Miao Liu, Junhua Wang, Zhengzhen Li, Xin Li, Helena Korpelainen, Chunyang Li
The circadian clock mediates metabolic functions of plants and rhythmically shapes structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. However, it is unclear how the circadian rhythm of plant hosts regulates changes in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and nutrient cycles. In the present study, we measured diel changes in the rhizosphere of bacterial and fungal communities, and in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in 20-year-old tea plantations. The fungal communities were more stable in their responses to circadian changes than bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the variants LJ43 and ZC108. Nevertheless, fungal genera with circadian rhythms were more numerous and had a higher abundance at midnight. Organic P and N mineralization in the rhizosphere was more intensive in LJ43 under day-night alterations, while inorganic N and P cycling were more easily affected by circadian rhythms in ZC108. The rhizosphere denitrification encoded by the genes AOA and AOB was intensive in the morning, irrespective of tea species. Genes related to rhizosphere N fixation (nifH) and denitrification (nosZ and nirK) expressed at greater levels in ZC108, and they reached a peak at midnight. Moreover, the diel rhythm of rhizosphere microbial communities in ZC108 largely regulated dial changes in N and P cycling. These results suggested that the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere respond differently to circadian rhythms, and they vary between tea species. The timing of bacterial and fungal cycling largely regulates rhizosphere N and P cycling and their ecological functions.
{"title":"Circadian rhythms of microbial communities and their role in regulating nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the rhizosphere of tea plants","authors":"Miao Liu, Junhua Wang, Zhengzhen Li, Xin Li, Helena Korpelainen, Chunyang Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae267","url":null,"abstract":"The circadian clock mediates metabolic functions of plants and rhythmically shapes structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. However, it is unclear how the circadian rhythm of plant hosts regulates changes in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and nutrient cycles. In the present study, we measured diel changes in the rhizosphere of bacterial and fungal communities, and in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in 20-year-old tea plantations. The fungal communities were more stable in their responses to circadian changes than bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the variants LJ43 and ZC108. Nevertheless, fungal genera with circadian rhythms were more numerous and had a higher abundance at midnight. Organic P and N mineralization in the rhizosphere was more intensive in LJ43 under day-night alterations, while inorganic N and P cycling were more easily affected by circadian rhythms in ZC108. The rhizosphere denitrification encoded by the genes AOA and AOB was intensive in the morning, irrespective of tea species. Genes related to rhizosphere N fixation (nifH) and denitrification (nosZ and nirK) expressed at greater levels in ZC108, and they reached a peak at midnight. Moreover, the diel rhythm of rhizosphere microbial communities in ZC108 largely regulated dial changes in N and P cycling. These results suggested that the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere respond differently to circadian rhythms, and they vary between tea species. The timing of bacterial and fungal cycling largely regulates rhizosphere N and P cycling and their ecological functions.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triterpene (C30 isoprene compounds) represents the most structurally diverse class of natural products and has been extensively exploited in the food, medicine and industrial sectors. Decades of research on medicinal triterpene biosynthetic pathways have revealed their roles in stress tolerance and shaping microbiota. However, the biological function and mechanism of triterpenes are not fully identified. Even this scientific window narrows down for horticultural trees. The lack of knowledge and a scalable production system limits the discovery of triterpene pathways. Recent synthetic biology research revealed several important biosynthetic pathways that define their roles and address many societal sustainability challenges. Here, I review the chemical diversity and biosynthetic enzymes involved in triterpene biosynthesis of horticultural trees. This review also outlines the integrated Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) pipelines for the discovery, characterization and optimization of triterpene biosynthetic pathways. Further, these DBTL components share many fundamental and technical difficulties, highlighting opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers worldwide. This advancement opens up unprecedented opportunities for the bioengineering of triterpene compounds towards development and scaleup processes.
