Petunia (Petunia hybrida) plants are highly threatened by a diversity of viruses, causing substantial damage to ornamental quality and seed yield. However, the regulatory mechanism of virus resistance in petunia is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that a member of petunia WRKY transcription factors, PhWRKY30, was dramatically up-regulated following Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. Down-regulation of PhWRKY30 through TRV-based virus-induced gene silencing increased green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked TRV RNA accumulation and exacerbated the symptomatic severity. In comparison to wild-type (WT) plants, PhWRKY30-RNAi transgenic petunia plants exhibited a compromised resistance to TRV infection, whereas an enhanced resistance was observed in PhWRKY30-overexpressing (OE) transgenic plants. PhWRKY30 affected salicylic acid (SA) production and expression of arogenate dehydratase 1 (PhADT1), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PhPAL1), PhPAL2b, non-expressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (PhNPR1), and PhPR1 in SA biosynthesis and signaling pathway. SA treatment restored the reduced TRV resistance to WT levels in PhWRKY30-RNAi plants, and application of SA biosynthesis inhibitor 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid inhibited promoted resistance in PhWRKY30-OE plants. The protein-DNA binding assays showed that PhWRKY30 specifically bound to the promoter of PhPAL2b. RNAi silencing and overexpression of PhPAL2b led to decreased and increased TRV resistance, respectively. The transcription of a number of reactive oxygen species- and RNA silencing-associated genes was changed in PhWRKY30 and PhPAL2b transgenic lines. PhWRKY30 and PhPAL2b were further characterized to be involved in the resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) invasion. Our findings demonstrate that PhWRKY30 positively regulates antiviral defense against TRV and TMV infections by modulating SA content.
{"title":"PhWRKY30 activates salicylic acid biosynthesis to positively regulate antiviral defense response in petunia","authors":"Meiling Wang, Yanping Yuan, Yike Zhao, Zhuo Hu, Shasha Zhang, Jianrang Luo, Cai-Zhong Jiang, Yanlong Zhang, Daoyang Sun","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf013","url":null,"abstract":"Petunia (Petunia hybrida) plants are highly threatened by a diversity of viruses, causing substantial damage to ornamental quality and seed yield. However, the regulatory mechanism of virus resistance in petunia is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that a member of petunia WRKY transcription factors, PhWRKY30, was dramatically up-regulated following Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. Down-regulation of PhWRKY30 through TRV-based virus-induced gene silencing increased green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked TRV RNA accumulation and exacerbated the symptomatic severity. In comparison to wild-type (WT) plants, PhWRKY30-RNAi transgenic petunia plants exhibited a compromised resistance to TRV infection, whereas an enhanced resistance was observed in PhWRKY30-overexpressing (OE) transgenic plants. PhWRKY30 affected salicylic acid (SA) production and expression of arogenate dehydratase 1 (PhADT1), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (PhPAL1), PhPAL2b, non-expressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (PhNPR1), and PhPR1 in SA biosynthesis and signaling pathway. SA treatment restored the reduced TRV resistance to WT levels in PhWRKY30-RNAi plants, and application of SA biosynthesis inhibitor 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid inhibited promoted resistance in PhWRKY30-OE plants. The protein-DNA binding assays showed that PhWRKY30 specifically bound to the promoter of PhPAL2b. RNAi silencing and overexpression of PhPAL2b led to decreased and increased TRV resistance, respectively. The transcription of a number of reactive oxygen species- and RNA silencing-associated genes was changed in PhWRKY30 and PhPAL2b transgenic lines. PhWRKY30 and PhPAL2b were further characterized to be involved in the resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) invasion. Our findings demonstrate that PhWRKY30 positively regulates antiviral defense against TRV and TMV infections by modulating SA content.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingyue Jin, Akane G Mizukami, Satohiro Okuda, Tetsuya Higashiyama
In flowering plants, pollen tube growth is essential for delivering immotile sperm cells during double fertilization, directly influencing seed yield. This process relies on vesicle-mediated trafficking to drive tip growth and maintain fertility. However, investigating pollen tube growth is challenging in non-model plants due to the lack of transgenic tools. Here, we established a method to transiently inhibit vesicle activity in pollen tubes of the wishbone flower (Torenia fournieri), a classic plant for sexual reproduction studies, using brefeldin A (BFA) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) targeting key genes. BFA broadly disrupted vesicle gradient homeostasis in T. fournieri pollen tubes, leading to widespread changes in cell wall deposition, ROS distribution, and pollen tube morphology. To assess the role of specific genes, we designed AS-ODNs against TfANX, the sole ANXUR homolog in T. fournieri, which successfully penetrated cell membranes and suppressed TfANX expression. This inhibition impaired pollen tube tip growth, causing pollen tube leakage at the shank region and, in some cases, multiple leakages. Similarly, AS-ODN targeting TfRABA4D, a pollen-specific vesicle regulator, induced a bulging phenotype and disrupted pectin deposition and reduced ROS distribution, mirroring BFA effects. These findings elucidate vesicle-mediated regulation in pollen tube tip growth and introduce an accessible method for genetic manipulation in reproductive research of non-model plants.
