherstyukov, P. S. Lopukh","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-149-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-149-157","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of forest fires across the territory of the Volga Federal District (VFD) in the period 1992-2020 is considered. The distribution of the number of fires in the subjects of the Volga Federal District is shown depending on their forest cover and season. The peak of the number of fires was revealed in 2010, when the entire territory of the region was covered by a severe drought, which led to a multiple increase in the area of forests covered by fire. An increase in the number of forest fires in recent years due to the active phase of climate warming has been noted.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129432962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-140-148
A. Dutov, L.A. Puzanova
The experimental results of many years of research on the agroecological aspects of the revival of agricultural industries in the territory contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl disaster are presented, analyzed and summarized. It is shown that in the remote period of development of the radiation situation, the most critical branch of agricultural production is dairy farming, and the product is milk produced in personal subsidiary plots of the population. Therefore, along with the economic feasibility and expediency of the formation of a highly productive branch of agricultural production, it is necessary to provide the measures for minimization the individual effective equivalent dose of exposure to the population by ensuring the production of products that are guaranteed to be safe in terms of radiation. The main ways to achieve this are the preparation and using of animal rations, the content of radionuclides in which, according to predictive calculations, cannot lead to exceeding the permissible levels of Cs in milk, as well as the saturation of fodder crop rotations with plants that have a potentially low ability to accumulate radionuclides.
{"title":"AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE REVIVAL OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES IN THE TERRITORY CONTAMINATED WITH RADIONUCLIDES (A CASE OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER)","authors":"A. Dutov, L.A. Puzanova","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-140-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-140-148","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental results of many years of research on the agroecological aspects of the revival of agricultural industries in the territory contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl disaster are presented, analyzed and summarized. It is shown that in the remote period of development of the radiation situation, the most critical branch of agricultural production is dairy farming, and the product is milk produced in personal subsidiary plots of the population. Therefore, along with the economic feasibility and expediency of the formation of a highly productive branch of agricultural production, it is necessary to provide the measures for minimization the individual effective equivalent dose of exposure to the population by ensuring the production of products that are guaranteed to be safe in terms of radiation. The main ways to achieve this are the preparation and using of animal rations, the content of radionuclides in which, according to predictive calculations, cannot lead to exceeding the permissible levels of Cs in milk, as well as the saturation of fodder crop rotations with plants that have a potentially low ability to accumulate radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123141365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634//2412-9518-2022-32-2-192-204
I. Volkova, P. Krylov, M. Evdokimov
Modern territorial planning of the regions of Russia is impossible without taking into account the peculiarities of the development of regional transport systems. Strategic territorial planning in accordance with the urban planning legislation of Russia should take into account the peculiarities of the development of certain industries and activities within the projected territory for twenty-forty years. A feature of territorial planning of non-urban transport is a large and complex set of separate modes of transport of different owners on the projected territory of different hierarchical levels: from the country as a whole to a small municipal district. A feature of the territorial organization and territorial planning of transport of the Sverdlovsk region is the complex composition of its components (modes of transport), a large intraregional differentiation of transport conditions. Significant factors in improving the transport system of the region are the advanced development of urban agglomerations of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as the greater implementation of its transit potential. The materials of this article reflect the result of the work done by one of its authors to prepare in 2020-2021 a new edition of the Territorial Planning Scheme of the Sverdlovsk Region in terms of public transport infrastructure.
