Alana R Brinley, Patrick J Conner, Fahong Yu, Ali Sarkhosh, Tie Liu
Muscadines face limitations to fresh market production due to high manual labor costs. Mechanical harvesting holds promise for reducing the costs associated with muscadine production but requires cultivars with easily detached fruit at maturity. This study aimed to determine muscadine fruit and pedicel characteristics influencing fruit detachment force and to unravel the genes, hormones, and regulatory networks governing muscadine abscission. We characterized the fruit detachment force of muscadine fruit across eighteen genotypes and at four developmental stages. Following this, we performed a transcriptome analysis using the mature pedicel tissue of two genotypes, a genotype with high fruit detachment force at maturity and a genotype with low fruit detachment force at maturity, to identify differentially expressed and uniquely expressed genes contributing to fruit detachment. We found that pedicel length, pedicel-fruit junction area, and fruit diameter positively correlated with fruit detachment force. This study also identifies novel candidate genes, transcription factor families, and pathways associated with muscadine fruit abscission. These findings provide valuable knowledge on the progression of fruit abscission and insights for reducing fruit detachment force, particularly in developing machine-harvestable muscadine cultivars and fostering sustainability and efficiency in muscadine production.
{"title":"Morphological and Genetic Characterization of the Muscadine Fruit Abscission Zone","authors":"Alana R Brinley, Patrick J Conner, Fahong Yu, Ali Sarkhosh, Tie Liu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae227","url":null,"abstract":"Muscadines face limitations to fresh market production due to high manual labor costs. Mechanical harvesting holds promise for reducing the costs associated with muscadine production but requires cultivars with easily detached fruit at maturity. This study aimed to determine muscadine fruit and pedicel characteristics influencing fruit detachment force and to unravel the genes, hormones, and regulatory networks governing muscadine abscission. We characterized the fruit detachment force of muscadine fruit across eighteen genotypes and at four developmental stages. Following this, we performed a transcriptome analysis using the mature pedicel tissue of two genotypes, a genotype with high fruit detachment force at maturity and a genotype with low fruit detachment force at maturity, to identify differentially expressed and uniquely expressed genes contributing to fruit detachment. We found that pedicel length, pedicel-fruit junction area, and fruit diameter positively correlated with fruit detachment force. This study also identifies novel candidate genes, transcription factor families, and pathways associated with muscadine fruit abscission. These findings provide valuable knowledge on the progression of fruit abscission and insights for reducing fruit detachment force, particularly in developing machine-harvestable muscadine cultivars and fostering sustainability and efficiency in muscadine production.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-Hang Hu, Ting Huang, Nan Zhang, Chen Chen, Kai-Xin Yang, Meng-Zhen Sun, Ni Yang, Yi Cheng, Jian-Ping Tao, Hui Liu, Xing-Hui Li, Xuan Chen, Xiong You, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Jing Zhuang
The circadian system of plants is a complex physiological mechanism, which is a biological process in which plants can adjust themselves according to the day and night cycle. To understand the effects of different photoperiods on the biological clock of tea plants, we analyzed the expression levels of core clock genes (CCA1, PRR9, TOC1, ELF4) and photosynthesis-related genes (Lhcb, RbcS, atpA) under normal light (light/dark =12 h/12 h, 12L12D) and took the cost function defined by cycle and phase errors as the basic model parameters. In the continuous light environment (light=24 h, 24L), the peak activity and cycle of key genes that control the biological clock and photosynthesis were delayed by 1 to 2 h. Under the skeleton photoperiod (light/dark=6 h/6 h, 6L6D; light/dark=3 h/3 h, 3L3D), the expression profiles of clock genes and photosynthesis-related genes in tea plants was changed, and stomatal opening showed a circadian rhythm. These observations suggest that bone photoperiod may have an effect on the circadian rhythm, photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal regulation of tea plants. Our study and model analyze the components of circadian rhythms under different photoperiodic pathways, and also reveal the underlying mechanisms of circadian regulation of photosynthesis in tea plants.