{"title":"Investigating Vesicle-Mediated Regulation of Pollen Tube Growth through BFA Inhibition and AS-ODN Targeting of TfRABA4D in Torenia fournieri","authors":"Xingyue Jin, Akane G Mizukami, Satohiro Okuda, Tetsuya Higashiyama","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf018","url":null,"abstract":"In flowering plants, pollen tube growth is essential for delivering immotile sperm cells during double fertilization, directly influencing seed yield. This process relies on vesicle-mediated trafficking to drive tip growth and maintain fertility. However, investigating pollen tube growth is challenging in non-model plants due to the lack of transgenic tools. Here, we established a method to transiently inhibit vesicle activity in pollen tubes of the wishbone flower (Torenia fournieri), a classic plant for sexual reproduction studies, using brefeldin A (BFA) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) targeting key genes. BFA broadly disrupted vesicle gradient homeostasis in T. fournieri pollen tubes, leading to widespread changes in cell wall deposition, ROS distribution, and pollen tube morphology. To assess the role of specific genes, we designed AS-ODNs against TfANX, the sole ANXUR homolog in T. fournieri, which successfully penetrated cell membranes and suppressed TfANX expression. This inhibition impaired pollen tube tip growth, causing pollen tube leakage at the shank region and, in some cases, multiple leakages. Similarly, AS-ODN targeting TfRABA4D, a pollen-specific vesicle regulator, induced a bulging phenotype and disrupted pectin deposition and reduced ROS distribution, mirroring BFA effects. These findings elucidate vesicle-mediated regulation in pollen tube tip growth and introduce an accessible method for genetic manipulation in reproductive research of non-model plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiming Qi, Liangzhe Meng, Qianqi Lou, Yushun Li, Yuanbo Shen, Shijie Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Pan Zhao, Jin Wang, Bo Wang, Xiubin Chen, Chunmei Zhang, Yu Du, Jiantao Zhao, Xiangqiang Zhan, Yan Liang
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) poses a significant threat as a devastating pathogen to the global production and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mining novel resistance genes within the tomato germplasm is an effective and environmentally friendly approach to combat TSWV. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying high TSWV resistance in a specific tomato line after experimental inoculation, despite not possessing any known TSWV resistance genes. The candidate causal genes of disease resistance traits were finely mapped by constructing different genetic populations and performing bulk segregant analysis sequencing. This approach identified SlDnaJ (Solyc10g081220) as a key locus potentially regulating TSWV resistance. We determined a structural variant of SlDnaJ (designated Sldnaj) containing a 61-bp promoter sequence deletion that was specifically present in the germplasm of the susceptible M82 tomato plant lines. Sldnaj-knockout transgenic plants were significantly more resistant to TSWV than wild-type plants. Up-regulated expression of Sldnaj affected the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid signaling pathway, which induced and promoted the systemic infection of TSWV in M82 susceptible plants. In summary, this study identified a new candidate TSWV susceptibility gene with a natural deletion variation in tomato. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pathogen resistance while offering a target for breeding strategies of tomato with TSWV resistance.
