Fungi produce microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) with functional importance in various biological processes. Our previous research identified a new milRNA Foc-milR87 from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which contributes to fungal virulence by targeting the pathogen glycosyl hydrolase encoding gene. However, the potential roles of fungal milRNAs in interactions with hosts are not well understood. This study demonstrated that Foc-milR87 specifically suppressed the expression of MaPTI6L, a pathogenesis-related gene that encodes a transcriptional activator in the banana (Musa acuminata Cavendish group cv. ‘Baxi Jiao’) genome, by targeting the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of MaPTI6L. Transient overexpression of MaPTI6L activated plant defense responses that depend on its nuclear localization, yet co-expression with Foc-milR87 attenuated these responses. MaPTI6L enhanced plant resistance by promoting transcription of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway marker gene MaEDS1. Sequence analysis of the MaPTI6L gene in 19 banana varieties, particularly those resistant to Fusarium wilt, uncovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at Foc-milR87 target sites. Experimental validation showed that these SNPs significantly reduce the microRNA's ability to suppress target gene expression. Our findings reveal that Foc-milR87 plays an important role in impairing plant resistance by targeting MaPTI6L mRNA and reducing MaEDS1 transcription during the early infection stage, suggesting the 3'UTR of MaPTI6L as a promising target for genome editing in generation of disease-resistant banana cultivars.
{"title":"A virulent milRNA of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense impairs plant resistance by targeting banana AP2 transcription factor coding gene MaPTI6L","authors":"Jiaqi Zhong, Junjian Situ, Chengcheng He, Jiahui He, Guanghui Kong, Huaping Li, Zide Jiang, Minhui Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae361","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi produce microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) with functional importance in various biological processes. Our previous research identified a new milRNA Foc-milR87 from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which contributes to fungal virulence by targeting the pathogen glycosyl hydrolase encoding gene. However, the potential roles of fungal milRNAs in interactions with hosts are not well understood. This study demonstrated that Foc-milR87 specifically suppressed the expression of MaPTI6L, a pathogenesis-related gene that encodes a transcriptional activator in the banana (Musa acuminata Cavendish group cv. ‘Baxi Jiao’) genome, by targeting the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of MaPTI6L. Transient overexpression of MaPTI6L activated plant defense responses that depend on its nuclear localization, yet co-expression with Foc-milR87 attenuated these responses. MaPTI6L enhanced plant resistance by promoting transcription of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway marker gene MaEDS1. Sequence analysis of the MaPTI6L gene in 19 banana varieties, particularly those resistant to Fusarium wilt, uncovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at Foc-milR87 target sites. Experimental validation showed that these SNPs significantly reduce the microRNA's ability to suppress target gene expression. Our findings reveal that Foc-milR87 plays an important role in impairing plant resistance by targeting MaPTI6L mRNA and reducing MaEDS1 transcription during the early infection stage, suggesting the 3'UTR of MaPTI6L as a promising target for genome editing in generation of disease-resistant banana cultivars.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Tong, Yongjian Wang, Regina Feil, John E Lunn, Xiaobo Xu, Yi Wang, Ghislaine Hilbert-Masson, Junhua Kong, Jinliang Chen, Serge Delrot, Bertrand Beauvoit, Zhenchang Liang, Eric Gomès, Yves Gibon, Zhanwu Dai
High temperatures increase the sugar concentration of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries, which can negatively affect the composition and quality of wine, and global climate change is expected to exacerbate this problem. Modifying the source-to-sink ratio of grapevines by selective pruning is a potential strategy to mitigate this. To investigate the effects of low source-to-sink ratio (retaining three leaves per cluster) on carbon metabolism of grape (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berries, we conducted an analysis of 42 metabolites, 21 enzyme activities, at nine berry developmental stages，as well as transcriptomes from berries grown under two leaves per cluster. The results revealed that the metabolic pathways were coordinately regulated to maintain homeostasis under low source-to-sink ratio conditions. Because of a delay between metabolites and enzyme activities, the metabolites were loosely correlated with enzyme activities, and a lower density of connectivity between them appeared in low source-to-sink conditions. Otherwise, transcripts of the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways were enriched by carbon limitation. In summary, this integrated analysis reveals a coordinated regulation of various metabolic pathways that maintains the balance of carbon metabolism and ensures survival in challenging environments, highlighting the high metabolic plasticity of grape berries.