{"title":"PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF REGIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION)","authors":"I. Volkova, P. Krylov, M. Evdokimov","doi":"10.35634//2412-9518-2022-32-2-192-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634//2412-9518-2022-32-2-192-204","url":null,"abstract":"Modern territorial planning of the regions of Russia is impossible without taking into account the peculiarities of the development of regional transport systems. Strategic territorial planning in accordance with the urban planning legislation of Russia should take into account the peculiarities of the development of certain industries and activities within the projected territory for twenty-forty years. A feature of territorial planning of non-urban transport is a large and complex set of separate modes of transport of different owners on the projected territory of different hierarchical levels: from the country as a whole to a small municipal district. A feature of the territorial organization and territorial planning of transport of the Sverdlovsk region is the complex composition of its components (modes of transport), a large intraregional differentiation of transport conditions. Significant factors in improving the transport system of the region are the advanced development of urban agglomerations of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as the greater implementation of its transit potential. The materials of this article reflect the result of the work done by one of its authors to prepare in 2020-2021 a new edition of the Territorial Planning Scheme of the Sverdlovsk Region in terms of public transport infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-130-139
A.A. x A.A. Artemyeva, I. Maksimova
As part of the study, the analysis of quantitative data in terms of emissions of pollutants in the context of administrative units of Udmurtia was carried out. The ranking of the territory of Udmurtia by the level of total emissions of solid and gaseous pollutants per year from all stationary emission sources was carried out. The component-by-component structure of pollutant emissions has been determined both for the republic as a whole and for rural settlements, with the identification of "risk" territories by the level of emissions of some pollutants. An assessment of the possible adverse impact of atmospheric air quality on the health of the population was carried out by identifying the specific structure of morbidity of various age categories of the population of Udmurtia.
{"title":"ON THE ISSUE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF MORBIDITY OF THE POPULATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN UDMURTIA","authors":"A.A. x A.A. Artemyeva, I. Maksimova","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-130-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-130-139","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the study, the analysis of quantitative data in terms of emissions of pollutants in the context of administrative units of Udmurtia was carried out. The ranking of the territory of Udmurtia by the level of total emissions of solid and gaseous pollutants per year from all stationary emission sources was carried out. The component-by-component structure of pollutant emissions has been determined both for the republic as a whole and for rural settlements, with the identification of \"risk\" territories by the level of emissions of some pollutants. An assessment of the possible adverse impact of atmospheric air quality on the health of the population was carried out by identifying the specific structure of morbidity of various age categories of the population of Udmurtia.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127137959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-184-191
R. Chalov
Conditions for applying the principles of channel processes management to ensure hydroecological safety in the use of water and other river resources, exploitation of rivers as waterways are considered in the paper. It is shown that management of channel processes to the greatest extent is applied on navigable rivers, on urbanized areas and rivers in economically developed regions. The main management techniques are channel dredging and stabilization, guide dams, and bank protection measures. Development of channel quarries makes such a serious influence on channel processes that it requires the adoption of compensatory measures to prevent adverse environmental consequences. In other cases, it is necessary to take into account the current state of channels and predictive estimates of channel changes in sections where the designed facilities are located. Adverse environmental consequences of any technogenic impacts on rivers are associated with insufficient consideration of channel processes and even their complete disregard.
{"title":"CHANNEL PROCESSES MANAGEMENT, HUMAN IMPACTS ON RIVER CHANNELS AND HYDROECOLOGICAL SAFETY PROBLEMS","authors":"R. Chalov","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-184-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-184-191","url":null,"abstract":"Conditions for applying the principles of channel processes management to ensure hydroecological safety in the use of water and other river resources, exploitation of rivers as waterways are considered in the paper. It is shown that management of channel processes to the greatest extent is applied on navigable rivers, on urbanized areas and rivers in economically developed regions. The main management techniques are channel dredging and stabilization, guide dams, and bank protection measures. Development of channel quarries makes such a serious influence on channel processes that it requires the adoption of compensatory measures to prevent adverse environmental consequences. In other cases, it is necessary to take into account the current state of channels and predictive estimates of channel changes in sections where the designed facilities are located. Adverse environmental consequences of any technogenic impacts on rivers are associated with insufficient consideration of channel processes and even their complete disregard.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134187458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-205-215
L. Detochenko, V. Fesenko
The purpose of the article is to study the features of the development of international outbound tourism of Russian residents during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The dynamics of international tourist trips of Russians is presented, the changes that have occurred in the geography of tourist trips of Russian residents in 2020 and 2021 compared to pre-COVID times. The features of the tourist "opening" of countries for tourists from the Russian Federation are shown, the factors influencing visits to individual countries by Russian tourists during the pandemic are studied. The features of visits by tourists from Russia to individual host countries during the pandemic are presented. The problems of development of international outbound tourism of Russians in the modern period are named. The conclusion is made about the main reasons for the tourist "success" of individual states in receiving tourists from Russia - the opening of the country for Russians, the supply of charters from the regions and the weakening of the main anti-COVID restrictions.