{"title":"Association of the tomato co-chaperone gene Sldnaj harboring a promoter deletion with susceptibility to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)","authors":"Shiming Qi, Liangzhe Meng, Qianqi Lou, Yushun Li, Yuanbo Shen, Shijie Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Pan Zhao, Jin Wang, Bo Wang, Xiubin Chen, Chunmei Zhang, Yu Du, Jiantao Zhao, Xiangqiang Zhan, Yan Liang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf019","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) poses a significant threat as a devastating pathogen to the global production and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mining novel resistance genes within the tomato germplasm is an effective and environmentally friendly approach to combat TSWV. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying high TSWV resistance in a specific tomato line after experimental inoculation, despite not possessing any known TSWV resistance genes. The candidate causal genes of disease resistance traits were finely mapped by constructing different genetic populations and performing bulk segregant analysis sequencing. This approach identified SlDnaJ (Solyc10g081220) as a key locus potentially regulating TSWV resistance. We determined a structural variant of SlDnaJ (designated Sldnaj) containing a 61-bp promoter sequence deletion that was specifically present in the germplasm of the susceptible M82 tomato plant lines. Sldnaj-knockout transgenic plants were significantly more resistant to TSWV than wild-type plants. Up-regulated expression of Sldnaj affected the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid signaling pathway, which induced and promoted the systemic infection of TSWV in M82 susceptible plants. In summary, this study identified a new candidate TSWV susceptibility gene with a natural deletion variation in tomato. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pathogen resistance while offering a target for breeding strategies of tomato with TSWV resistance.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wei, Yachen Wang, Xiao Meng, Xuechen Yao, Nongyu Xia, Huimin Zhang, Nan Meng, Changqing Duan, Qiuhong Pan
Norisoprenoids, which are produced by the cleavage of various carotenoids, are a class of volatile aroma compounds that widely distributed in plants. In wine, they represent a significant source of floral and fruity aromas. β-Damascenone is the most abundant and important norisoprenoid constituent in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) and wines. However, the regulatory mechanism of β-damascenone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. The present study has identified a WRKY transcription factor, VviWRKY24, as a key regulator of β-damascenone accumulation in grape berries. The results of overexpression and gene silencing assays in grape leaves, berries and calli demonstrated that VviWRKY24 altered the flow of norisoprenoid metabolism and influenced the composition ratio of norisoprenoids, particularly enhancing the levels of β-damascenone. The results of the RNA-seq, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays provided confirmation that VviWRKY24 promoted abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis by directly upregulating the expression of VviNCED1. The increase in ABA content resulted in further induction of the expression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4B (VviCCD4b) on β-damascenone metabolic pathway. These findings elucidate the upstream regulation of ABA and the promotion of ABA on the accumulation of β-damascenone in grapes. This study contributes to a novel understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of β-damascenone biosynthesis and provides a strategy for improving the aroma quality of grapes and wine.
由各种类胡萝卜素裂解产生的 Norisoprenoids 是一类挥发性芳香化合物，广泛分布于植物中。在葡萄酒中，它们是花香和果香的重要来源。β-Damascenone 是葡萄果实（葡萄属）和葡萄酒中最丰富和最重要的去甲异链烯类成分。然而，人们对β-大马士革烯酮生物合成的调控机制仍然知之甚少。本研究发现 WRKY 转录因子 VviWRKY24 是葡萄浆果中 β-大马士革烯酮积累的关键调控因子。在葡萄叶片、浆果和胼胝体中进行的过表达和基因沉默实验结果表明，VviWRKY24改变了去甲异戊烯类化合物的代谢过程，影响了去甲异戊烯类化合物的组成比例，尤其是提高了β-大马士酮的含量。RNA-seq、酵母单杂交、电泳迁移和双荧光素酶测定的结果证实，VviWRKY24通过直接上调VviNCED1的表达，促进了脱落酸（ABA）的生物合成。ABA 含量的增加进一步诱导了β-大马士革酮代谢途径上的类胡萝卜素清除二氧生成酶 4B （VviCCD4b）的表达。这些发现阐明了 ABA 的上游调控以及 ABA 对葡萄中 β-大马士革酮积累的促进作用。这项研究有助于人们对 β-大马士革烯酮生物合成的调控机制有一个新的认识，并为改善葡萄和葡萄酒的香气品质提供了一种策略。