{"title":"Integrated analysis of metabolites and enzyme activities reveals the plasticity of central carbon metabolism in grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berries under carbon limitation","authors":"Qian Tong, Yongjian Wang, Regina Feil, John E Lunn, Xiaobo Xu, Yi Wang, Ghislaine Hilbert-Masson, Junhua Kong, Jinliang Chen, Serge Delrot, Bertrand Beauvoit, Zhenchang Liang, Eric Gomès, Yves Gibon, Zhanwu Dai","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae363","url":null,"abstract":"High temperatures increase the sugar concentration of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries, which can negatively affect the composition and quality of wine, and global climate change is expected to exacerbate this problem. Modifying the source-to-sink ratio of grapevines by selective pruning is a potential strategy to mitigate this. To investigate the effects of low source-to-sink ratio (retaining three leaves per cluster) on carbon metabolism of grape (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berries, we conducted an analysis of 42 metabolites, 21 enzyme activities, at nine berry developmental stages，as well as transcriptomes from berries grown under two leaves per cluster. The results revealed that the metabolic pathways were coordinately regulated to maintain homeostasis under low source-to-sink ratio conditions. Because of a delay between metabolites and enzyme activities, the metabolites were loosely correlated with enzyme activities, and a lower density of connectivity between them appeared in low source-to-sink conditions. Otherwise, transcripts of the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways were enriched by carbon limitation. In summary, this integrated analysis reveals a coordinated regulation of various metabolic pathways that maintains the balance of carbon metabolism and ensures survival in challenging environments, highlighting the high metabolic plasticity of grape berries.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liubin Wang, Yongxin Wang, Yueqi Wang, Liyun Wu, Mengdi He, Zhuozhuo Mao, Guanhua Liu, Kang Wei, Liyuan Wang
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is widely cultivated throughout the world for its unique flavor and health benefits. Galloylated catechins in tea plants serve as important secondary metabolites that play a pivotal role in tea taste determination and pharmacological effects. However, the genetic basis of galloylated-catechins traits remains elusive. We identified a stable and major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with galloylated catechins index (GCI), designated qGCI6.2. Within the QTL’s confidence interval, two shikimate dehydrogenases (CsSDH4, CsSDH3) were identified. These enzymes catalyze gallic acid (GA) production from 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, thereby contributing to galloylated catechins accumulation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 expression levels and GA and galloylated catechins contents were positively correlated. Furthermore, overexpressing CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 in transgenic tomato plants markedly increased GA and galloylated catechin contents. RNA-seq analysis of transgenic tomato indicated that CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 primarily regulate genes related to shikimic acid and flavonoid pathways, and jointly promote galloylated catechins synthesis. Our findings have further elucidated the galloylated catechins synthesis pathway and provided a theoretical basis for cultivation of tea cultivars with high galloylated catechin contents.