{"title":"Recent trends in the elucidation of complex triterpene biosynthetic pathways in horticultural trees","authors":"Sandeep Dinday","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae254","url":null,"abstract":"Triterpene (C30 isoprene compounds) represents the most structurally diverse class of natural products and has been extensively exploited in the food, medicine and industrial sectors. Decades of research on medicinal triterpene biosynthetic pathways have revealed their roles in stress tolerance and shaping microbiota. However, the biological function and mechanism of triterpenes are not fully identified. Even this scientific window narrows down for horticultural trees. The lack of knowledge and a scalable production system limits the discovery of triterpene pathways. Recent synthetic biology research revealed several important biosynthetic pathways that define their roles and address many societal sustainability challenges. Here, I review the chemical diversity and biosynthetic enzymes involved in triterpene biosynthesis of horticultural trees. This review also outlines the integrated Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) pipelines for the discovery, characterization and optimization of triterpene biosynthetic pathways. Further, these DBTL components share many fundamental and technical difficulties, highlighting opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers worldwide. This advancement opens up unprecedented opportunities for the bioengineering of triterpene compounds towards development and scaleup processes.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fruit firmness is an important trait for characterizing the quality and value of apple. It is also serves as an indicator of fruit maturity, as it is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes. Re-sequencing techniques can be employed to elucidate variations in such complex fruit traits. Here, the whole genomes of 294 F1 hybrids of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Cripp's Pink’ were re-sequenced, and a high-density bin-map was constructed using 5,014 bin markers with a total map distance of 2,213.23 cM and an average map distance of 0.44 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of traits related to fruit were mapped, and an A-T allele variant identified in the coding region of MdNAC5 was found to potentially regulate fruit firmness and ripening. The overexpression of MdNAC5A resulted in higher production of methionine and 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid compared to MdNAC5T, leading to reduced fruit firmness and accelerated ripening in apples and tomatoes. Furthermore, the activities of MdNAC5A and MdNAC5T were enhanced through their differential binding to the promoter regions of MdACS1 and MdERF3. Spatial variations in MdNAC5A and MdNAC5T caused changes in MdACS1 expression following their interaction with MdERF3. Ultimately, utilizing different MdNAC5 alleles offers a strategy to manipulate fruit firmness in apple breeding.
{"title":"Natural variation in MdNAC5 contributes to fruit firmness and ripening divergence in apple","authors":"Li Liu, Yuanji Wang, Jianhua Guo, Ziqi Han, Kaixuan Yu, Yaxiao Song, Hongfei Chen, Hua Gao, Yazhou Yang, Zhengyang Zhao","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae284","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit firmness is an important trait for characterizing the quality and value of apple. It is also serves as an indicator of fruit maturity, as it is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes. Re-sequencing techniques can be employed to elucidate variations in such complex fruit traits. Here, the whole genomes of 294 F1 hybrids of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Cripp's Pink’ were re-sequenced, and a high-density bin-map was constructed using 5,014 bin markers with a total map distance of 2,213.23 cM and an average map distance of 0.44 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of traits related to fruit were mapped, and an A-T allele variant identified in the coding region of MdNAC5 was found to potentially regulate fruit firmness and ripening. The overexpression of MdNAC5A resulted in higher production of methionine and 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid compared to MdNAC5T, leading to reduced fruit firmness and accelerated ripening in apples and tomatoes. Furthermore, the activities of MdNAC5A and MdNAC5T were enhanced through their differential binding to the promoter regions of MdACS1 and MdERF3. Spatial variations in MdNAC5A and MdNAC5T caused changes in MdACS1 expression following their interaction with MdERF3. Ultimately, utilizing different MdNAC5 alleles offers a strategy to manipulate fruit firmness in apple breeding.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) is a core transcription factor that regulates the expression of aluminum (Al)-resistance genes to manage Al toxicity in plants. However, the genome-wide roles of SlSTOP1 in the Al stress response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) remain largely unknown. Here, we report that SlSTOP1 is crucial for Al tolerance in tomato, as loss-of-function mutants of SlSTOP1 displayed hypersensitivity to Al stress. Aluminum stress had no effect on SlSTOP1 mRNA expression, but promoted accumulation of SlSTOP1 protein in the nucleus. Through integrated DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 39 SlSTOP1-targeted Al-responsive genes, some of which are homologous to known Al resistance genes in other plant species, suggesting that these SlSTOP1-targeted genes play essential roles in Al resistance in tomato. Furthermore, using peak enrichment analysis of SlSTOP1-targeted sequences, we identified a cis-acting element bound by SlSTOP1 and validated this finding via dual-luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Additionally, we demonstrated SlHAK5 is one of direct targets of SlSTOP1 and functionally characterized it in terms of Al stress tolerance. Compared with wild-type plants, Slhak5 mutants developed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology presented increased sensitivity to Al stress, which was associated with reduced citrate secretion from the roots. Together, our findings demonstrate that SlSTOP1 directly interacts with cis-acting elements located in the promoters of target genes involved in diverse pathways contributing to Al resistance in tomato.