{"title":"VviWRKY24 promotes β-damascenone biosynthesis by targeting VviNCED1 to increase abscisic acid in grape berries","authors":"Yi Wei, Yachen Wang, Xiao Meng, Xuechen Yao, Nongyu Xia, Huimin Zhang, Nan Meng, Changqing Duan, Qiuhong Pan","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf017","url":null,"abstract":"Norisoprenoids, which are produced by the cleavage of various carotenoids, are a class of volatile aroma compounds that widely distributed in plants. In wine, they represent a significant source of floral and fruity aromas. β-Damascenone is the most abundant and important norisoprenoid constituent in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) and wines. However, the regulatory mechanism of β-damascenone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. The present study has identified a WRKY transcription factor, VviWRKY24, as a key regulator of β-damascenone accumulation in grape berries. The results of overexpression and gene silencing assays in grape leaves, berries and calli demonstrated that VviWRKY24 altered the flow of norisoprenoid metabolism and influenced the composition ratio of norisoprenoids, particularly enhancing the levels of β-damascenone. The results of the RNA-seq, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays provided confirmation that VviWRKY24 promoted abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis by directly upregulating the expression of VviNCED1. The increase in ABA content resulted in further induction of the expression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4B (VviCCD4b) on β-damascenone metabolic pathway. These findings elucidate the upstream regulation of ABA and the promotion of ABA on the accumulation of β-damascenone in grapes. This study contributes to a novel understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of β-damascenone biosynthesis and provides a strategy for improving the aroma quality of grapes and wine.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internal browning (IB) is a common chilling injury (CI) feature in peach fruit after prolonged cold storage. Our previous study demonstrated that low O2 and elevated CO2 (eCO2) condition of modified atmosphere (MA) storage alleviated CI by facilitating the accumulation of jasmonic acids (JAs) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ (‘ZHST’) peach fruit. Here we show that 10 % CO2 alone can improve cold tolerance, with ethylene response factor 17 (PpERF17) identified as a pivotal transcription factor (TF) that promotes biosynthesis of JAs and GABA. Stable transformation of PpERF17 in tobacco resulted in reduced cold damage, attributed to decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as enhanced accumulation of JAs and GABA. Moreover, under eCO2, PpMYC2.1, the master regulator of JA signaling, was found to activate transcription of 13S-lipoxygenase (Pp13S-LOX), allene oxide synthase (PpAOS), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (PpOPR3) and glutamate decarboxylase (PpGAD), while also inducing the expression of the upstream TF PpERF17, thereby establishing positive feedback loops upregulating JA and GABA biosynthesis. Finally, application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to fruit before shelf transfer from cold storage alleviated chilling injury development, due to increased accumulation of JAs and GABA as a result of raised expression of related biosynthetic genes. Collectively, our results suggest that eCO2-induced PpERF17 enhances JAs and GABA accumulation while activating the JA signaling pathway. This contributes to a positive feedback loop mediated by PpMYC2.1, ultimately alleviating CI of peach fruit through the sustained accumulation of JAs and GABA.
