Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/BioCAS.2016.7833713
Peng Li, Hanjun Jiang, Wendi Yang, Ming Liu, Xu Zhang, Xiaohui Hu, B. Pang, Zhaolin Yao, Hongda Chen
This paper proposes a low power and efficient QRS processor for real-time and continuous mobile ECG monitoring. The QRS detection algorithm is based on the harr wavelet transform. In order to reduce power consumption, an optimized FIR filter structure is proposed. To improve accuracy, R position modification (RPM) has been designed. Fabricated with the 0.18-μm N-well CMOS 1P6M technology, power consumption of this chip is only 410 nW in 1 V voltage supply, which is much lower than that of previous work. Validated by all 48 databases in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, sensitivity (Se) and positive prediction (Pr) are 99.60% and 99.77% respectively.
{"title":"A 410-nW efficient QRS processor for mobile ECG monitoring in 0.18-μm CMOS","authors":"Peng Li, Hanjun Jiang, Wendi Yang, Ming Liu, Xu Zhang, Xiaohui Hu, B. Pang, Zhaolin Yao, Hongda Chen","doi":"10.1109/BioCAS.2016.7833713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BioCAS.2016.7833713","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a low power and efficient QRS processor for real-time and continuous mobile ECG monitoring. The QRS detection algorithm is based on the harr wavelet transform. In order to reduce power consumption, an optimized FIR filter structure is proposed. To improve accuracy, R position modification (RPM) has been designed. Fabricated with the 0.18-μm N-well CMOS 1P6M technology, power consumption of this chip is only 410 nW in 1 V voltage supply, which is much lower than that of previous work. Validated by all 48 databases in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, sensitivity (Se) and positive prediction (Pr) are 99.60% and 99.77% respectively.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/BioCAS.2016.7833713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62152832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580156
Mingquan Yuan, Keng-ku Liu, S. Singamaneni, S. Chakrabartty
This paper extends our previous work on silver-enhancement based self-assembling structures for designing reliable, self-powered biosensors with forward error correcting (FEC) capability. At the core of the proposed approach is the integration of paper-based microfluidics with quick response (QR) codes that can be optically scanned using a smart-phone. The scanned information is first decoded to obtain the location of a web-server which further processes the self-assembled QR image to determine the concentration of target analytes. The integration substrate for the proposed FEC biosensor is polyethylene and the patterning of the QR code on the substrate has been achieved using a combination of low-cost ink-jet printing and a regular ballpoint dispensing pen. A paper-based microfluidics channel has been integrated underneath the substrate for acquiring, mixing and flowing the sample to areas on the substrate where different parts of the code can self-assemble in presence of immobilized gold nanorods. In this paper we demonstrate the proof-of-concept detection using prototypes of QR encoded FEC biosensors.
{"title":"Self-Powered Forward Error-Correcting Biosensor Based on Integration of Paper-Based Microfluidics and Self-Assembled Quick Response Codes.","authors":"Mingquan Yuan, Keng-ku Liu, S. Singamaneni, S. Chakrabartty","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580156","url":null,"abstract":"This paper extends our previous work on silver-enhancement based self-assembling structures for designing reliable, self-powered biosensors with forward error correcting (FEC) capability. At the core of the proposed approach is the integration of paper-based microfluidics with quick response (QR) codes that can be optically scanned using a smart-phone. The scanned information is first decoded to obtain the location of a web-server which further processes the self-assembled QR image to determine the concentration of target analytes. The integration substrate for the proposed FEC biosensor is polyethylene and the patterning of the QR code on the substrate has been achieved using a combination of low-cost ink-jet printing and a regular ballpoint dispensing pen. A paper-based microfluidics channel has been integrated underneath the substrate for acquiring, mixing and flowing the sample to areas on the substrate where different parts of the code can self-assemble in presence of immobilized gold nanorods. In this paper we demonstrate the proof-of-concept detection using prototypes of QR encoded FEC biosensors.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2580156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2584239
C. Baj-Rossi, A. Cavallini, Enver G. Kilinc, Francesca Stradolini, T. Rezzonico Jost, M. Proietti, G. De Micheli, F. Grassi, C. Dehollain, S. Carrara
This paper presents the in-vivo tests on a Fully Implantable Multi-Panel Devices for Remote Monitoring of endogenous and exogenous analytes. To investigate issues on biocompatibility, three different covers have been designed, realized and tested in mice for 30 days. ATP and neutrophil concentrations have been measured, at the implant site after the device was explanted, to assess the level of biocompatibility of the device. Finally, fully working prototypes of the device were implanted in mice and tested. The implanted devices were used to detect variations in the physiological concentrations of glucose and paracetamol. Data trends on these analytes have been successfully acquired and transmitted to the external base station. Glucose and paracetamol (also named acetaminophen) have been proposed in this research as model molecules for applications to personalized and translational medicine.