{"title":"SlSTOP1-regulated SlHAK5 expression confers Al tolerance in tomato by facilitating citrate secretion from roots","authors":"Huihui Zhu, Weiwei Chen, Zheng’an Yang, Congfang Zeng, Wei Fan, Jianli Yang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae282","url":null,"abstract":"SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) is a core transcription factor that regulates the expression of aluminum (Al)-resistance genes to manage Al toxicity in plants. However, the genome-wide roles of SlSTOP1 in the Al stress response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) remain largely unknown. Here, we report that SlSTOP1 is crucial for Al tolerance in tomato, as loss-of-function mutants of SlSTOP1 displayed hypersensitivity to Al stress. Aluminum stress had no effect on SlSTOP1 mRNA expression, but promoted accumulation of SlSTOP1 protein in the nucleus. Through integrated DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 39 SlSTOP1-targeted Al-responsive genes, some of which are homologous to known Al resistance genes in other plant species, suggesting that these SlSTOP1-targeted genes play essential roles in Al resistance in tomato. Furthermore, using peak enrichment analysis of SlSTOP1-targeted sequences, we identified a cis-acting element bound by SlSTOP1 and validated this finding via dual-luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Additionally, we demonstrated SlHAK5 is one of direct targets of SlSTOP1 and functionally characterized it in terms of Al stress tolerance. Compared with wild-type plants, Slhak5 mutants developed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology presented increased sensitivity to Al stress, which was associated with reduced citrate secretion from the roots. Together, our findings demonstrate that SlSTOP1 directly interacts with cis-acting elements located in the promoters of target genes involved in diverse pathways contributing to Al resistance in tomato.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Wu, Haonan Chen, Mengbo Wu, Yuanyi Zhou, Chuying Yu, Qihong Yang, Filip Rolland, Bram Van de Poel, Mondher Bouzayen, Nan Hu, Yikui Wang, Mingchun Liu
Sugars act as signaling molecules to modulate various growth processes and enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, sugars contribute to the post-harvest flavor in fleshy fruit crops. To date, the regulation of sugar metabolism and its effect in plant growth, fruit ripening, postharvest quality and stress resistance remains not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of tomato gene encoding a vacuolar invertase, hydrolyzing sucrose to glucose and fructose. SlVI is specifically expressed during the tomato fruit ripening process. We found that overexpression of SlVI resulted in increased leaf size and early flowering, while knockout of SlVI led to increased fruit sucrose content, enhanced fruit firmness, and elevated resistance of postharvest fruit to Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, the content of naringenin and total soluble solids was significantly increased in SlVI knockout fruit at postharvest stage. Transcriptome analysis showed a negative feedback regulation triggered by sucrose accumulation in SlVI knockout fruit resulting in a downregulation of BAM3 and AMY2, which are critical for starch degradation. Moreover, genes associated with cell wall, cutin, wax, and flavonoid biosynthesis and pathogen resistance were upregulated in SlVI knockout fruit. Conversely, the expression levels of genes involved in cell wall degradation were decreased in knockout fruit. These results are consistent with the enhanced postharvest quality and resistance. Our findings not only provide new insights into the relationship between tomato fruit sucrose content and postharvest fruit quality, but also suggest new strategies to enhance fruit quality and extend postharvest shelf life.