{"title":"ANALYSIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL OUTBOUND TOURISM OF RUSSIAN RESIDENTS DURING THE 2020-2021 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC","authors":"L. Detochenko, V. Fesenko","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-205-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-205-215","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the features of the development of international outbound tourism of Russian residents during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The dynamics of international tourist trips of Russians is presented, the changes that have occurred in the geography of tourist trips of Russian residents in 2020 and 2021 compared to pre-COVID times. The features of the tourist \"opening\" of countries for tourists from the Russian Federation are shown, the factors influencing visits to individual countries by Russian tourists during the pandemic are studied. The features of visits by tourists from Russia to individual host countries during the pandemic are presented. The problems of development of international outbound tourism of Russians in the modern period are named. The conclusion is made about the main reasons for the tourist \"success\" of individual states in receiving tourists from Russia - the opening of the country for Russians, the supply of charters from the regions and the weakening of the main anti-COVID restrictions.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"512 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122216207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-158-165
A. Gareev, E. Galeeva, V. Barinov
The article reveals the trends in the values of heat supply and moisture during the growing season based on the use of one of the integral indicators of the degree of moisture in territories - the hydrothermal coefficient by G.T. Selyaninov. The relevance of the study is that the Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the regions of the Russian Federation characterized by a high level of development of agricultural production. It is noted that the processes observed over the past decades reflect the aggravation of the economic and environmental situations and are largely related to the ongoing changes in climatic conditions on a regional scale. This requires the need for appropriate calculations and estimates. The study is based on the analysis of the materials of long-term hydrometeorological observations conducted through the Roshydromet network, which reflects the reliability of the results obtained. The observation period covers 1936-2021 and includes characteristic phases in the composition of cyclic fluctuations of the observed quantities. The article notes that the calculations and estimates for studying the features of changes in the conditions of heat supply and moisture supply, carried out in recent years, indicate a violation of the homogeneity of the series of observations. Based on the performance of a large number of calculations and estimates with a certain degree of conditionality, the time for a cardinal change in trends was identified. Therefore, in the article, 2 samples were selected for the general population of random variables, which made it possible to identify absolute and relative deviations of the norms for them and carry out cartographic analysis using the ArcGIS software package. It has been established that during the period of noticeable climatic changes in most of the territory of the republic there is a tendency to increase the values of the hydrothermal coefficient.