{"title":"Interference of skeleton photoperiod on circadian clock and photosynthetic efficiency of tea plant: In-depth analysis of mathematical model","authors":"Zhi-Hang Hu, Ting Huang, Nan Zhang, Chen Chen, Kai-Xin Yang, Meng-Zhen Sun, Ni Yang, Yi Cheng, Jian-Ping Tao, Hui Liu, Xing-Hui Li, Xuan Chen, Xiong You, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Jing Zhuang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae226","url":null,"abstract":"The circadian system of plants is a complex physiological mechanism, which is a biological process in which plants can adjust themselves according to the day and night cycle. To understand the effects of different photoperiods on the biological clock of tea plants, we analyzed the expression levels of core clock genes (CCA1, PRR9, TOC1, ELF4) and photosynthesis-related genes (Lhcb, RbcS, atpA) under normal light (light/dark =12 h/12 h, 12L12D) and took the cost function defined by cycle and phase errors as the basic model parameters. In the continuous light environment (light=24 h, 24L), the peak activity and cycle of key genes that control the biological clock and photosynthesis were delayed by 1 to 2 h. Under the skeleton photoperiod (light/dark=6 h/6 h, 6L6D; light/dark=3 h/3 h, 3L3D), the expression profiles of clock genes and photosynthesis-related genes in tea plants was changed, and stomatal opening showed a circadian rhythm. These observations suggest that bone photoperiod may have an effect on the circadian rhythm, photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal regulation of tea plants. Our study and model analyze the components of circadian rhythms under different photoperiodic pathways, and also reveal the underlying mechanisms of circadian regulation of photosynthesis in tea plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shixue Miao, Xiaoyu Wei, Lingcheng Zhu, Baiquan Ma, Mingjun Li
Organic acids are major determinants of fruit flavor and a primary focus of fruit crop breeding. The accumulation of organic acids is determined by their synthesis, degradation and transport, all of which are manipulated by sophisticated genetic mechanisms. Constant exploration of the genetic basis of organic acid accumulation, especially through linkage analysis, association analysis, and evolutionary analysis, have identified numerous loci in recent decades. In this review, the genetic loci and genes responsible for malate and citrate contents in fruits are discussed from the genetic perspective. Technologies such as gene transformation and genome editing as well as efficient breeding using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) are expected to break the bottleneck of traditional fruit crop breeding and promote fruit quality improvement.
{"title":"The art of tartness: the genetics of organic acid content in fresh fruits","authors":"Shixue Miao, Xiaoyu Wei, Lingcheng Zhu, Baiquan Ma, Mingjun Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae225","url":null,"abstract":"Organic acids are major determinants of fruit flavor and a primary focus of fruit crop breeding. The accumulation of organic acids is determined by their synthesis, degradation and transport, all of which are manipulated by sophisticated genetic mechanisms. Constant exploration of the genetic basis of organic acid accumulation, especially through linkage analysis, association analysis, and evolutionary analysis, have identified numerous loci in recent decades. In this review, the genetic loci and genes responsible for malate and citrate contents in fruits are discussed from the genetic perspective. Technologies such as gene transformation and genome editing as well as efficient breeding using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) are expected to break the bottleneck of traditional fruit crop breeding and promote fruit quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiachang Xiao, Dong Wang, Le Liang, Minghui Xie, Yi Tang, Yunsong Lai, Bo Sun, Zhi Huang, Yangxia Zheng, Huanxiu Li
Cold temperatures negatively impact crop yield and quality, posing significant limitations to the advancement of the vegetable industry. MYB transcription factors are pivotal in enhancing plant resilience against various abiotic stresses, including low-temperature stress. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop sensitive to low temperatures. This study aimed to determine the function of CaMYB80 in the cold stress response of pepper through virus-induced silencing. The study also conducted heterologous expression of CaMYB80 in Arabidopsis and tomato plants. The results showed that CaMYB80 could respond to low-temperature stress in pepper. CaMYB80 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and exhibited transcriptional activation ability. Moreover, CaMYB80 silencing decreased cold tolerance in pepper, while its heterologous overexpression increased cold tolerance in Arabidopsis and tomato. Further analysis showed that CaMYB80 interacted with CaPOA1 (peroxidase N1-like). Similarly, the expression of CaPOA1 also responded to low-temperature stress. Overexpression of CaPOA1 enhanced freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis, while its silencing reduced cold stress tolerance in pepper. Furthermore, overexpression of CaMYB80 in Arabidopsis and tomato could increase the activity of peroxidases and the expression levels of genes in the ICE-CBF-COR (inducer of CBF expression, C-repeat binding factor, cold-responsive) regulatory network. In conclusion, our research results indicate that CaMYB80 enhances pepper cold tolerance by interacting with CaPOA1 to increase peroxidase activity and influence the expression of ICE-CBF-COR related genes.