{"title":"A vacuolar invertase gene SlVI modulates sugar metabolism and postharvest fruit quality and stress resistance in tomato","authors":"Yu Wu, Haonan Chen, Mengbo Wu, Yuanyi Zhou, Chuying Yu, Qihong Yang, Filip Rolland, Bram Van de Poel, Mondher Bouzayen, Nan Hu, Yikui Wang, Mingchun Liu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae283","url":null,"abstract":"Sugars act as signaling molecules to modulate various growth processes and enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, sugars contribute to the post-harvest flavor in fleshy fruit crops. To date, the regulation of sugar metabolism and its effect in plant growth, fruit ripening, postharvest quality and stress resistance remains not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of tomato gene encoding a vacuolar invertase, hydrolyzing sucrose to glucose and fructose. SlVI is specifically expressed during the tomato fruit ripening process. We found that overexpression of SlVI resulted in increased leaf size and early flowering, while knockout of SlVI led to increased fruit sucrose content, enhanced fruit firmness, and elevated resistance of postharvest fruit to Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, the content of naringenin and total soluble solids was significantly increased in SlVI knockout fruit at postharvest stage. Transcriptome analysis showed a negative feedback regulation triggered by sucrose accumulation in SlVI knockout fruit resulting in a downregulation of BAM3 and AMY2, which are critical for starch degradation. Moreover, genes associated with cell wall, cutin, wax, and flavonoid biosynthesis and pathogen resistance were upregulated in SlVI knockout fruit. Conversely, the expression levels of genes involved in cell wall degradation were decreased in knockout fruit. These results are consistent with the enhanced postharvest quality and resistance. Our findings not only provide new insights into the relationship between tomato fruit sucrose content and postharvest fruit quality, but also suggest new strategies to enhance fruit quality and extend postharvest shelf life.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought stress and lateral branch are both important factors affecting crop yield. Cucumber is a widely planted vegetable crop that requires a large amount of water during its production and prefers varieties with few lateral branches. However, the mechanism regulating cucumber drought tolerance and lateral branch development remain largely unclear. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (CsAGL16) was recently found to be a key positive regulator in cucumber shoot branching through stimulating ABA catabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that cucumber TCP interactor containing EAR motif protein 1 (CsTIE1) directly interacts with CsAGL16 at protein level and promotes lateral branch outgrowth through the CsAGL16-CsCYP707A4 mediated ABA pathway in cucumber. Additionally, mutation of CsAGL16 resulted in decreased drought tolerance, while overexpression of CsAGL16 significantly enhanced drought tolerance in cucumber. Similarly, the drought resistance of Cstie1 mutants was significantly reduced. However, overexpression of CsAGL16 can enhance the drought tolerance of Cstie1 mutants and promote their lateral branch outgrowth. These results indicated that the CsTIE1-CsAGL16 module was crucial for both lateral branch development and drought response, providing a strategy for cultivating drought tolerant cucumber varieties with appropriate branch outgrowth.
{"title":"The CsTIE1-CsAGL16 module regulates lateral branch outgrowth and drought tolerance in cucumber","authors":"Jiacai Chen, Guangxin Chen, Jingyu Guo, Yuting He, Liu Liu, Shaoyun Wang, Chaoheng Gu, Lijie Han, Min Li, Weiyuan Song, Liming Wang, Xiaolan Zhang, Jianyu Zhao","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae279","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress and lateral branch are both important factors affecting crop yield. Cucumber is a widely planted vegetable crop that requires a large amount of water during its production and prefers varieties with few lateral branches. However, the mechanism regulating cucumber drought tolerance and lateral branch development remain largely unclear. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (CsAGL16) was recently found to be a key positive regulator in cucumber shoot branching through stimulating ABA catabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that cucumber TCP interactor containing EAR motif protein 1 (CsTIE1) directly interacts with CsAGL16 at protein level and promotes lateral branch outgrowth through the CsAGL16-CsCYP707A4 mediated ABA pathway in cucumber. Additionally, mutation of CsAGL16 resulted in decreased drought tolerance, while overexpression of CsAGL16 significantly enhanced drought tolerance in cucumber. Similarly, the drought resistance of Cstie1 mutants was significantly reduced. However, overexpression of CsAGL16 can enhance the drought tolerance of Cstie1 mutants and promote their lateral branch outgrowth. These results indicated that the CsTIE1-CsAGL16 module was crucial for both lateral branch development and drought response, providing a strategy for cultivating drought tolerant cucumber varieties with appropriate branch outgrowth.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fresh-cut fruit browning severely affects the appearance of fruit. Light treatment can effectively inhibit fresh-cut apple fruit browning, but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we discovered that violet LED light treatment significantly reduced fresh-cut apple fruit browning. Metabolomic analysis revealed that violet LED light treatment enhanced the phenolic accumulation of fresh-cut apple fruit. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of phenolic degradation genes POLYPHENOL OXIDASE (MdPPO) and PEROXIDASE (MdPOD) was reduced, and the expression of phenolic synthesis gene PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE (MdPAL) was activated by violet LED light treatment. Moreover, two ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5 and MdHYH) transcription factors involved in light signaling were identified. The expression of MdHY5 and MdHYH was activated by violet LED light treatment. Violet LED light treatment no longer inhibited fresh-cut apple fruit browning in MdHY5 or MdHYH silenced fruit. Further experiments revealed that MdHY5 and MdHYH suppressed MdPPO and MdPOD expression and promoted MdPAL expression by binding to their promoters. In addition, MdHY5 and MdHYH bound to each other’s promoters and enhanced their expression. Overall, our findings revealed that violet LED light-activated MdHY5 and MdHYH formed a positive transcriptional loop to regulate the transcription of MdPPO, MdPOD, and MdPAL, which in turn inhibiting the degradation of phenolics and promoting the synthesis of phenolics, thus inhibiting fresh-cut apple fruit browning. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving the appearance and quality of fresh-cut apple fruit.