{"title":"Two shikimate dehydrogenases play an essential role in the biosynthesis of galloylated catechins in tea plants","authors":"Liubin Wang, Yongxin Wang, Yueqi Wang, Liyun Wu, Mengdi He, Zhuozhuo Mao, Guanhua Liu, Kang Wei, Liyuan Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae356","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camellia sinensis) is widely cultivated throughout the world for its unique flavor and health benefits. Galloylated catechins in tea plants serve as important secondary metabolites that play a pivotal role in tea taste determination and pharmacological effects. However, the genetic basis of galloylated-catechins traits remains elusive. We identified a stable and major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with galloylated catechins index (GCI), designated qGCI6.2. Within the QTL’s confidence interval, two shikimate dehydrogenases (CsSDH4, CsSDH3) were identified. These enzymes catalyze gallic acid (GA) production from 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, thereby contributing to galloylated catechins accumulation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 expression levels and GA and galloylated catechins contents were positively correlated. Furthermore, overexpressing CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 in transgenic tomato plants markedly increased GA and galloylated catechin contents. RNA-seq analysis of transgenic tomato indicated that CsSDH4 and CsSDH3 primarily regulate genes related to shikimic acid and flavonoid pathways, and jointly promote galloylated catechins synthesis. Our findings have further elucidated the galloylated catechins synthesis pathway and provided a theoretical basis for cultivation of tea cultivars with high galloylated catechin contents.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjie Yang, Meng Liu, Landi Feng, Pengfei Jiao, Jiebei Jiang, Li Huang, Jianquan Liu, Jordi Lopez-Pujol, Quanjun Hu
Lobularia maritima (sweet alyssum) is a popular ornamental plant that displays a range of flower colors, particularly white and purple. However, the genetic underpinning and evolutionary history of flower colors have remained unknown. To address this, we performed a de novo assembly of a chromosome-level genome for this species and conducted comparative population genomic analyses of both domestic and wild representatives. These analyses revealed distinct genetic clusters corresponding to wild and domestic groups, with further subdivisions based on geographic and phenotypic differences. Importantly, all cultivars originated from a single domestication event within the Tunisia group. One wild group did not contribute genetically to the current cultivars. The new mutations in key gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, PAP1, that arose following domestication led to the origin of purple flower coloration in the cultivars. Moreover, the contrasting PAP1 haplotypes in white and purple varieties lead to differential expression of CHS and DFR, which in turn contributes to the observed flower color differences. These findings provide key insights into the domestication history and genetic regulation of flower color in L. maritima, laying the groundwork for future genetic breeding efforts focused on this plant, especially introducing genetic sources from other wild groups.
{"title":"Domestication history and genetic changes for the newly evolved flower color in the ornamental plant Lobularia maritima (Brassiaceae)","authors":"Wenjie Yang, Meng Liu, Landi Feng, Pengfei Jiao, Jiebei Jiang, Li Huang, Jianquan Liu, Jordi Lopez-Pujol, Quanjun Hu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae355","url":null,"abstract":"Lobularia maritima (sweet alyssum) is a popular ornamental plant that displays a range of flower colors, particularly white and purple. However, the genetic underpinning and evolutionary history of flower colors have remained unknown. To address this, we performed a de novo assembly of a chromosome-level genome for this species and conducted comparative population genomic analyses of both domestic and wild representatives. These analyses revealed distinct genetic clusters corresponding to wild and domestic groups, with further subdivisions based on geographic and phenotypic differences. Importantly, all cultivars originated from a single domestication event within the Tunisia group. One wild group did not contribute genetically to the current cultivars. The new mutations in key gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, PAP1, that arose following domestication led to the origin of purple flower coloration in the cultivars. Moreover, the contrasting PAP1 haplotypes in white and purple varieties lead to differential expression of CHS and DFR, which in turn contributes to the observed flower color differences. These findings provide key insights into the domestication history and genetic regulation of flower color in L. maritima, laying the groundwork for future genetic breeding efforts focused on this plant, especially introducing genetic sources from other wild groups.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sen Meng, Na Lian, Fangcuo Qin, Shuqi Yang, Dong Meng, Zhan Bian, Li Xiang, Junkun Lu
Sandalwood (Santalum album), a culturally significant and economically valuable horticultural species, is renowned for its heartwood and essential oils enriched with sesquiterpene compounds such as santalol. Despite progress in elucidating the biosynthetic pathway of these valuable metabolites, the transcriptional regulation of this process, particularly under abiotic stress conditions, remains largely unexplored. Under drought conditions, we observed a marked increase in SaAREB6 expression, paralleled by elevated levels of santalols. Moreover, we identified SaCYP736A167, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, as a direct target of SaAREB6. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), microscale thermophoresis assays (MSTs) and dual luciferase assays (DLAs), we validated the precise and specific interaction of SaAREB6 with the promoter region of SaCYP736A167. This interaction leads to the upregulation of SaCYP736A167, which in turn catalyzes the final steps in the conversion of sesquiterpene precursors to santalols, thereby reinforcing the connection between SaAREB6 activity and increased santalol production during drought. Collectively, our work illuminates the previously uncharacterized role of SaAREB6 in orchestrating a transcriptional regulation that facilitates drought-induced santalol biosynthesis in sandalwood, presenting opportunities for genetic engineering strategies to improve heartwood and essential oil yields in this economically vital species.