{"title":"CaMYB80 enhances the cold tolerance of pepper by directly targeting CaPOA1","authors":"Jiachang Xiao, Dong Wang, Le Liang, Minghui Xie, Yi Tang, Yunsong Lai, Bo Sun, Zhi Huang, Yangxia Zheng, Huanxiu Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae219","url":null,"abstract":"Cold temperatures negatively impact crop yield and quality, posing significant limitations to the advancement of the vegetable industry. MYB transcription factors are pivotal in enhancing plant resilience against various abiotic stresses, including low-temperature stress. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop sensitive to low temperatures. This study aimed to determine the function of CaMYB80 in the cold stress response of pepper through virus-induced silencing. The study also conducted heterologous expression of CaMYB80 in Arabidopsis and tomato plants. The results showed that CaMYB80 could respond to low-temperature stress in pepper. CaMYB80 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and exhibited transcriptional activation ability. Moreover, CaMYB80 silencing decreased cold tolerance in pepper, while its heterologous overexpression increased cold tolerance in Arabidopsis and tomato. Further analysis showed that CaMYB80 interacted with CaPOA1 (peroxidase N1-like). Similarly, the expression of CaPOA1 also responded to low-temperature stress. Overexpression of CaPOA1 enhanced freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis, while its silencing reduced cold stress tolerance in pepper. Furthermore, overexpression of CaMYB80 in Arabidopsis and tomato could increase the activity of peroxidases and the expression levels of genes in the ICE-CBF-COR (inducer of CBF expression, C-repeat binding factor, cold-responsive) regulatory network. In conclusion, our research results indicate that CaMYB80 enhances pepper cold tolerance by interacting with CaPOA1 to increase peroxidase activity and influence the expression of ICE-CBF-COR related genes.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis) have well-developed root system with strong taproot and lateral roots. Compared with ordinary cuttings, it has stronger vitality and environmental adapt ability, thus facilitating the promotion of good varieties. However, there is less of detailed research on the rooting and germination process of tea seeds. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to conduct non-targeted spatial mass spectrometry imaging of the main organs during growth of tea seedlings. A total of 1, 234 compounds were identified, which could be classified into 24 classes. Among them, theanine, as the most prominent nitrogen compound, was synthesized rapidly at the early stage of embryo germination, accounting for more than 90% of the total free amino acids in radicle, and then transferred to each meristem region through the mesocolonial sheath, indicating that theanine-based nitrogen flow plays a decisive role in the organ formation during the development of tea seedlings. Nutrients stored in the cotyledon were rapidly hydrolyzed to dextrin and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde at the early stages of germination, and subsequently converted to other forms that provided carbon and energy for development, such as raffinose and d-galactose (glucose), which were mainly distributed in the growing zones of the root apex and the apical meristems of the stem. This study provides a new perspective on the synthesis and metabolism of substances during the development of tea seedlings and contributes to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of tea varieties.