{"title":"In-Vivo Validation of Fully Implantable Multi-Panel Devices for Remote Monitoring of Metabolism.","authors":"C. Baj-Rossi, A. Cavallini, Enver G. Kilinc, Francesca Stradolini, T. Rezzonico Jost, M. Proietti, G. De Micheli, F. Grassi, C. Dehollain, S. Carrara","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2584239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2584239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the in-vivo tests on a Fully Implantable Multi-Panel Devices for Remote Monitoring of endogenous and exogenous analytes. To investigate issues on biocompatibility, three different covers have been designed, realized and tested in mice for 30 days. ATP and neutrophil concentrations have been measured, at the implant site after the device was explanted, to assess the level of biocompatibility of the device. Finally, fully working prototypes of the device were implanted in mice and tested. The implanted devices were used to detect variations in the physiological concentrations of glucose and paracetamol. Data trends on these analytes have been successfully acquired and transmitted to the external base station. Glucose and paracetamol (also named acetaminophen) have been proposed in this research as model molecules for applications to personalized and translational medicine.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2584239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2612581
Shanshan Dai, Rukshan T. Perera, Zi Yang, J. Rosenstein
An integrated current measurement system with ultra wide dynamic range is presented and fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS technology. Its dual-mode design provides concurrent voltage and frequency outputs, without requiring an external clock source. An integrator-differentiator core provides a voltage output √ with a noise floor of 11.6 fA/ (Hz) and a -3 dB cutoff frequency of 1.4 MHz. It is merged with an asynchronous current-to-frequency converter, which generates an output frequency linearly proportional to the input current. Together, the voltage and frequency outputs yield a current measurement range of 155 dB, spanning from 204 fA (100 Hz) or 1.25 pA (10 kHz) to 11.6 μA. The proposed architecture's low noise, wide bandwidth, and wide dynamic range make it ideal for measurements of highly nonlinear electrochemical and electrophysiological systems.
提出并制作了一种采用180nm CMOS工艺的超宽动态范围集成电流测量系统。它的双模设计提供并发电压和频率输出，而不需要外部时钟源。积分器核心提供电压输出√，本底噪声为11.6 fA/ (Hz)，截止频率为-3 dB，为1.4 MHz。它与异步电流-频率转换器合并，产生与输入电流成线性比例的输出频率。电压和频率输出产生155 dB的电流测量范围，从204 fA (100 Hz)或1.25 pA (10 kHz)到11.6 μA。该架构的低噪声、宽带宽和宽动态范围使其成为高度非线性电化学和电生理系统测量的理想选择。
{"title":"A 155-dB Dynamic Range Current Measurement Front End for Electrochemical Biosensing","authors":"Shanshan Dai, Rukshan T. Perera, Zi Yang, J. Rosenstein","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2612581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2612581","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated current measurement system with ultra wide dynamic range is presented and fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS technology. Its dual-mode design provides concurrent voltage and frequency outputs, without requiring an external clock source. An integrator-differentiator core provides a voltage output √ with a noise floor of 11.6 fA/ (Hz) and a -3 dB cutoff frequency of 1.4 MHz. It is merged with an asynchronous current-to-frequency converter, which generates an output frequency linearly proportional to the input current. Together, the voltage and frequency outputs yield a current measurement range of 155 dB, spanning from 204 fA (100 Hz) or 1.25 pA (10 kHz) to 11.6 μA. The proposed architecture's low noise, wide bandwidth, and wide dynamic range make it ideal for measurements of highly nonlinear electrochemical and electrophysiological systems.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2612581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2586504
Alexander Sun, A. Venkatesh, D. Hall
This paper describes the design and characterization of a reconfigurable, multi-technique electrochemical biosensor designed for direct integration into smartphone and wearable technologies to enable remote and accurate personal health monitoring. By repurposing components from one mode to the next, the biosensor's potentiostat is able reconfigure itself into three different measurements modes to perform amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance spectroscopic tests all with minimal redundant devices. A 3.9 × 1.65 cm2 PCB prototype of the module was developed with discrete components and tested using Google's Project Ara modular smartphone. The amperometric mode has a ±1 nA to ±200 μA measurement range. When used to detect pH, the potentiometric mode achieves a resolution of <; 0.08 pH units. In impedance measurement mode, the device can measure 50 Ω-10 MΩ and has been shown to have <; 6° of phase error. This prototype was used to perform several point-of-care health tracking assays suitable for use with mobile devices: 1) Blood glucose tests were conducted and shown to cover the diagnostic range for Diabetic patients (~200 mg/dL). 2) Lactoferrin, a biomarker for urinary tract infections, was detected with a limit of detection of approximately 1 ng/mL. 3) pH tests of sweat were conducted to track dehydration during exercise. 4) EIS was used to determine the concentration of NeutrAvidin via a label-free assay.