鲜切果实褐变严重影响果实外观。光处理能有效抑制鲜切苹果果实的褐变，但其调控机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现紫外 LED 光处理能显著减少苹果鲜切果实的褐变。代谢组分析表明，紫外 LED 光处理增强了鲜切苹果果实的酚类物质积累。转录组分析表明，紫外 LED 光处理降低了酚降解基因多酚氧化酶（MdPPO）和过氧化物酶（MdPOD）的表达，激活了酚合成基因酚丙氨酸氨甲基赖氨酸酶（MdPAL）的表达。此外，还发现了两种参与光信号转导的 ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5（MdHY5 和 MdHYH）转录因子。紫外 LED 光处理激活了 MdHY5 和 MdHYH 的表达。紫外 LED 光处理不再抑制 MdHY5 或 MdHYH 沉默果实的鲜切苹果果实褐变。进一步的实验发现，MdHY5 和 MdHYH 通过与 MdPPO 和 MdPOD 的启动子结合，抑制了它们的表达，促进了 MdPAL 的表达。此外，MdHY5 和 MdHYH 还能与彼此的启动子结合，从而增强它们的表达。总之，我们的研究结果表明，紫光 LED 光激活的 MdHY5 和 MdHYH 形成了一个正转录环，调控 MdPPO、MdPOD 和 MdPAL 的转录，进而抑制酚类物质的降解，促进酚类物质的合成，从而抑制鲜切苹果果实的褐变。这些结果为改善鲜切苹果果实的外观和质量提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Violet LED light-activated MdHY5 positively regulates phenolic accumulation to inhibit fresh-cut apple fruit browning","authors":"Juntong Jin, Liyong Qi, Shurong Shen, Shuran Yang, Hui Yuan, Aide Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae276","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh-cut fruit browning severely affects the appearance of fruit. Light treatment can effectively inhibit fresh-cut apple fruit browning, but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we discovered that violet LED light treatment significantly reduced fresh-cut apple fruit browning. Metabolomic analysis revealed that violet LED light treatment enhanced the phenolic accumulation of fresh-cut apple fruit. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of phenolic degradation genes POLYPHENOL OXIDASE (MdPPO) and PEROXIDASE (MdPOD) was reduced, and the expression of phenolic synthesis gene PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE (MdPAL) was activated by violet LED light treatment. Moreover, two ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5 and MdHYH) transcription factors involved in light signaling were identified. The expression of MdHY5 and MdHYH was activated by violet LED light treatment. Violet LED light treatment no longer inhibited fresh-cut apple fruit browning in MdHY5 or MdHYH silenced fruit. Further experiments revealed that MdHY5 and MdHYH suppressed MdPPO and MdPOD expression and promoted MdPAL expression by binding to their promoters. In addition, MdHY5 and MdHYH bound to each other’s promoters and enhanced their expression. Overall, our findings revealed that violet LED light-activated MdHY5 and MdHYH formed a positive transcriptional loop to regulate the transcription of MdPPO, MdPOD, and MdPAL, which in turn inhibiting the degradation of phenolics and promoting the synthesis of phenolics, thus inhibiting fresh-cut apple fruit browning. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving the appearance and quality of fresh-cut apple fruit.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root development is a complex process involving phytohormones and transcription factors. Our previous research has demonstrated that BcWRKY33A is significantly expressed in Bok Choy roots under salt stress, and heterologous expression of BcWRKY33A increases salt tolerance and promotes root development in transgenic Arabidopsis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which BcWRKY33A governs root development remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of BcWRKY33A in both root elongation and root hair formation in transgenic Bok choy roots. Our data indicated that overexpression of BcWRKY33A stimulated root growth and stabilized root hair morphology, while silencing BcWRKY33A prevented primary root elongation and resulted in abnormal root hairs morphology. Meanwhile, our research uncovered that BcWRKY33A directly binds to the promoters of BcLRP1 and BcCOW1, leading to an upregulation of their expression. In transgenic Bok choy roots, increased BcLRP1 and BcCOW1 transcript levels improved primary root elongation and root hair formation, respectively. Additionally, we pinpointed BcWRKY25 as a NaCl-responsive gene that directly stimulates the expression of BcWRKY33A in response to salt stress. All results shed light on the regulatory mechanisms governing root development by BcWRKY25-BcWRKY33A-BcLRP1/BcCOW1 module and propose potential strategies for improving salt tolerance in Bok choy.