{"title":"Visualization of metabolite distribution based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Maoyin Fu, Liying Tian, Dongqiao Zheng, Yang Gao, Chenyi Sun, Shihua Zhang, ZhaoLiang Zhang, Xiaochun Wan, Qi Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae218","url":null,"abstract":"Tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis) have well-developed root system with strong taproot and lateral roots. Compared with ordinary cuttings, it has stronger vitality and environmental adapt ability, thus facilitating the promotion of good varieties. However, there is less of detailed research on the rooting and germination process of tea seeds. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to conduct non-targeted spatial mass spectrometry imaging of the main organs during growth of tea seedlings. A total of 1, 234 compounds were identified, which could be classified into 24 classes. Among them, theanine, as the most prominent nitrogen compound, was synthesized rapidly at the early stage of embryo germination, accounting for more than 90% of the total free amino acids in radicle, and then transferred to each meristem region through the mesocolonial sheath, indicating that theanine-based nitrogen flow plays a decisive role in the organ formation during the development of tea seedlings. Nutrients stored in the cotyledon were rapidly hydrolyzed to dextrin and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde at the early stages of germination, and subsequently converted to other forms that provided carbon and energy for development, such as raffinose and d-galactose (glucose), which were mainly distributed in the growing zones of the root apex and the apical meristems of the stem. This study provides a new perspective on the synthesis and metabolism of substances during the development of tea seedlings and contributes to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of tea varieties.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinlu Chen, Meimei Xu, Jin Han, Mark Schmidt-Dannert, Reuben J Peters, Feng Chen
Land plants are well known producers of terpenoids that play diverse roles in plant-environment interactions. The vast chemical diversity of terpenoids is initiated by terpene synthases. Plants contain a distinct mid-sized terpene synthase gene family termed TPS, which appears to have an ancient origin in a fused bacterial class I (di)terpene synthase (TS) and class II diterpene cyclase (DTC), corresponding to the catalytically relevant α-domain and βγ-didomains, respectively. However, while such fused tridomain bifunctional (class I/II) diterpene cyclases-synthases (DCSs) have been found in plants (and fungi), no examples have been reported from bacteria, leaving the origin of the fusion event initiating the TPS gene family opaque. Here, discovery of such tridomain bifunctional DCSs in bacteria is reported. Extensive genome mining unearthed five putative bacterial DCSs, with biochemical characterization revealing the expected bifunctional activity for three. Most intriguing was CseDCS, which produces ent-kaurene, an intermediate in plant hormone biosynthesis, as this is the hypothesized activity for the ancestral TPS. Unlike the extant functionally equivalent TPSs, it was possible to split CseDCS into separate, independently acting DTC and TS, with the first producing the expected ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP), serving as a CPP synthase (CPS), while the second converts this to ent-kaurene, serving as a kaurene synthase (KS). Nevertheless, sequence alignment and mutation analysis revealed intriguing similarities between this cyanobacterial fused CPS-KS and the functionally equivalent TPSs. Regardless of exact relationship, discovery of fused bifunctional DCSs in bacteria supports the hypothesized origin of the plant TPS family from such a bacterial gene.
{"title":"Discovery of bifunctional diterpene cyclases/synthases in bacteria supports a bacterial origin for the plant terpene synthase gene family","authors":"Xinlu Chen, Meimei Xu, Jin Han, Mark Schmidt-Dannert, Reuben J Peters, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae221","url":null,"abstract":"Land plants are well known producers of terpenoids that play diverse roles in plant-environment interactions. The vast chemical diversity of terpenoids is initiated by terpene synthases. Plants contain a distinct mid-sized terpene synthase gene family termed TPS, which appears to have an ancient origin in a fused bacterial class I (di)terpene synthase (TS) and class II diterpene cyclase (DTC), corresponding to the catalytically relevant α-domain and βγ-didomains, respectively. However, while such fused tridomain bifunctional (class