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ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE CONCEPTS OF "QUALITY OF LIFE" AND "STANDARD OF LIVING" OF THE POPULATION (A CASE STUDY OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH OF SIBERIA) 对确定人口“生活质量”和“生活水平”概念的方法的分析(西伯利亚北部土著人民的个案研究)
Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2022-32-1-67-75
E.A. Dubrovskaya (Evseenko), A. I. Shadrin, L. Dorofeeva
In the article, the terms “quality of life” and “standard of living” of the population are considered and delimited in justification. The reasons for studying these concepts are given. Criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of life and the standard of living of the population are considered. The variety of interpretations of these categories is considered. Their significance for modern studies of socio-economic (social) geography is determined. An analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the quality of life of the population based on objective criteria and subjective ideas has been carried out. An economic-geographical approach is used, which is characterized by a systematic and comprehensive nature, which makes it possible to identify territorial differences in the quality of life of the population at different levels. The features of the interaction between the categories of quality of life and the standard of living of the population, and their specific characteristics are considered. Based on the analysis of theoretical materials, the authors developed a methodology for assessing the quality of life of residents in hard-to-reach areas of the northern and central taiga zone of Siberia, the indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia.
该条审议了人口的“生活素质”和“生活水平”这两个词,并在理由上加以界定。给出了研究这些概念的理由。审议了评估人民生活质量和生活水平的标准和指标。考虑了这些类别的各种解释。它们对现代社会经济(社会)地理学研究的意义是确定的。对根据客观标准和主观想法评估人口生活质量的方法方法进行了分析。采用了一种经济-地理方法,其特点是系统和全面,从而能够确定不同层次人口生活质量的地域差异。考虑了生活质量和人口生活水平类别之间相互作用的特点及其具体特征。基于对理论资料的分析,作者开发了一种方法来评估西伯利亚北部和中部针叶林地带难以到达的地区居民的生活质量,即北部和西伯利亚的土著民族。
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引用次数: 0
DEPENDENCE OF SPRING WHEAT YIELD ON HYDROTHERMIC CONDITIONS IN THE SARATOV REGION 萨拉托夫地区春小麦产量对水热条件的依赖性
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-467-473
E. Ormeli
Using long-term stationary field studies on the phases of development of spring wheat, a prognostic equation for calculating the yield of a given crop depending on the duration of the growing season with a monthly lead time was derived. Taking into account the hydrothermic factors of the Saratov region, the prognostic equation of the multiple function of the yield of spring wheat from the amount of precipitation for April-May, the average air temperature in May, the amount of precipitation in June, the amount of precipitation in July, and the duration of the growing season was calculated.
利用对春小麦发育阶段的长期稳定田间研究,导出了一个预测公式,用于计算特定作物的产量取决于生长季节的持续时间和每月的提前期。考虑萨拉托夫地区的水热因素,计算了4 - 5月降水量、5月平均气温、6月降水量、7月降水量和生长季持续时间对春小麦产量的多重函数预测方程。
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引用次数: 0
ATLAS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC - A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO INTEGRATED GEOGRAPHICAL MAPPING 乌德穆尔特共和国地图集-对综合地理制图的主要贡献
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-484-486
E. Chalova, R. Chalov
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引用次数: 0
BIVALVE MOLLUSCS (BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE, DREISSENIDAE, SPHAERIIDAE) OF UDMURTIA
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-378-393
N. Kholmogorova, A. Mikhailova, N. B. Ovchankova
The results of the studies of fauna of bivalve molluscs of Udmurt Republic are summarized. The annotated check-list of species of bivalve molluscs of the waterbodies of Udmurtiya is presented. After examination of own collections and critical assessment of published data, 26 species of bivalves from 74 localities (14 rivers, 2 reservoirs, 8 pounds and 2 oxbow lakes) have been included into the final list. In studied region 11 species of bivalves are recorded for the first time. From the zoogeographical point of view most species belong to the European-Siberian faunistic group (46 %), also a considerable part of fauna are European species (26,9% of overall species composition), which are located in the region at the Eastern border of the range.
综述了乌德穆尔特共和国双壳类软体动物区系的研究成果。给出了乌德穆尔特亚水域双壳类软体动物的加注名录。在对自己收集的资料进行审查和对已发表数据进行严格评估后,来自74个地点(14条河流、2个水库、8磅和2个牛轭湖)的26种双壳类动物被列入最终名单。研究区首次记录到双壳类11种。从动物地理学的角度来看,大部分物种属于欧洲-西伯利亚动物群(46%),也有相当一部分动物是欧洲物种(占总物种组成的26.9%),这些物种位于山脉的东部边界地区。
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引用次数: 0
DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE INDICES OF EXTREME IN THE TERRITORY OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA IN THE PERIOD 1980-2019 1980-2019年俄罗斯欧洲部分境内极端温度指数的分布
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-437-443
V. Guryanov, A.K. Sungatullin
The spatio-temporal variability of the average values of temperature indices of climate extremity in the territory of the European part of Russia (ER) in 1980-2019 is presented. To calculate the extremeness indices, we used hourly data on the maximum and minimum temperatures obtained using the ERA5 reanalysis on a 1°´1° spatial grid. Statistical processing of the index values revealed an increase in the temperature indices TNX, TNN, TXN, TXX, associated with the minimum and maximum temperatures, with the exception of the north and southeast of the region. An increase in the number of sunny days and a decrease in the number of frosty days were also revealed.