内部褐变（IB）是桃果实长期冷藏后常见的冷害（CI）特征。我们之前的研究表明，低氧和高二氧化碳（eCO2）条件下的改良气氛（MA）贮藏通过促进茉莉酸（JAs）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在'Zhonghuashoutao'（'ZHST'）桃果实中的积累来减轻 CI。在这里，我们发现仅 10% CO2 就能提高耐寒性，乙烯响应因子 17 (PpERF17) 被确定为促进 JAs 和 GABA 生物合成的关键转录因子 (TF)。在烟草中稳定转化 PpERF17 可减少冷害，这归因于过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）水平的降低，以及 JAs 和 GABA 积累的增强。此外，在 eCO2 条件下，PpMYC2.1可激活13S-脂氧合酶（Pp13S-LOX）、烯氧化物合酶（PpAOS）、12-氧代植物二烯酸还原酶3（PpOPR3）和谷氨酸脱羧酶（PpGAD）的转录，同时还可诱导上游TF PpERF17的表达，从而建立起上调JA和GABA生物合成的正反馈回路。最后，在果实从冷库转移到货架前施用茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）可减轻冷害的发展，这是因为相关生物合成基因的表达提高导致 JA 和 GABA 的积累增加。总之，我们的研究结果表明，eCO2-诱导的 PpERF17 在激活 JA 信号通路的同时，也增强了 JA 和 GABA 的积累。这促成了由 PpMYC2.1 介导的正反馈循环，最终通过 JA 和 GABA 的持续积累缓解了桃果的 CI。
{"title":"PpERF17 alleviates peach fruit postharvest chilling injury under elevated CO2 by activating jasmonic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis","authors":"Shaojie Ai, Ling Liang, Mengfei Liu, Don Grierson, Kunsong Chen, Changjie Xu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Internal browning (IB) is a common chilling injury (CI) feature in peach fruit after prolonged cold storage. Our previous study demonstrated that low O2 and elevated CO2 (eCO2) condition of modified atmosphere (MA) storage alleviated CI by facilitating the accumulation of jasmonic acids (JAs) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ (‘ZHST’) peach fruit. Here we show that 10 % CO2 alone can improve cold tolerance, with ethylene response factor 17 (PpERF17) identified as a pivotal transcription factor (TF) that promotes biosynthesis of JAs and GABA. Stable transformation of PpERF17 in tobacco resulted in reduced cold damage, attributed to decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as enhanced accumulation of JAs and GABA. Moreover, under eCO2, PpMYC2.1, the master regulator of JA signaling, was found to activate transcription of 13S-lipoxygenase (Pp13S-LOX), allene oxide synthase (PpAOS), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (PpOPR3) and glutamate decarboxylase (PpGAD), while also inducing the expression of the upstream TF PpERF17, thereby establishing positive feedback loops upregulating JA and GABA biosynthesis. Finally, application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to fruit before shelf transfer from cold storage alleviated chilling injury development, due to increased accumulation of JAs and GABA as a result of raised expression of related biosynthetic genes. Collectively, our results suggest that eCO2-induced PpERF17 enhances JAs and GABA accumulation while activating the JA signaling pathway. This contributes to a positive feedback loop mediated by PpMYC2.1, ultimately alleviating CI of peach fruit through the sustained accumulation of JAs and GABA.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wentao Gao, Sui Wang, Tao Jiang, Heng Hu, Runtian Gao, Murong Zhou, Guohua Wang
Populus trichocarpa, a pivotal model organism for woody transgenic research, not only garners substantial scientific interest but plays an integral role in forestry economics. Previous genomic assemblies of P. trichocarpa predominantly treated its heterozygous genome as homozygous, thereby neglecting crucial haplotypic diversity. Leveraging the high fidelity (HiFi) sequencing capabilities of PacBio sequencing and the chromosome conformation capture insights provided by Illumina's Hi-C technique, this study is the first to achieve a near telomere-to-telomere assembly of both paternal and maternal haplotypes in P. trichocarpa. Comparative genomic analysis between these haplotypes has uncovered several allelic variants and pathways critical for trait determination through allele-specific expression. Furthermore, utilizing RNA-seq data from multiple tissues, this investigation has detailed the tissue-specific expression patterns of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene family, which are essential in mediating plant signal transduction and developmental regulation. Our results not only illuminate the functional genomics landscape of P. trichocarpa but also provide invaluable theoretical underpinnings for the genetic improvement of woody plants and a robust framework for exploring genetic variability and allelic expression disparities in arboreal species.