{"title":"A Multi-Technique Reconfigurable Electrochemical Biosensor: Enabling Personal Health Monitoring in Mobile Devices","authors":"Alexander Sun, A. Venkatesh, D. Hall","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2586504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2586504","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and characterization of a reconfigurable, multi-technique electrochemical biosensor designed for direct integration into smartphone and wearable technologies to enable remote and accurate personal health monitoring. By repurposing components from one mode to the next, the biosensor's potentiostat is able reconfigure itself into three different measurements modes to perform amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance spectroscopic tests all with minimal redundant devices. A 3.9 × 1.65 cm2 PCB prototype of the module was developed with discrete components and tested using Google's Project Ara modular smartphone. The amperometric mode has a ±1 nA to ±200 μA measurement range. When used to detect pH, the potentiometric mode achieves a resolution of <; 0.08 pH units. In impedance measurement mode, the device can measure 50 Ω-10 MΩ and has been shown to have <; 6° of phase error. This prototype was used to perform several point-of-care health tracking assays suitable for use with mobile devices: 1) Blood glucose tests were conducted and shown to cover the diagnostic range for Diabetic patients (~200 mg/dL). 2) Lactoferrin, a biomarker for urinary tract infections, was detected with a limit of detection of approximately 1 ng/mL. 3) pH tests of sweat were conducted to track dehydration during exercise. 4) EIS was used to determine the concentration of NeutrAvidin via a label-free assay.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2586504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01Epub Date: 2016-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2577705
S Abdollah Mirbozorgi, Yaoyao Jia, Daniel Canales, Maysam Ghovanloo
A new wireless electrophysiology data acquisition system, built around a standard homecage, is presented in this paper, which can power up and communicate with sensors and actuators/stimulators attached to or implanted in small freely behaving animal subjects, such as rodents. Key abilities of the energized homecage (EnerCage) system is enabling longitudinal experiments with minimal operator involvement or interruption, while providing test subjects with an enriched environment closer to their natural habitat, without the burden of being tethered or carrying bulky batteries. The magnetic resonant multi-coil design used in the new EnerCage-HC2 automatically localizes the transmitted electromagnetic power from a single transmitter (Tx) coil at the bottom of the cage toward the receiver coil (Rx), carried on/in the animal body, obviating the need for tracking the animal or switching the coils. In order to increase the resonators' quality factor (Q > 166) at the desired operating frequency of 13.56 MHz, while maintaining a high self-resonance frequency [Formula: see text], they are made of wide copper foils and optimally segmented based on a set of design rules that can be adopted for experimental arenas with different shapes and dimensions. The Rx rectified voltage is regulated at a user-defined window [Formula: see text] by a Tx-Rx closed-loop power control (CLPC) mechanism that creates a volume inside the homecage with 42 mW of power delivered to the load (PDL), and a homogeneous power transfer efficiency (PTE) plane of 14% on average at ∼7 cm height, plus stability against angular mis-alignments of up to 80°.