{"title":"The AREB transcription factor SaAREB6 promotes drought stress-induced santalol biosynthesis in sandalwood","authors":"Sen Meng, Na Lian, Fangcuo Qin, Shuqi Yang, Dong Meng, Zhan Bian, Li Xiang, Junkun Lu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae347","url":null,"abstract":"Sandalwood (Santalum album), a culturally significant and economically valuable horticultural species, is renowned for its heartwood and essential oils enriched with sesquiterpene compounds such as santalol. Despite progress in elucidating the biosynthetic pathway of these valuable metabolites, the transcriptional regulation of this process, particularly under abiotic stress conditions, remains largely unexplored. Under drought conditions, we observed a marked increase in SaAREB6 expression, paralleled by elevated levels of santalols. Moreover, we identified SaCYP736A167, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, as a direct target of SaAREB6. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), microscale thermophoresis assays (MSTs) and dual luciferase assays (DLAs), we validated the precise and specific interaction of SaAREB6 with the promoter region of SaCYP736A167. This interaction leads to the upregulation of SaCYP736A167, which in turn catalyzes the final steps in the conversion of sesquiterpene precursors to santalols, thereby reinforcing the connection between SaAREB6 activity and increased santalol production during drought. Collectively, our work illuminates the previously uncharacterized role of SaAREB6 in orchestrating a transcriptional regulation that facilitates drought-induced santalol biosynthesis in sandalwood, presenting opportunities for genetic engineering strategies to improve heartwood and essential oil yields in this economically vital species.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acer pentaphyllum Diels (Sapindaceae), a highly threatened maple endemic to the dry-hot valleys of the Yalong River in western Sichuan, China, represents a valuable resource for horticulture and conservation. This study presents the first chromosomal-scale genome assembly of A. pentaphyllum (~626 Mb, 2n = 26), constructed using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing technologies. Comparative genomic analyses revealed significant recent genomic changes through rapid amplification of transposable elements, particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons, coinciding with the dramatic climate change during recent uplift of the Hengduan Mountains. Genes involved in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction showed expansion and/or positive selection, potentially reflecting adaptation to the species’ unique dry-hot valley habitat. Population genomic analysis of 227 individuals from 28 populations revealed low genetic diversity (1.04 ± 0.97 × 10-3) compared to other woody species. Phylogeographic patterns suggest an unexpected upstream colonization along the Yalong River, while Quaternary climate fluctuations drove its continuous lineage diversification and population contraction. Assessment of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic load across populations revealed concerning levels of inbreeding and accumulation of deleterious mutations in small, isolated populations, particularly those at range edges (TKX, CDG, TES). Based on these results, we propose conservation strategies, including the identification of management units and recommendations for genetic rescue. These findings not only facilitate the conservation of A. pentaphyllum but also serve as a valuable resource for future horticultural development and as a model for similar studies on other endangered plant species adapted to extreme environments.