研究了1980—2019年俄罗斯欧洲部分地区气候极端温度指数平均值的时空变异特征。为了计算极端指数,我们使用ERA5再分析在1°´1°空间网格上获得的每小时最高和最低温度数据。对各指数值的统计处理表明,除北部和东南部地区外,与最低和最高气温相关的温度指数TNX、TNN、TXN、TXX均呈上升趋势。晴天的数量增加,霜冻的数量减少。
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引用次数: 0
GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC AND PARKING SPACE IN A LARGE CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK) 大城市道路交通和停车位的地理分析(以伊热夫斯克为例)
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-474-483
V. Sidorov, P. Sitnikov
One of the most important components of the territorial socio-economic complex of a city (especially a large one) is the system of urban passenger transport, which, in turn, consists of two subsystems: urban public transport and personal vehicles. In 2000-2020. many large and medium-sized cities in Russia are going through a period of active motorization. Izhevsk is no exception in this regard. The level of motorization of the population has been increasing in recent years both in the city and in the Udmurt Republic as a whole. There is a growing need to reduce the flow of personal vehicles towards more active use of public transport. Urban public transport (for all its significant scale) has, as a rule, 2-3 owners and therefore is largely manageable, which cannot be said about personal vehicles. It is not possible to force car owners to switch to public transport by order. But it is possible to create such conditions when the resident himself does not use his own car, but gives preference to public transport. For example, to organize the work of a single parking space, in which the placement of paid parking lots will make it unprofitable to visit many of the most attractive objects (especially in the central part of the city) by private vehicle. An example of such relevant work is shown in the proposed article. By order of the Administration of Izhevsk, the authors of the article have identified the most optimal locations for paid car parks. The choice was determined based on the results of step-by-step work to assess: the location of the potential of Izhevsk public transport, the intensity of traffic flows, the density of the population, the availability of existing parking areas, points of attraction for vehicles.
城市(尤其是大型城市)的地域社会经济综合体最重要的组成部分之一是城市客运系统,该系统又由两个子系统组成:城市公共交通和个人车辆。在2000 - 2020年。俄罗斯的许多大中城市正处于积极的机动化时期。伊热夫斯克在这方面也不例外。近年来,无论是在城市还是在整个乌德穆尔特共和国,人口的机动化水平都在不断提高。越来越需要减少个人车辆的流量,更积极地使用公共交通工具。城市公共交通(尽管规模巨大)通常有2-3个车主,因此在很大程度上是可管理的,而私人交通工具就不一样了。不可能强迫车主按命令转乘公共交通工具。但是,当居民自己不使用自己的汽车,而是优先使用公共交通工具时,就有可能创造这样的条件。例如,组织单个停车位的工作,其中付费停车场的放置将使私人车辆无法访问许多最具吸引力的对象(特别是在城市的中心部分)。拟议的文章中显示了这种相关工作的一个例子。根据伊热夫斯克政府的命令,这篇文章的作者已经确定了收费停车场的最佳位置。该选择是根据逐步评估工作的结果确定的:伊热夫斯克公共交通潜力的位置,交通流量的强度,人口密度,现有停车场的可用性,车辆的吸引力点。
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引用次数: 0
ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE IN IZHEVSK 在伊热夫斯克举行的全俄会议
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-487-489
I. Rysin
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引用次数: 0
DISTRIBUTION OF RESTORATION SUCCESSIONS IN TAIGA AND FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE PERMSKY PRIKAMYE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS) 二元山针叶林与森林草原景观恢复演替的分布(以农用地为例)
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-416-424
A. Belousova, N. Nazarov
The research of forest cover development on agricultural lands in the Perm Prikamye was carried the example of taiga and forest-steppe types of landscapes. The Babkinsko-Yugovskoy and Irensko-Kungursky landscapes were select for research. Received information about the geosystem condition in different years using remote sensing data. All landscape changes were record during the formed stable snow cover. As a result, was divide into two classes - forested and treeless areas. Established, the main natural factors of land differentiation by an areas and a pace of withdrawal from agricultural use are the small contours of agricultural land and differences in soil fertility. The growth pace of forest geosystems within the forest-steppe landscape was 2.5 times higher than of the taiga. The research of the dynamics of forest cover showed that in the Perm Prikamye in the forest-steppe landscape substitution of anthropogenic geosystems with natural-anthropogenic ("wild") accompanied by the development of forest biogeocenosis, not steppe.