毛白杨（Populus trichocarpa）是木质转基因研究的关键模式生物，不仅在科学上备受关注，而且在林业经济中发挥着不可或缺的作用。以前的毛白杨基因组组装主要是将其杂合基因组视为同源基因组，从而忽略了关键的单倍型多样性。本研究利用 PacBio 测序技术的高保真（HiFi）测序能力和 Illumina 的 Hi-C 技术提供的染色体构象捕获洞察力，首次实现了 P. trichocarpa 父系和母系单倍型的近端粒到端粒组装。这些单倍型之间的比较基因组分析发现了几个等位基因变异，以及通过等位基因特异性表达决定性状的关键途径。此外，这项研究利用来自多个组织的 RNA-seq 数据，详细描述了富亮氨酸重复（LRR）基因家族的组织特异性表达模式，这些基因在介导植物信号转导和发育调控方面至关重要。我们的研究结果不仅阐明了 P. trichocarpa 的功能基因组学情况，还为木本植物的遗传改良提供了宝贵的理论基础，并为探索树栖物种的遗传变异和等位基因表达差异提供了一个稳健的框架。
{"title":"Chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Populus trichocarpa","authors":"Wentao Gao, Sui Wang, Tao Jiang, Heng Hu, Runtian Gao, Murong Zhou, Guohua Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf012","url":null,"abstract":"Populus trichocarpa, a pivotal model organism for woody transgenic research, not only garners substantial scientific interest but plays an integral role in forestry economics. Previous genomic assemblies of P. trichocarpa predominantly treated its heterozygous genome as homozygous, thereby neglecting crucial haplotypic diversity. Leveraging the high fidelity (HiFi) sequencing capabilities of PacBio sequencing and the chromosome conformation capture insights provided by Illumina's Hi-C technique, this study is the first to achieve a near telomere-to-telomere assembly of both paternal and maternal haplotypes in P. trichocarpa. Comparative genomic analysis between these haplotypes has uncovered several allelic variants and pathways critical for trait determination through allele-specific expression. Furthermore, utilizing RNA-seq data from multiple tissues, this investigation has detailed the tissue-specific expression patterns of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene family, which are essential in mediating plant signal transduction and developmental regulation. Our results not only illuminate the functional genomics landscape of P. trichocarpa but also provide invaluable theoretical underpinnings for the genetic improvement of woody plants and a robust framework for exploring genetic variability and allelic expression disparities in arboreal species.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating disease affecting plants in the Solanaceae family. In our previous study, CaHDZ27 was shown to act crucially in the pepper defense response to R. solanacearum. However, the molecular basis underlying CaHDZ27 function remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that CaHDZ27 is post-translationally regulated by the 14-3-3 protein CaTFT7, which functions as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CaTFT7 is transcriptionally induced by R. solanacearum infection. The data from virus-induced gene silencing revealed that CaTFT7 positively affects pepper immunity, which was further confirmed by the data of CaTFT7-overexpressing Nicotiana benthamiana. CaTFT7 interacted with CaHDZ27, thereby promoting the stability of CaHDZ27 and enhancing CaHDZ27 binding to the promoter of cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 5 (CaCRK5), a gene that positively affects pepper defense against R. solanacearum. The above data indicated that CaTFT7 enhanced CaHDZ27 stability and promoted its ability to activate pepper immunity, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying pepper resistance to bacterial wilt.
{"title":"The 14-3-3 protein CaTFT7 interacts with transcription factor CaHDZ27 to positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum","authors":"Shaoliang Mou, Xiaodan Chen, Jiao Cai, Tingting Zhang, Tong Luo, Shuilin He","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating disease affecting plants in the Solanaceae family. In our previous study, CaHDZ27 was shown to act crucially in the pepper defense response to R. solanacearum. However, the molecular basis underlying CaHDZ27 function remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that CaHDZ27 is post-translationally regulated by the 14-3-3 protein CaTFT7, which functions as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CaTFT7 is transcriptionally induced by R. solanacearum infection. The data from virus-induced gene silencing revealed that CaTFT7 positively affects pepper immunity, which was further confirmed by the data of CaTFT7-overexpressing Nicotiana benthamiana. CaTFT7 interacted with CaHDZ27, thereby promoting the stability of CaHDZ27 and enhancing CaHDZ27 binding to the promoter of cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 5 (CaCRK5), a gene that positively affects pepper defense against R. solanacearum. The above data indicated that CaTFT7 enhanced CaHDZ27 stability and promoted its ability to activate pepper immunity, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying pepper resistance to bacterial wilt.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Séverine Monnot, Anaïs Ravineau, Eva Coindre, Pascale Mistral, Karine Leyre, Joel Chadœuf, Melissa Cantet, Nathalie Boissot
Cucumber crops face high pressure from pathogens, including various viral species. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for vegetable resistance to viruses has primarily been conducted after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments, but not in crop field conditions. Moreover, viruses which cannot be mechanically inoculated, e.g. the cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), have been overlooked in resistance studies. Here we aimed to identify QTLs reducing epidemics of two prevalent cucumber viruses: CABYV and the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We evaluated the resistance of 256 elite cucumber lines and landraces in crop field conditions by screening for the presence of both viruses six-times during the season. We mapped twelve QTLs reducing CABYV epidemics and seven QTLs reducing CMV epidemics by combining multi-loci genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and local score approach analyses. We also examined the attractiveness of this cucumber panel for Aphis gossypii, a major cucumber virus vector. We identified five QTLs that reduced the attractiveness, including one co-localizing with a QTL reducing CABYV epidemics. Interestingly, some accessions deemed CMV-resistant after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments showed high infection rates in crop field conditions. Only one QTL for CMV resistance was detected in both conditions, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by independent QTLs. Local linkage disequilibrium study findings suggested that certain QTLs reducing epidemics were introduced early into elite lines through serendipity or selection. QTLs could be pyramided with other low effect QTLs through genomic selection to obtain cucumber cultivars with enhanced field resistance to viruses.