I/II) diterpene cyclases-synthases (DCSs) have been found in plants (and fungi), no examples have been reported from bacteria, leaving the origin of the fusion event initiating the TPS gene family opaque. Here, discovery of such tridomain bifunctional DCSs in bacteria is reported. Extensive genome mining unearthed five putative bacterial DCSs, with biochemical characterization revealing the expected bifunctional activity for three. Most intriguing was CseDCS, which produces ent-kaurene, an intermediate in plant hormone biosynthesis, as this is the hypothesized activity for the ancestral TPS. Unlike the extant functionally equivalent TPSs, it was possible to split CseDCS into separate, independently acting DTC and TS, with the first producing the expected ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP), serving as a CPP synthase (CPS), while the second converts this to ent-kaurene, serving as a kaurene synthase (KS). Nevertheless, sequence alignment and mutation analysis revealed intriguing similarities between this cyanobacterial fused CPS-KS and the functionally equivalent TPSs. Regardless of exact relationship, discovery of fused bifunctional DCSs in bacteria supports the hypothesized origin of the plant TPS family from such a bacterial gene.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bai-Jun Li, Ruo-Xuan Bao, Yan-Na Shi, Donald Grierson, Kun-Song Chen
Auxin response transcription factors (ARFs) form a large gene family, many of whose members operate at the final step of the auxin signaling pathway. ARFs participate directly in many aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of ARFs in regulating aspects of fleshy fruit development and ripening. ARFs play a crucial role in regulating fruit size, color, nutrients, texture, yield, and others properties that ultimately influence the ripening and quality of important crops such as tomato, apple, strawberry, and peach. ARFs impact these processes acting as positive, negative, or bidirectional regulators via phytohormone-dependent or -independent mechanisms. In the phytohormone-dependent pathway, ARFs act as a central hub linking interactions with multiple phytohormones generating diverse effects. The three domains within ARFs, namely the DNA-binding domain, the middle region, and the carboxy-terminal dimerization domain, exhibit distinct yet overlapping functions, contributing to a range of mechanisms mediated by ARFs. These findings not only provide a profound understanding of ARF functions, but also raise new questions. Further exploration can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit development and ripening mediated by ARFs.
{"title":"Auxin response factors: important keys for understanding regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit development and ripening","authors":"Bai-Jun Li, Ruo-Xuan Bao, Yan-Na Shi, Donald Grierson, Kun-Song Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae209","url":null,"abstract":"Auxin response transcription factors (ARFs) form a large gene family, many of whose members operate at the final step of the auxin signaling pathway. ARFs participate directly in many aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of ARFs in regulating aspects of fleshy fruit development and ripening. ARFs play a crucial role in regulating fruit size, color, nutrients, texture, yield, and others properties that ultimately influence the ripening and quality of important crops such as tomato, apple, strawberry, and peach. ARFs impact these processes acting as positive, negative, or bidirectional regulators via phytohormone-dependent or -independent mechanisms. In the phytohormone-dependent pathway, ARFs act as a central hub linking interactions with multiple phytohormones generating diverse effects. The three domains within ARFs, namely the DNA-binding domain, the middle region, and the carboxy-terminal dimerization domain, exhibit distinct yet overlapping functions, contributing to a range of mechanisms mediated by ARFs. These findings not only provide a profound understanding of ARF functions, but also raise new questions. Further exploration can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit development and ripening mediated by ARFs.