以针叶林和森林草原类型的景观为例,对彼尔姆普里卡米耶地区农用地的森林覆盖发展进行了研究。选择巴布金斯科-尤戈夫斯科和伊连斯科-昆古尔斯基景观进行研究。利用遥感数据接收不同年份的地球系统状况信息。所有景观变化都记录在形成稳定积雪期间。结果,被分为两类-森林和无树地区。已确定的是,不同地区和退出农业利用的速度的土地分化的主要自然因素是农业用地的小轮廓和土壤肥力的差异。森林草原景观中森林地质系统的生长速度是针叶林景观的2.5倍。森林覆盖动态研究表明,在Perm Prikamye地区,森林-草原景观由人为地系统替代为自然-人为地系统(“野生”),伴随着森林生物地生态的发展,而不是草原。
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引用次数: 0
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COLD PERIOD IN UFA 乌法寒期的气候特征
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-443-454
R. Kamalova, E. Nurmukhametova, A. Ismagilova
The article presents the results of a study of the climatic characteristics of the cold period in the city of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the modern period. For the analysis, the authors used traditional processing methods. To identify climate changes, different base periods were considered (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 1991-2020). In some cases, time series of long-term observations were available only since 1973, so in these cases two base periods were distinguished. The statistical characteristics and changes in air temperature and its amplitude, the dates of the beginning/end and duration of the cold period, the amount of precipitation, relative humidity, the height of the snow cover and its moisture reserves, the dates of establishment/destruction and the duration of the snow cover are analyzed. Correlations between climatic indicators are shown. The study revealed that in all months of the cold period there is a tendency to increase air temperature, while the greatest contribution is made by an increase in minimum temperatures. A steady reduction in the duration of the cold period was found due to the shift of the start date to a later date, and the end date to an earlier one. The amount of precipitation tends to increase. Due to the reduction of the cold period, the duration of the snow cover in the city of Ufa decreases.
本文介绍了巴什科尔托斯坦共和国乌法市近代寒期气候特征的研究结果。为了进行分析,作者使用了传统的处理方法。为了确定气候变化,考虑了不同的基准期(1961-1990年、1981-2010年、1991-2020年)。在某些情况下,只有1973年以后才有长期观测的时间序列,因此在这些情况下区分了两个基期。分析了气温及其幅度、寒期开始/结束日期和持续时间、降水量、相对湿度、积雪高度和水分储量、积雪建立/破坏日期和积雪持续时间的统计特征和变化。显示了气候指标之间的相关性。研究表明,在寒冷期的所有月份,气温都有升高的趋势,而最低气温的升高是最大的贡献。由于开始日期改晚了,结束日期改早了,寒冷期的持续时间稳步缩短。降水量有增加的趋势。由于寒冷期的减少,乌法市积雪的持续时间缩短。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY RESULTS, OBTAINED USING UAV DATA TO ESTIMATE THE RESIDUAL CAPACITY OF THE LANDFILL. PRACTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN 应用航空摄影所得结果,利用无人机数据估算垃圾填埋场的剩余容量。鞑靼斯坦共和国的实践
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.35634/2412-9518-2021-31-4-404-415
L. Akhmetzyanova, B. Usmanov, R.S. Kuz’min, A. Gafurov, V. Sirotkin, I. Kuritsin
Assessment of the current residual capacity is a fundamentally important task, the solution of which is demonstrated on a landfill located in the Republic of Tatarstan. To solve the task, the modern methods of high-precision three-dimensional reconstruction were used based on the survey from an unmanned aircraft DJI Phantom 4, equipped with a global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver. As a result of combining the project data and data from field surveys into one coordinate system and elevations and reconstruction of designed underground and ground parts of landfill calculation, the difference of models and the residual capacity of the landfill becomes possible. Based on the materials considered as of July 2020, the residual capacity of the studied landfill is 41.2 % of the project capacity, which allows us to continue to operate this landfill. The proposed approach allows for rapid and high-quality active monitoring of the engineered facility. Photogrammetric processing of the results of low-altitude aerial photography makes it possible to obtain objective data on the current actual state of the landfills, to carry out competent and valid management of the landfill functioning. Significant, this will extend the landfill's lifetime, minimize the adverse effects on the environment and predict the yield to the project capacity much more accurately.
评估目前的剩余容量是一项至关重要的任务,在鞑靼斯坦共和国的一个垃圾填埋场上展示了解决方案。为了解决这一问题,在配备全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)接收器的大疆幻影4无人机的测量基础上,采用了高精度三维重建的现代方法。将工程数据与实地调查数据结合到一个坐标系统中,并对设计的填埋场地下和地面部分进行高程和改建计算,从而使模型的差异性和填埋场的剩余容量成为可能。根据截至2020年7月所考虑的材料,所研究的垃圾填埋场的剩余容量为项目容量的41.2%,这使我们能够继续运营该垃圾填埋场。所提出的方法允许对工程设施进行快速和高质量的主动监测。对低空航拍结果进行摄影测量处理,可以获得填埋场当前实际状况的客观数据,从而对填埋场的运行进行有效的管理。重要的是,这将延长垃圾填埋场的使用寿命,最大限度地减少对环境的不利影响,并更准确地预测项目容量的产量。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences
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