{"title":"BcWRKY25-BcWRKY33A-BcLRP1/BcCOW1 module promotes root development for improved salt tolerance in Bok choy","authors":"Huiyu Wang, Yushan Zheng, Meiyun Wang, Wusheng Liu, Ying Li, Dong Xiao, Tongkun Liu, Xilin Hou","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae280","url":null,"abstract":"Root development is a complex process involving phytohormones and transcription factors. Our previous research has demonstrated that BcWRKY33A is significantly expressed in Bok Choy roots under salt stress, and heterologous expression of BcWRKY33A increases salt tolerance and promotes root development in transgenic Arabidopsis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which BcWRKY33A governs root development remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of BcWRKY33A in both root elongation and root hair formation in transgenic Bok choy roots. Our data indicated that overexpression of BcWRKY33A stimulated root growth and stabilized root hair morphology, while silencing BcWRKY33A prevented primary root elongation and resulted in abnormal root hairs morphology. Meanwhile, our research uncovered that BcWRKY33A directly binds to the promoters of BcLRP1 and BcCOW1, leading to an upregulation of their expression. In transgenic Bok choy roots, increased BcLRP1 and BcCOW1 transcript levels improved primary root elongation and root hair formation, respectively. Additionally, we pinpointed BcWRKY25 as a NaCl-responsive gene that directly stimulates the expression of BcWRKY33A in response to salt stress. All results shed light on the regulatory mechanisms governing root development by BcWRKY25-BcWRKY33A-BcLRP1/BcCOW1 module and propose potential strategies for improving salt tolerance in Bok choy.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oligonucleotide (Oligo)-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) represents a highly effective methodology for identifying plant chromosomes. Longan is a commercially significant fruit species, yet lacking basic chromosomal markers has hindered its cytogenetic research. In this study, we developed a cost-effective oligo-based system for distinguishing chromosomes of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour., 2n = 2x = 30). For this system, each synthesized oligo contained two chromosome-specific sequences that spanned a distance of over 200 kb, and a PCR-based flexible amplification method coupled with nested primers was used for probe labeling. The use of these oligo-based barcodes enabled the marking of 36 chromosomal regions, which allowed for the unambiguous distinction of all 15 chromosomes in both longan and lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 2n = 2x = 30) species. Based on the identification of individual chromosomes, we constructed karyotypes and detected genome assembly errors involving the 35S ribosomal RNA gene (35S rDNA) in longan and lychee. Developing oligo-based barcodes offers considerable promise for advancing cytogenetic research in longan, lychee, and their related species. Furthermore, this cost-effective synthesis system can be referred to the development of new oligo libraries among other species.