{"title":"High-Resolution Genome Assembly and Population Genetic Study of the Endangered Maple Acer pentaphyllum (Sapindaceae): Implications for Conservation Strategies","authors":"Xiong Li, Li-Sha Jiang, Heng-Ning Deng, Qi Yu, Wen-Bin Ju, Xiao-Juan Chen, Yu Feng, Bo Xu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae357","url":null,"abstract":"Acer pentaphyllum Diels (Sapindaceae), a highly threatened maple endemic to the dry-hot valleys of the Yalong River in western Sichuan, China, represents a valuable resource for horticulture and conservation. This study presents the first chromosomal-scale genome assembly of A. pentaphyllum (~626 Mb, 2n = 26), constructed using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing technologies. Comparative genomic analyses revealed significant recent genomic changes through rapid amplification of transposable elements, particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons, coinciding with the dramatic climate change during recent uplift of the Hengduan Mountains. Genes involved in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction showed expansion and/or positive selection, potentially reflecting adaptation to the species’ unique dry-hot valley habitat. Population genomic analysis of 227 individuals from 28 populations revealed low genetic diversity (1.04 ± 0.97 × 10-3) compared to other woody species. Phylogeographic patterns suggest an unexpected upstream colonization along the Yalong River, while Quaternary climate fluctuations drove its continuous lineage diversification and population contraction. Assessment of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic load across populations revealed concerning levels of inbreeding and accumulation of deleterious mutations in small, isolated populations, particularly those at range edges (TKX, CDG, TES). Based on these results, we propose conservation strategies, including the identification of management units and recommendations for genetic rescue. These findings not only facilitate the conservation of A. pentaphyllum but also serve as a valuable resource for future horticultural development and as a model for similar studies on other endangered plant species adapted to extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"697 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strawberry fruits, known for their excellent taste and potential health benefits, are particularly valued for their rich content of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). These compounds play key roles in regulating growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HT synthesis in plants remains poorly elucidated. In this study, based on a correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome of HTs, galloyl glucosyltransferase (UGT84A22), serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-ATs), and carboxylesterases (CXEs) were screened. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays confirmed that FaSCPL3–1 acted as a hydrolyzable tannins synthase (HTS), catalyzing the continuous galloylation of glucose to form simple gallotannins (GTs). Additionally, FaCXE1/FaCXE3/FaCXE7 catalyzed the degalloylation of simple GTs and ellagitannins (ETs), and FaUGT84A22 catalyzed the glycosylation of gallic acid (GA) to produce 1-O-β-glucogallin (βG), a galloyl donor. Moreover, in FvSCPL3–1-RNAi transgenic strawberry plants, the contents of simple GT and some ET compounds were reduced, whereas, in FaCXE7 overexpressing strawberry plants, these compounds were increased. These enzymes constituted a biosynthetic pathway of galloyl derivatives, termed the “galloylation-degalloylation cycle” (G-DG cycle). Notably, the overexpression of FaCXE7 in strawberry plants not only promoted HT synthesis but also interfered with plant growth and development by reducing lignin biosynthesis. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of HT accumulation in plants, contributing to improving the quality of berry fruits quality and enhancing plant resistance.
{"title":"Key genes in a “Galloylation-Degalloylation cycle” controlling the synthesis of hydrolyzable tannins in strawberry plants","authors":"Lingjie Zhang, Rui Li, Maohao Wang, Qiaomei Zhao, Yifan Chen, Yipeng Huang, Yajun Liu, Xiaolan Jiang, Nana Wang, Tao Xia, Liping Gao","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae350","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry fruits, known for their excellent taste and potential health benefits, are particularly valued for their rich content of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). These compounds play key roles in regulating growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HT synthesis in plants remains poorly elucidated. In this study, based on a correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome of HTs, galloyl glucosyltransferase (UGT84A22), serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-ATs), and carboxylesterases (CXEs) were screened. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays confirmed that FaSCPL3–1 acted as a hydrolyzable tannins synthase (HTS), catalyzing the continuous galloylation of glucose to form simple gallotannins (GTs). Additionally, FaCXE1/FaCXE3/FaCXE7 catalyzed the degalloylation of simple GTs and ellagitannins (ETs), and FaUGT84A22 catalyzed the glycosylation of gallic acid (GA) to produce 1-O-β-glucogallin (βG), a galloyl donor. Moreover, in FvSCPL3–1-RNAi transgenic strawberry plants, the contents of simple GT and some ET compounds were reduced, whereas, in FaCXE7 overexpressing strawberry plants, these compounds were increased. These enzymes constituted a biosynthetic pathway of galloyl derivatives, termed the “galloylation-degalloylation cycle” (G-DG cycle). Notably, the overexpression of FaCXE7 in strawberry plants not only promoted HT synthesis but also interfered with plant growth and development by reducing lignin biosynthesis. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of HT accumulation in plants, contributing to improving the quality of berry fruits quality and enhancing plant resistance.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research examined the regulatory function of MaEIL4 in the ripening process of banana. The findings demonstrated that MaEIL4 is a transcription factor with activity in the nucleus. The transient modulation of MaEIL4 expression in banana fruit slices has been found to exert a significant impact on maturation, either enhancing or inhibiting its progression, as shown by phenotype and endogenous gene expression. MaEIL4, MaMADS36, and MaACS7 were co-expressed in bananas. MaEIL4 interacted with both the MaMADS36 protein and the TGAA box of the MaMADS36 promoter to activate its expression. Moreover, MaMADS36 bound to the C(A/T)rG box of the MaACS7 promoter to regulate fruit ripening. The results have characterized the mechanism of MaMADS36’s response to upstream ethylene signals and established a new module, MaEIL4-MaMADS36-MaACS7, that transcriptionally regulates banana fruit ripening. This research has enhanced our comprehension of the pivotal function of MaMADS36 in controlling fruit maturation and thus suggests new strategies for fruit shelf-life improvement and post-harvest loss reduction.
{"title":"The MaEIL4-MaMADS36-MaACS7 module transcriptionally regulates ethylene biosynthesis during banana fruit ripening","authors":"Maoni Fu, Yunke Zheng, Jing Zhang, Chengju Deng, Jianbin Zhang, Caihong Jia, HongXia Miao, Jingyi Wang, Sijun Zheng, Zhiqiang Jin, Xinguo Li, Jianghui Xie, Juhua Liu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae345","url":null,"abstract":"The present research examined the regulatory function of MaEIL4 in the ripening process of banana. The findings demonstrated that MaEIL4 is a transcription factor with activity in the nucleus. The transient modulation of MaEIL4 expression in banana fruit slices has been found to exert a significant impact on maturation, either enhancing or inhibiting its progression, as shown by phenotype and endogenous gene expression. MaEIL4, MaMADS36, and MaACS7 were co-expressed in bananas. MaEIL4 interacted with both the MaMADS36 protein and the TGAA box of the MaMADS36 promoter to activate its expression. Moreover, MaMADS36 bound to the C(A/T)rG box of the MaACS7 promoter to regulate fruit ripening. The results have characterized the mechanism of MaMADS36’s response to upstream ethylene signals and established a new module, MaEIL4-MaMADS36-MaACS7, that transcriptionally regulates banana fruit ripening. This research has enhanced our comprehension of the pivotal function of MaMADS36 in controlling fruit maturation and thus suggests new strategies for fruit shelf-life improvement and post-harvest loss reduction.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mung bean (Vigna radiata), an essential annual legume, holds substantial value in global agriculture due to its short growth cycle, low input requirements, and nutritional benefits. Despite extensive domestication, the genetic mechanisms underlying its morphological and physiological evolution remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present a gap-free, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the mung bean cultivar 'Weilv-9', achieved through the integration of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The 500 Mb assembly, encompassing 11 chromosomes and containing 28,740 protein-coding genes, reveals that 49.17% of the genome comprises repetitive sequences. Within the genome, we found the recent amplification of transposable elements significantly impacts the expression of nearby genes. Furthermore, integrating structural variation and SNP data from resequencing, we identified that the fatty acid synthesis, suberin biosynthetic, and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes have undergone strong selection during domestication. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms driving domestication and offer a foundation for future genetic enhancement and breeding programs in mung beans and related species.