{"title":"THE MAIN TRENDS OF CHANGES IN HEAT SUPPLY AND MOISTURE DURING THE GROWING SEASON IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"A. Gareev, E. Galeeva, V. Barinov","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-158-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-158-165","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the trends in the values of heat supply and moisture during the growing season based on the use of one of the integral indicators of the degree of moisture in territories - the hydrothermal coefficient by G.T. Selyaninov. The relevance of the study is that the Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the regions of the Russian Federation characterized by a high level of development of agricultural production. It is noted that the processes observed over the past decades reflect the aggravation of the economic and environmental situations and are largely related to the ongoing changes in climatic conditions on a regional scale. This requires the need for appropriate calculations and estimates. The study is based on the analysis of the materials of long-term hydrometeorological observations conducted through the Roshydromet network, which reflects the reliability of the results obtained. The observation period covers 1936-2021 and includes characteristic phases in the composition of cyclic fluctuations of the observed quantities. The article notes that the calculations and estimates for studying the features of changes in the conditions of heat supply and moisture supply, carried out in recent years, indicate a violation of the homogeneity of the series of observations. Based on the performance of a large number of calculations and estimates with a certain degree of conditionality, the time for a cardinal change in trends was identified. Therefore, in the article, 2 samples were selected for the general population of random variables, which made it possible to identify absolute and relative deviations of the norms for them and carry out cartographic analysis using the ArcGIS software package. It has been established that during the period of noticeable climatic changes in most of the territory of the republic there is a tendency to increase the values of the hydrothermal coefficient.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125976123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-229-234
K. A. Pazinenko, N. Chuchkova, M. Smetanina
The aim of research is to find out the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the regenerative process of liver cells. The histological structure of the liver was studied in Rattus norvegicus Berk white rats (n=25) (control group - 10 animals, comparison group with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia - 15 animals). On histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the following were calculated: the number of nuclei, the proportion of binuclear cells, the area and the diameter of the nucleus; the nuclear cytoplasmic index was calculated. With the use of immunohistochemical stain by antibodies to detect the expression of the Ki-67 marker (rabbit IgG, 1:200; Cell Marque Corporation, USA), the number and intensity of expression of Ki-67-positive cells in the field of view of the microscope were determined. In the liver of animals with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, the presence of two processes was revealed at the same time. It is reactive-dystrophic (the presence of periportal leukocyte-lymphocyte infiltrates, the appearance of cells in a state of dystrophy and necrosis) and regenerative (an increase in the core area from 52,51±4,5 to 56,68±5,58 µm, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, an increase in the number and intensity of Ki-67+cells expression). The presence of hepatocytes with very large nuclei (polyploid), which make up 12,5 % of the entire population is characteristic of homocysteine-induced liver pathology. Hyperhomocysteinemia, along with a decrease in the number and dystrophy of individual hepatocytes, leads to an increase in the diameter and area of the cell nucleus, an increase in the intensity of proliferation, the appearance of polyploid nuclei, which increases the regenerative potential of the liver and provides a crucial role in the homeostasis of the gland. The findings require further research to determine the "critical point" of transition, which will allow modulation of liver tissue function.
{"title":"A MODERATE FORM OF HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA IS ACCOMPANIED BY POLYPLOIDIZATION OF HEPATOCYTES","authors":"K. A. Pazinenko, N. Chuchkova, M. Smetanina","doi":"10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-229-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-2-229-234","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of research is to find out the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the regenerative process of liver cells. The histological structure of the liver was studied in Rattus norvegicus Berk white rats (n=25) (control group - 10 animals, comparison group with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia - 15 animals). On histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the following were calculated: the number of nuclei, the proportion of binuclear cells, the area and the diameter of the nucleus; the nuclear cytoplasmic index was calculated. With the use of immunohistochemical stain by antibodies to detect the expression of the Ki-67 marker (rabbit IgG, 1:200; Cell Marque Corporation, USA), the number and intensity of expression of Ki-67-positive cells in the field of view of the microscope were determined. In the liver of animals with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, the presence of two processes was revealed at the same time. It is reactive-dystrophic (the presence of periportal leukocyte-lymphocyte infiltrates, the appearance of cells in a state of dystrophy and necrosis) and regenerative (an increase in the core area from 52,51±4,5 to 56,68±5,58 µm, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, an increase in the number and intensity of Ki-67+cells expression). The presence of hepatocytes with very large nuclei (polyploid), which make up 12,5 % of the entire population is characteristic of homocysteine-induced liver pathology. Hyperhomocysteinemia, along with a decrease in the number and dystrophy of individual hepatocytes, leads to an increase in the diameter and area of the cell nucleus, an increase in the intensity of proliferation, the appearance of polyploid nuclei, which increases the regenerative potential of the liver and provides a crucial role in the homeostasis of the gland. The findings require further research to determine the \"critical point\" of transition, which will allow modulation of liver tissue function.","PeriodicalId":131329,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130438490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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