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing disease-suppressive soils is an effective approach for managing soilborne diseases, which can be achieved through crop metabolism and root secretion modification that recruit beneficial soil microbiota. Many factors, such as light, can elicit and modify plant metabolomic activities, resulting in disease suppression. To investigate the impact of light, Panax notoginseng was planted in a greenhouse and forest, conditioned with three levels of light intensities, including the optimal (15% light transmittance of full light), suboptimal low (5% light transmittance of full light) and suboptimal high (30% light transmittance of full light) intensities. The rhizosphere microbiota of P. notoginseng and root rot disease caused by soilborne pathogen Ilyonectria destructans, and the mechanism was elucidated. Results showed that suboptimal light conditions alleviated root rot disease of P. notoginseng by enriching beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. Both low and high light stresses enhanced the secondary metabolism profile in favor of plant defense, particularly the flavonoid pathway. Notably, high light stress demonstrates a robust ability to promoted flavonoid metabolism and secretion, resulting in the enrichment of more beneficial microorganisms that suppressed the soilborne pathogen I. destructans. These findings highlight the potential for adjusting canopy light intensities to improve soil health and promote sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Light Stress Elicits Soilborne Disease Suppression Mediated by Root-secreted Flavonoids in Panax notoginseng","authors":"Haiyan Fang, Cunwu Guo, Xinyue Mei, Minwen Hao, Jiayin Zhang, Lifen Luo, Haijiao Liu, Yixiang Liu, Huichuan Huang, Xiahong He, Youyong Zhu, Min Yang, Shusheng Zhu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae213","url":null,"abstract":"Developing disease-suppressive soils is an effective approach for managing soilborne diseases, which can be achieved through crop metabolism and root secretion modification that recruit beneficial soil microbiota. Many factors, such as light, can elicit and modify plant metabolomic activities, resulting in disease suppression. To investigate the impact of light, Panax notoginseng was planted in a greenhouse and forest, conditioned with three levels of light intensities, including the optimal (15% light transmittance of full light), suboptimal low (5% light transmittance of full light) and suboptimal high (30% light transmittance of full light) intensities. The rhizosphere microbiota of P. notoginseng and root rot disease caused by soilborne pathogen Ilyonectria destructans, and the mechanism was elucidated. Results showed that suboptimal light conditions alleviated root rot disease of P. notoginseng by enriching beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. Both low and high light stresses enhanced the secondary metabolism profile in favor of plant defense, particularly the flavonoid pathway. Notably, high light stress demonstrates a robust ability to promoted flavonoid metabolism and secretion, resulting in the enrichment of more beneficial microorganisms that suppressed the soilborne pathogen I. destructans. These findings highlight the potential for adjusting canopy light intensities to improve soil health and promote sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Zu, Mingliang Jiang, Zongxiang Zhan, Xiaonan Li, Zhongyun Piao
Orphan genes (OGs) are unique to the specific species or lineage, and whose homologous sequences cannot be found in other species or lineages. Furthermore, these genes lack recognizable domains or functional motifs, which make their characterization difficult. Here, we identified a Brassica rapa OG named BOLTING RESISTANCE 2 (BR2) that could positively modulate bolting resistance. The expression of BR2 was developmentally regulated and the BR2 protein was localized to the cell membrane. BR2 overexpression not only markedly delayed flowering time in Arabidopsis transgenic plants, but substantially affected the development of leaves and flower organs. Flowering repressor AtFLC gene was significantly up-regulated transcribed in Arabidopsis BR2 overexpression lines, while AtFT and AtSOC1 expression was decreased. In addition, the BR2 expression was enhanced in bolting-resistant type Chinese cabbage and was reduced in non-resistant type. Moreover, chilling stress inhibited the BR2 expression levels. Overexpression of BR2 also delayed flowering time in Chinese cabbage. In vernalized Chinese cabbage BR2 overexpression plants, BrVIN3.b and BrFRI were significantly down-regulated, while BrFLC5 was substantially up-regulated. Key floral factors, including three BrSOC1s, two BrLFYs, and four BrFTs were down-regulated. The expression changes of these key genes were consistent with the delayed flowering phenotype of Chinese cabbage BR2 overexpressing plants. Thus, we predicted that BR2 may predominantly function via the vernalization pathway. Our finding proposed that the OG BR2 acts as a novel modulator of flowering time in Chinese cabbage, which provide a new insight on the breeding of varieties that are resistant to bolting.