{"title":"A Wirelessly-Powered Homecage With Segmented Copper Foils and Closed-Loop Power Control.","authors":"S Abdollah Mirbozorgi, Yaoyao Jia, Daniel Canales, Maysam Ghovanloo","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2577705","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2577705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new wireless electrophysiology data acquisition system, built around a standard homecage, is presented in this paper, which can power up and communicate with sensors and actuators/stimulators attached to or implanted in small freely behaving animal subjects, such as rodents. Key abilities of the energized homecage (EnerCage) system is enabling longitudinal experiments with minimal operator involvement or interruption, while providing test subjects with an enriched environment closer to their natural habitat, without the burden of being tethered or carrying bulky batteries. The magnetic resonant multi-coil design used in the new EnerCage-HC2 automatically localizes the transmitted electromagnetic power from a single transmitter (Tx) coil at the bottom of the cage toward the receiver coil (Rx), carried on/in the animal body, obviating the need for tracking the animal or switching the coils. In order to increase the resonators' quality factor (Q > 166) at the desired operating frequency of 13.56 MHz, while maintaining a high self-resonance frequency [Formula: see text], they are made of wide copper foils and optimally segmented based on a set of design rules that can be adopted for experimental arenas with different shapes and dimensions. The Rx rectified voltage is regulated at a user-defined window [Formula: see text] by a Tx-Rx closed-loop power control (CLPC) mechanism that creates a volume inside the homecage with 42 mW of power delivered to the load (PDL), and a homogeneous power transfer efficiency (PTE) plane of 14% on average at ∼7 cm height, plus stability against angular mis-alignments of up to 80°.</p>","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5258855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2598794
Justice Amoh, K. Odame
In this paper, we consider two different approaches of using deep neural networks for cough detection. The cough detection task is cast as a visual recognition problem and as a sequence-to-sequence labeling problem. A convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network are implemented to address these problems, respectively. We evaluate the performance of the two networks and compare them to other conventional approaches for identifying cough sounds. In addition, we also explore the effect of the network size parameters and the impact of long-term signal dependencies in cough classifier performance. Experimental results show both network architectures outperform traditional methods. Between the two, our convolutional network yields a higher specificity 92.7% whereas the recurrent attains a higher sensitivity of 87.7%.
{"title":"Deep Neural Networks for Identifying Cough Sounds","authors":"Justice Amoh, K. Odame","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2598794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2598794","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider two different approaches of using deep neural networks for cough detection. The cough detection task is cast as a visual recognition problem and as a sequence-to-sequence labeling problem. A convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network are implemented to address these problems, respectively. We evaluate the performance of the two networks and compare them to other conventional approaches for identifying cough sounds. In addition, we also explore the effect of the network size parameters and the impact of long-term signal dependencies in cough classifier performance. Experimental results show both network architectures outperform traditional methods. Between the two, our convolutional network yields a higher specificity 92.7% whereas the recurrent attains a higher sensitivity of 87.7%.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2598794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62966464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2502840
N. Soltani, M. Aliroteh, M. T. Salam, J. P. Pérez Velázquez, R. Genov
This paper presents a general methodology of inductive power delivery in wireless chronic rodent electrophysiology applications. The focus is on such systems design considerations under the following key constraints: maximum power delivery under the allowable specific absorption rate (SAR), low cost and spatial scalability. The methodology includes inductive coil design considerations within a low-frequency ferrite-core-free power transfer link which includes a scalable coil-array power transmitter floor and a single-coil implanted or worn power receiver. A specific design example is presented that includes the concept of low-SAR cellular single-transmitter-coil powering through dynamic tracking of a magnet-less receiver spatial location. The transmitter coil instantaneous supply current is monitored using a small number of low-cost electronic components. A drop in its value indicates the proximity of the receiver due to the reflected impedance of the latter. Only the transmitter coil nearest to the receiver is activated. Operating at the low frequency of 1.5 MHz, the inductive powering floor delivers a maximum of 15.9 W below the IEEE C95 SAR limit, which is over three times greater than that in other recently reported designs. The power transfer efficiency of 39% and 13% at the nominal and maximum distances of 8 cm and 11 cm, respectively, is maintained.