{"title":"Genome-wide association studies to assess genetic factors controlling cucumber resistance to CABYV and CMV in crop fields and the attractiveness for their Aphis gossypii vector”","authors":"Séverine Monnot, Anaïs Ravineau, Eva Coindre, Pascale Mistral, Karine Leyre, Joel Chadœuf, Melissa Cantet, Nathalie Boissot","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf016","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber crops face high pressure from pathogens, including various viral species. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for vegetable resistance to viruses has primarily been conducted after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments, but not in crop field conditions. Moreover, viruses which cannot be mechanically inoculated, e.g. the cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), have been overlooked in resistance studies. Here we aimed to identify QTLs reducing epidemics of two prevalent cucumber viruses: CABYV and the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We evaluated the resistance of 256 elite cucumber lines and landraces in crop field conditions by screening for the presence of both viruses six-times during the season. We mapped twelve QTLs reducing CABYV epidemics and seven QTLs reducing CMV epidemics by combining multi-loci genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and local score approach analyses. We also examined the attractiveness of this cucumber panel for Aphis gossypii, a major cucumber virus vector. We identified five QTLs that reduced the attractiveness, including one co-localizing with a QTL reducing CABYV epidemics. Interestingly, some accessions deemed CMV-resistant after mechanical inoculation in controlled environments showed high infection rates in crop field conditions. Only one QTL for CMV resistance was detected in both conditions, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by independent QTLs. Local linkage disequilibrium study findings suggested that certain QTLs reducing epidemics were introduced early into elite lines through serendipity or selection. QTLs could be pyramided with other low effect QTLs through genomic selection to obtain cucumber cultivars with enhanced field resistance to viruses.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant epicuticular waxes (EW) play a critical role in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, onions (Allium cepa L.) present a distinctive case where the mutant with defect in leaf and stalk EW showed resistance to thrips compared with the wild type with integral EW. We identified a premature stop codon mutation in the AcCER2 gene, an ortholog of CER2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana which has been proved essential for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), in the onions with glossy leaf and stalks in our experiments. The data hinted at the possibility that this mutation might impede the elongation process of VLCFAs from C28 to C32, thereby hindering the production of 16-hentriacontanone, a primary constituent of onion EW. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in expression of genes in the pathways related not only to lipid synthesis and transport but also to signal transduction and cell wall modification in glossy mutants. Meanwhile, metabolomic profiling indicates a remarkable increase in flavonoid accumulation and a significant reduction in soluble sugar content in glossy mutants. These findings suggested that the enhanced resistance of glossy mutants to thrips might be a consequence of multiple physiological changes, and our integrated multi-omics analysis highlighting the regulatory role of AcCER2 in these processes. Our study has yielded valuable insights into the biosynthesis of onion EW and has provided an initial hypothesis for the mechanisms underlying thrips resistance. These findings hold significant promise for the breeding programs of thrip-resistant onion.