{"title":"Orphan gene BR2 positively regulates bolting resistance through the vernalization pathway in Chinese cabbage","authors":"Ye Zu, Mingliang Jiang, Zongxiang Zhan, Xiaonan Li, Zhongyun Piao","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae216","url":null,"abstract":"Orphan genes (OGs) are unique to the specific species or lineage, and whose homologous sequences cannot be found in other species or lineages. Furthermore, these genes lack recognizable domains or functional motifs, which make their characterization difficult. Here, we identified a Brassica rapa OG named BOLTING RESISTANCE 2 (BR2) that could positively modulate bolting resistance. The expression of BR2 was developmentally regulated and the BR2 protein was localized to the cell membrane. BR2 overexpression not only markedly delayed flowering time in Arabidopsis transgenic plants, but substantially affected the development of leaves and flower organs. Flowering repressor AtFLC gene was significantly up-regulated transcribed in Arabidopsis BR2 overexpression lines, while AtFT and AtSOC1 expression was decreased. In addition, the BR2 expression was enhanced in bolting-resistant type Chinese cabbage and was reduced in non-resistant type. Moreover, chilling stress inhibited the BR2 expression levels. Overexpression of BR2 also delayed flowering time in Chinese cabbage. In vernalized Chinese cabbage BR2 overexpression plants, BrVIN3.b and BrFRI were significantly down-regulated, while BrFLC5 was substantially up-regulated. Key floral factors, including three BrSOC1s, two BrLFYs, and four BrFTs were down-regulated. The expression changes of these key genes were consistent with the delayed flowering phenotype of Chinese cabbage BR2 overexpressing plants. Thus, we predicted that BR2 may predominantly function via the vernalization pathway. Our finding proposed that the OG BR2 acts as a novel modulator of flowering time in Chinese cabbage, which provide a new insight on the breeding of varieties that are resistant to bolting.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Huang, Lei Xue, Yueqin Lu, Mengfei Liu, Kui Lin-Wang, Andrew C Allan, Bo Zhang, Kunsong Chen, Changjie Xu
Anthocyanins are important compounds for fruit quality and nutrition. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor PpMYB10.1 is known to be critical for regulating anthocyanin accumulation in peach. However, regulatory factors upstream of PpMYB10.1 which control temperature-dependent, cultivar-contrasted and tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation remain to be determined. In this study, differential anthocyanin accumulation in the outer flesh near the peel (OF) of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was observed between cultivars “Zhonghuashoutao” and “Dongxuemi”, as well as among different storage temperatures and different fruit tissues of “Zhonghuashoutao”. By cross-comparisons of RNA-Seq data of samples with differential anthocyanin accumulation, transcription factor genes PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 were identified. These were functionally characterized as two positive regulators for anthocyanin accumulation via transient expression and genetic transformation. Various interaction assays revealed that both PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 can directly activate the PpMYB10.1 promoter and meanwhile interact at protein level as a PpZAT5-PpBBX32-PpMYB10.1 complex. Furthermore, the results of in silico analysis and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) indicated that MeJA favored anthocyanin accumulation, while it was also found that anthocyanin accumulation as well as PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 expression correlated significantly with endogenous JA and JA-Ile in different fruit tissues. In summary, PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 are upstream activators of PpMYB10.1, allowing JAs to take part in temperature-dependent and tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation by modulating their expression. This work enriches the knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for differential anthocyanin accumulation under internal and external factors.
{"title":"PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 modulate temperature-dependent and tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation in peach fruit","authors":"Dan Huang, Lei Xue, Yueqin Lu, Mengfei Liu, Kui Lin-Wang, Andrew C Allan, Bo Zhang, Kunsong Chen, Changjie Xu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae212","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are important compounds for fruit quality and nutrition. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor PpMYB10.1 is known to be critical for regulating anthocyanin accumulation in peach. However, regulatory factors upstream of PpMYB10.1 which control temperature-dependent, cultivar-contrasted and tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation remain to be determined. In this study, differential anthocyanin accumulation in the outer flesh near the peel (OF) of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was observed between cultivars “Zhonghuashoutao” and “Dongxuemi”, as well as among different storage temperatures and different fruit tissues of “Zhonghuashoutao”. By cross-comparisons of RNA-Seq data of samples with differential anthocyanin accumulation, transcription factor genes PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 were identified. These were functionally characterized as two positive regulators for anthocyanin accumulation via transient expression and genetic transformation. Various interaction assays revealed that both PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 can directly activate the PpMYB10.1 promoter and meanwhile interact at protein level as a PpZAT5-PpBBX32-PpMYB10.1 complex. Furthermore, the results of in silico analysis and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) indicated that MeJA favored anthocyanin accumulation, while it was also found that anthocyanin accumulation as well as PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 expression correlated significantly with endogenous JA and JA-Ile in different fruit tissues. In summary, PpBBX32 and PpZAT5 are upstream activators of PpMYB10.1, allowing JAs to take part in temperature-dependent and tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation by modulating their expression. This work enriches the knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for differential anthocyanin accumulation under internal and external factors.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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