{"title":"Low-Radiation Cellular Inductive Powering of Rodent Wireless Brain Interfaces: Methodology and Design Guide.","authors":"N. Soltani, M. Aliroteh, M. T. Salam, J. P. Pérez Velázquez, R. Genov","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2502840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2502840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general methodology of inductive power delivery in wireless chronic rodent electrophysiology applications. The focus is on such systems design considerations under the following key constraints: maximum power delivery under the allowable specific absorption rate (SAR), low cost and spatial scalability. The methodology includes inductive coil design considerations within a low-frequency ferrite-core-free power transfer link which includes a scalable coil-array power transmitter floor and a single-coil implanted or worn power receiver. A specific design example is presented that includes the concept of low-SAR cellular single-transmitter-coil powering through dynamic tracking of a magnet-less receiver spatial location. The transmitter coil instantaneous supply current is monitored using a small number of low-cost electronic components. A drop in its value indicates the proximity of the receiver due to the reflected impedance of the latter. Only the transmitter coil nearest to the receiver is activated. Operating at the low frequency of 1.5 MHz, the inductive powering floor delivers a maximum of 15.9 W below the IEEE C95 SAR limit, which is over three times greater than that in other recently reported designs. The power transfer efficiency of 39% and 13% at the nominal and maximum distances of 8 cm and 11 cm, respectively, is maintained.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2502840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62965608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2487264
J. Lecoutere, A. Thielens, S. Agneessens, H. Rogier, W. Joseph, R. Puers
With the breakthrough of the Internet of Things and the steady increase of wireless applications in the daily environment, the assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure is key in determining possible health effects of exposure to certain levels of RF-EMF. This paper presents the first experimental validation of a novel personal exposimeter system based on a distributed measurement approach to achieve higher measurement quality and lower measurement variability than the commonly used single point measurement approach of existing exposimeters. An important feature of the system is the integration of inertial sensors in order to determine activity and posture during exposure measurements. The system is designed to assess exposure to frequencies within the 389 to 464, 779 to 928 and 2400 to 2483.5 MHz bands using only two transceivers per node. In this study, the 2400 to 2483.5 MHz band is validated. Every node provides antenna diversity for the different bands in order to achieve higher sensitivity at these frequencies. Two AAA batteries power each standalone node and as such determine the node hardware size of this proof of concept (53 mm×25 mm×15 mm), making it smaller than any other commercially available exposimeter.
{"title":"Wireless Fidelity Electromagnetic Field Exposure Monitoring With Wearable Body Sensor Networks","authors":"J. Lecoutere, A. Thielens, S. Agneessens, H. Rogier, W. Joseph, R. Puers","doi":"10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2487264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2487264","url":null,"abstract":"With the breakthrough of the Internet of Things and the steady increase of wireless applications in the daily environment, the assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure is key in determining possible health effects of exposure to certain levels of RF-EMF. This paper presents the first experimental validation of a novel personal exposimeter system based on a distributed measurement approach to achieve higher measurement quality and lower measurement variability than the commonly used single point measurement approach of existing exposimeters. An important feature of the system is the integration of inertial sensors in order to determine activity and posture during exposure measurements. The system is designed to assess exposure to frequencies within the 389 to 464, 779 to 928 and 2400 to 2483.5 MHz bands using only two transceivers per node. In this study, the 2400 to 2483.5 MHz band is validated. Every node provides antenna diversity for the different bands in order to achieve higher sensitivity at these frequencies. Two AAA batteries power each standalone node and as such determine the node hardware size of this proof of concept (53 mm×25 mm×15 mm), making it smaller than any other commercially available exposimeter.","PeriodicalId":13151,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2487264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62964826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2015.2487321
M. Tsoeu, M. Inggs
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has been dominated by the use of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) as methods of achieving orthogonal injection of excitation signals. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM), presented in this paper is an alternative that eliminates temporal data inconsistencies of TDM for fast changing systems. Furthermore, this approach eliminates data inconsistencies that arise in FDM when frequency bands of current injecting electrodes are chosen over frequencies that have large changes in the imaged object's impedance. To the authors knowledge no fully functional wideband system or simulation platform using simultaneous injection of Gold codes currents has been reported. In this paper, we formulate, simulate and develop a fully functional pseudo-random (Gold) code driven EIT system with 15 excitation currents and 16 separate voltage measurement electrodes. In the work we verify the use of CDM as a multiplexing modality in simultaneous injection EIT, using a prototype system with an overall bandwidth of 15 kHz, and attainable speed of 462 frames/s using codes with a period of 31 chips. Simulations and experiments are performed using the Electrical Impedance and Diffuse Optics Reconstruction Software (EIDORS). We also propose the use of image processing on reconstructed images to establish their quality quantitatively without access to raw reconstruction data. The results of this study show that CDM can be successfully used in EIT, and gives results of similar visual quality to TDM and FDM. Achieved performance shows average position error of 3.5% and size error of 6.2%.
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