{"title":"A premature termination codon mutation in the onion AcCER2 gene is associated with both glossy leaves and thrip resistance","authors":"Pengzheng Lei, Meihong Pan, Shiqiang Kang, Peng Zeng, Yu Ma, Yingmei Peng, Xiushan Ma, Wei Chen, Linyu He, Haifeng Yang, Weiya Li, Shilin Zhang, Linchong Hui, Jing Cai","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf006","url":null,"abstract":"Plant epicuticular waxes (EW) play a critical role in defending against biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, onions (Allium cepa L.) present a distinctive case where the mutant with defect in leaf and stalk EW showed resistance to thrips compared with the wild type with integral EW. We identified a premature stop codon mutation in the AcCER2 gene, an ortholog of CER2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana which has been proved essential for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), in the onions with glossy leaf and stalks in our experiments. The data hinted at the possibility that this mutation might impede the elongation process of VLCFAs from C28 to C32, thereby hindering the production of 16-hentriacontanone, a primary constituent of onion EW. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in expression of genes in the pathways related not only to lipid synthesis and transport but also to signal transduction and cell wall modification in glossy mutants. Meanwhile, metabolomic profiling indicates a remarkable increase in flavonoid accumulation and a significant reduction in soluble sugar content in glossy mutants. These findings suggested that the enhanced resistance of glossy mutants to thrips might be a consequence of multiple physiological changes, and our integrated multi-omics analysis highlighting the regulatory role of AcCER2 in these processes. Our study has yielded valuable insights into the biosynthesis of onion EW and has provided an initial hypothesis for the mechanisms underlying thrips resistance. These findings hold significant promise for the breeding programs of thrip-resistant onion.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caiyun Li, Feixue Wu, Lei Yang, Nana Liu, Xinfu Zhang, Fengfeng Qu, Liping Gao, Tao Xia, Lei Zhao, Peiqiang Wang
Benzoates, particularly salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives, play critical roles in plant immune responses and basal defense through hydroxylation and glycosylation. Anthracnose is one of the most common and devastating diseases in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). However, the role of SA and its derivatives in tea plant immunity and resistance to anthracnose remains largely unexplored. In present study, we identified and characterized a glycosyltransferase, CsUGT74B5, which was significantly downregulated in tea seedlings upon anthracnose infection. CsUGT74B5 was preferentially expressed in mature leaves and stem, and responded rapidly to exogenous SA treatment. Phylogenetic analysis suggested CsUGT74B5 might possess the catalytic activity toward benzoates. Enzymatic assays and molecular docking demonstrated recombinant CsUGT74B5 specifically glycosylated at the ortho hydroxyl groups of SA and 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2, 6-DHBA), but did not glycosylate 2, 3-DHBA, 2, 5-DHBA or other substrates in vitro. Overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) reduced SA level while promoting the accumulation of SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG), further validating the in vivo function of CsUGT74B5. Moreover, transient overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in two tea plant cultivars increased their sensitivity to anthracnose and accelerated lesion development, which was attributed to decreased SA levels. Overall, our finding demonstrated that CsUGT74B5-mediated biosynthesis of SAG regulated tea plant immunity against anthracnose by fine-tuning free SA levels, providing new progress into the immunity response of tea plants.
{"title":"UGT74B5-Mediated Glucosylation at ortho Hydroxyl Groups of Benzoic Acid Derivatives Regulating Plant Immunity to Anthracnose in Tea Plants","authors":"Caiyun Li, Feixue Wu, Lei Yang, Nana Liu, Xinfu Zhang, Fengfeng Qu, Liping Gao, Tao Xia, Lei Zhao, Peiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf009","url":null,"abstract":"Benzoates, particularly salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives, play critical roles in plant immune responses and basal defense through hydroxylation and glycosylation. Anthracnose is one of the most common and devastating diseases in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). However, the role of SA and its derivatives in tea plant immunity and resistance to anthracnose remains largely unexplored. In present study, we identified and characterized a glycosyltransferase, CsUGT74B5, which was significantly downregulated in tea seedlings upon anthracnose infection. CsUGT74B5 was preferentially expressed in mature leaves and stem, and responded rapidly to exogenous SA treatment. Phylogenetic analysis suggested CsUGT74B5 might possess the catalytic activity toward benzoates. Enzymatic assays and molecular docking demonstrated recombinant CsUGT74B5 specifically glycosylated at the ortho hydroxyl groups of SA and 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2, 6-DHBA), but did not glycosylate 2, 3-DHBA, 2, 5-DHBA or other substrates in vitro. Overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) reduced SA level while promoting the accumulation of SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG), further validating the in vivo function of CsUGT74B5. Moreover, transient overexpression of CsUGT74B5 in two tea plant cultivars increased their sensitivity to anthracnose and accelerated lesion development, which was attributed to decreased SA levels. Overall, our finding demonstrated that CsUGT74B5-mediated biosynthesis of SAG regulated tea plant immunity against anthracnose by fine-tuning free SA levels, providing new progress into the immunity response of tea plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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