{"title":"A cost-effective oligo-based barcode system for chromosome identification in longan and lychee","authors":"Zehuai Yu, Yiying Qi, Yuxuan Wei, Gui Zhuang, Yihan Li, Baiyu Wang, Sehrish Akbar, Yi Xu, Xiuting Hua, Qiutao Xu, Zuhu Deng, Jisen Zhang, Yongji Huang, Fan Yu, Jiannan Zhou","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae278","url":null,"abstract":"Oligonucleotide (Oligo)-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) represents a highly effective methodology for identifying plant chromosomes. Longan is a commercially significant fruit species, yet lacking basic chromosomal markers has hindered its cytogenetic research. In this study, we developed a cost-effective oligo-based system for distinguishing chromosomes of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour., 2n = 2x = 30). For this system, each synthesized oligo contained two chromosome-specific sequences that spanned a distance of over 200 kb, and a PCR-based flexible amplification method coupled with nested primers was used for probe labeling. The use of these oligo-based barcodes enabled the marking of 36 chromosomal regions, which allowed for the unambiguous distinction of all 15 chromosomes in both longan and lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 2n = 2x = 30) species. Based on the identification of individual chromosomes, we constructed karyotypes and detected genome assembly errors involving the 35S ribosomal RNA gene (35S rDNA) in longan and lychee. Developing oligo-based barcodes offers considerable promise for advancing cytogenetic research in longan, lychee, and their related species. Furthermore, this cost-effective synthesis system can be referred to the development of new oligo libraries among other species.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lili Zhang, Chaoyan Chen, Yao Li, Chunyu Suo, Wei Zhou, Xiaowei Liu, Yizhuo Deng, Hamza Sohail, Ziyi Li, Fang Liu, Xuehao Chen, Xiaodong Yang
Increasing agricultural losses caused by insect infestations are a significant problem, so it is important to generate pest-resistant crop varieties to address this issue. Several reviews have examined aphid–plant interactions from an entomological perspective. However, few have specifically focused on plant resistance mechanisms to aphids and their applications in breeding for aphid resistance. In this review, we first outline the types of resistance to aphids in plants, namely antixenosis, tolerance (cell wall lignification, resistance proteins), and antibiosis, and we discuss strategies based on each of these resistance mechanisms to generate plant varieties with improved resistance. We then outline research on the complex interactions among plants, viruses, and aphids, and discuss how aspects of these interactions can be exploited to improve aphid resistance. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms related to induced resistance, i.e., the phenomenon where plants become more resistant to a stress they have encountered previously, may allow for its exploitation in breeding for aphid resistance. Wild relatives of crop plants serve as important sources of resistance traits. Genes related to these traits can be introduced into cultivated crop varieties by breeding or genetic modification, and de novo domestication of wild varieties can be used to exploit multiple excellent characteristics, including aphid resistance. Finally, we discuss the use of molecular design breeding, genomic data, and gene editing to generate new aphid-resistant, high-quality crop varieties.
{"title":"Enhancing Aphid Resistance in Horticultural Crops: A Breeding Prospective","authors":"Lili Zhang, Chaoyan Chen, Yao Li, Chunyu Suo, Wei Zhou, Xiaowei Liu, Yizhuo Deng, Hamza Sohail, Ziyi Li, Fang Liu, Xuehao Chen, Xiaodong Yang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae275","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing agricultural losses caused by insect infestations are a significant problem, so it is important to generate pest-resistant crop varieties to address this issue. Several reviews have examined aphid–plant interactions from an entomological perspective. However, few have specifically focused on plant resistance mechanisms to aphids and their applications in breeding for aphid resistance. In this review, we first outline the types of resistance to aphids in plants, namely antixenosis, tolerance (cell wall lignification, resistance proteins), and antibiosis, and we discuss strategies based on each of these resistance mechanisms to generate plant varieties with improved resistance. We then outline research on the complex interactions among plants, viruses, and aphids, and discuss how aspects of these interactions can be exploited to improve aphid resistance. A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms related to induced resistance, i.e., the phenomenon where plants become more resistant to a stress they have encountered previously, may allow for its exploitation in breeding for aphid resistance. Wild relatives of crop plants serve as important sources of resistance traits. Genes related to these traits can be introduced into cultivated crop varieties by breeding or genetic modification, and de novo domestication of wild varieties can be used to exploit multiple excellent characteristics, including aphid resistance. Finally, we discuss the use of molecular design breeding, genomic data, and gene editing to generate new aphid-resistant, high-quality crop varieties.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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