{"title":"Telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome of mung bean (Vigna radiata) provides insights into domestication under structural variation","authors":"Kai-Hua Jia, Guan Li, Longxin Wang, Min Liu, Zhi-Wei Wang, Ru-Zhi Li, Lei-Lei Li, Kun Xie, Yong-Yi Yang, Ru-Mei Tian, Xue Chen, Yu-Jun Si, Xiao-Yan Zhang, Feng-Jing Song, Lianzheng Li, Na-Na Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae337","url":null,"abstract":"Mung bean (Vigna radiata), an essential annual legume, holds substantial value in global agriculture due to its short growth cycle, low input requirements, and nutritional benefits. Despite extensive domestication, the genetic mechanisms underlying its morphological and physiological evolution remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present a gap-free, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the mung bean cultivar 'Weilv-9', achieved through the integration of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The 500 Mb assembly, encompassing 11 chromosomes and containing 28,740 protein-coding genes, reveals that 49.17% of the genome comprises repetitive sequences. Within the genome, we found the recent amplification of transposable elements significantly impacts the expression of nearby genes. Furthermore, integrating structural variation and SNP data from resequencing, we identified that the fatty acid synthesis, suberin biosynthetic, and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes have undergone strong selection during domestication. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms driving domestication and offer a foundation for future genetic enhancement and breeding programs in mung beans and related species.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Xiao, Dong Cheng, Wenjun Ou, Xin Chen, Ismail Yusuf Rabbi, Wenquan Wang, Kaimian Li, Huabing Yan
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food of 800 million people in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its industrial utilization for bioethanol, animal feed, and starch are still continuously expanding. It was not until the 1970s that significant scientific efforts were undertaken to improve cassava, despite its considerable economic and social significance. Shorten the breeding cycle and improve the breeding efficiency are always the focus of the cassava breeding study. In this review, we provide a global perspective on the current status of cassava germplasm resources and explore the diverse applications of cassava breeding methods from hybridization, polyploidy and inbreeding to genomic selection and gene editing. Additionally, we overview at least six nearly complete cassava genome sequences established based on modern genomic techniques. These achievements have substantially supported the advancing of gene discovery and breeding of new cassava varieties. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the advancements in cassava’s functional genomics, concentrating on important traits such as starch quality and content, dry matter content, tolerance to post-harvest physiological deterioration, nutritional quality, and stress resistance. We also provide a comprehensive summary of the milestone events and key advancements in cassava genetic improvement over the past 50 years. Finally, we put forward the perspective of developing genomic selection breeding model and super-hybrids of cassava through building inbreeding population and emphasize the generation of triploid cassavas, allowing cassava to be a tropical model plant serve for basic biological research and molecular breeding.
{"title":"Advancements and strategies of genetic improvement in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): from conventional to genomic approaches","authors":"Liang Xiao, Dong Cheng, Wenjun Ou, Xin Chen, Ismail Yusuf Rabbi, Wenquan Wang, Kaimian Li, Huabing Yan","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae341","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food of 800 million people in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its industrial utilization for bioethanol, animal feed, and starch are still continuously expanding. It was not until the 1970s that significant scientific efforts were undertaken to improve cassava, despite its considerable economic and social significance. Shorten the breeding cycle and improve the breeding efficiency are always the focus of the cassava breeding study. In this review, we provide a global perspective on the current status of cassava germplasm resources and explore the diverse applications of cassava breeding methods from hybridization, polyploidy and inbreeding to genomic selection and gene editing. Additionally, we overview at least six nearly complete cassava genome sequences established based on modern genomic techniques. These achievements have substantially supported the advancing of gene discovery and breeding of new cassava varieties. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the advancements in cassava’s functional genomics, concentrating on important traits such as starch quality and content, dry matter content, tolerance to post-harvest physiological deterioration, nutritional quality, and stress resistance. We also provide a comprehensive summary of the milestone events and key advancements in cassava genetic improvement over the past 50 years. Finally, we put forward the perspective of developing genomic selection breeding model and super-hybrids of cassava through building inbreeding population and emphasize the generation of triploid cassavas, allowing cassava to be a tropical model plant serve for basic biological research and molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"83 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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