Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3436773
Doyal Sarker;Tajnuba Hasan;Tri Ngo;Tuhin Das
This article introduces an acausal modeling approach for constructing a hydrodynamic module within the Control-oriented, Reconfigurable, and Acausal Floating Turbine Simulator (CRAFTS), a wind turbine simulator under development by the authors, to facilitate control codesign (CCD) for floating offshore wind turbines. Verification and validation of the model are conducted using numerical data from the industrial-standard simulation platform OpenFAST and experimental data from the Floating Offshore-wind and Controls Advanced Laboratory Project. The validation results highlight the qualitative ability of the hydrodynamic module in CRAFTS to accurately capture loads and responses under wave excitation, including the stabilizing effects of tuned mass dampers across various load cases. Modeling the VolturnUS-S semisubmersible floater in CRAFTS, known for its complexity compared to other floaters like spar-buoy or tension leg platforms, demonstrates the versatility of this modeling approach for different support structures. Furthermore, runtime simulation comparisons reveal the enhanced computational efficiency of CRAFTS compared to OpenFAST, indicating significant improvements and underscoring its suitability for CCD applications.
{"title":"Causality-Free Modeling and Validation of a Semisubmersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform With Tuned Mass Dampers","authors":"Doyal Sarker;Tajnuba Hasan;Tri Ngo;Tuhin Das","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3436773","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3436773","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces an acausal modeling approach for constructing a hydrodynamic module within the Control-oriented, Reconfigurable, and Acausal Floating Turbine Simulator (CRAFTS), a wind turbine simulator under development by the authors, to facilitate control codesign (CCD) for floating offshore wind turbines. Verification and validation of the model are conducted using numerical data from the industrial-standard simulation platform OpenFAST and experimental data from the Floating Offshore-wind and Controls Advanced Laboratory Project. The validation results highlight the qualitative ability of the hydrodynamic module in CRAFTS to accurately capture loads and responses under wave excitation, including the stabilizing effects of tuned mass dampers across various load cases. Modeling the VolturnUS-S semisubmersible floater in CRAFTS, known for its complexity compared to other floaters like spar-buoy or tension leg platforms, demonstrates the versatility of this modeling approach for different support structures. Furthermore, runtime simulation comparisons reveal the enhanced computational efficiency of CRAFTS compared to OpenFAST, indicating significant improvements and underscoring its suitability for CCD applications.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1430-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3436768
Jianan Zhang;Muk Chen Ong;Xueliang Wen
This study aims to develop a numerical model for stability and dynamic analyses of a floating dock during operations. The floating dock is modeled as a six-degree-of-freedom rigid body subjected to hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and mooring loads. The hydrostatic forces, including the dock's buoyancy and the ballast water's gravitational forces, are calculated using Archimedes’ law and strip theory. The hydrodynamic forces are estimated by considering the dock's added mass and dynamic damping. The mooring forces are determined using a catenary equation. A hydraulic model is proposed to calculate the ballast water flow rates during floating dock operations. A ballast water distribution strategy is presented and the effect of the vent pipes is studied. Using these numerical models, the dock's intact stability and the gravitational ballasting process are investigated. Results show that the proposed ballast water distribution strategy can help the dock achieve desired target draughts with zero heel and trim, and the vent pipe design can ensure a desired maximum draught. The metacentric heights and righting arms of the dock with different ballast water distributions are calculated through the intact stability analysis. Simulations are performed to study the dynamic processes of gravitational ballasting during maintenance operations. Overall, the proposed numerical model has practical applications in the floating dock's design, maintenance, and operations.
{"title":"A Numerical Model for Stability and Dynamic Analyses of a Floating Dock During Operations","authors":"Jianan Zhang;Muk Chen Ong;Xueliang Wen","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3436768","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3436768","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop a numerical model for stability and dynamic analyses of a floating dock during operations. The floating dock is modeled as a six-degree-of-freedom rigid body subjected to hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and mooring loads. The hydrostatic forces, including the dock's buoyancy and the ballast water's gravitational forces, are calculated using Archimedes’ law and strip theory. The hydrodynamic forces are estimated by considering the dock's added mass and dynamic damping. The mooring forces are determined using a catenary equation. A hydraulic model is proposed to calculate the ballast water flow rates during floating dock operations. A ballast water distribution strategy is presented and the effect of the vent pipes is studied. Using these numerical models, the dock's intact stability and the gravitational ballasting process are investigated. Results show that the proposed ballast water distribution strategy can help the dock achieve desired target draughts with zero heel and trim, and the vent pipe design can ensure a desired maximum draught. The metacentric heights and righting arms of the dock with different ballast water distributions are calculated through the intact stability analysis. Simulations are performed to study the dynamic processes of gravitational ballasting during maintenance operations. Overall, the proposed numerical model has practical applications in the floating dock's design, maintenance, and operations.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1160-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3429610
Raymond Young;Sophia Merrifield;Mark Anderson;Matthew Mazloff;Eric Terrill
An energy saving behavior is presented for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that uses greedy control decisions to take advantage of vertical gradients in ocean currents. The behavior relies on a dynamic vehicle model for motion and power consumption and environmental information that can be realistically obtained and processed onboard. Vehicle model parameters are consistent with a 12.75-in-diameter propeller-driven AUV. Simulation results are presented using a two-year tidally resolving ocean circulation model over three spatially distinct transits in the Southern California Bight. The energy saving behavior is compared to the common practice of transiting at fixed depth, as well as a “best case” scenario in which a vehicle has knowledge of the full-depth ocean current profile at its local position. The proposed behavior saves between 3% and 10% in energy expenditure depending on the vehicle's initial launch depth. On average, it is most efficient to initialize the vehicle at depths corresponding to the base of the surface oceanic mixed layer. Finally, a reduced order approximation of the optimal planning solution shows that the vehicle's depth choices oscillate with dominant tidal constituents for the region.
{"title":"A Greedy Depth-Seeking Behavior for Energy-Efficient Transits by an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle","authors":"Raymond Young;Sophia Merrifield;Mark Anderson;Matthew Mazloff;Eric Terrill","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3429610","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3429610","url":null,"abstract":"An energy saving behavior is presented for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that uses greedy control decisions to take advantage of vertical gradients in ocean currents. The behavior relies on a dynamic vehicle model for motion and power consumption and environmental information that can be realistically obtained and processed onboard. Vehicle model parameters are consistent with a 12.75-in-diameter propeller-driven AUV. Simulation results are presented using a two-year tidally resolving ocean circulation model over three spatially distinct transits in the Southern California Bight. The energy saving behavior is compared to the common practice of transiting at fixed depth, as well as a “best case” scenario in which a vehicle has knowledge of the full-depth ocean current profile at its local position. The proposed behavior saves between 3% and 10% in energy expenditure depending on the vehicle's initial launch depth. On average, it is most efficient to initialize the vehicle at depths corresponding to the base of the surface oceanic mixed layer. Finally, a reduced order approximation of the optimal planning solution shows that the vehicle's depth choices oscillate with dominant tidal constituents for the region.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1383-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3441833
Xianzhou Yi;Xiongbin Wu;Bin Wan;Zhihui Li
Mounting a high-frequency radar on a floating platform can increase flexibility compared to a shore-based high-frequency radar. However, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is significantly affected by yaw rotation. To analyze the DOA estimation results and optimize the adaptive beamforming methods for yaw compensation, two parameters are introduced: the beam shape keeping factor (BSKF) and the gain of noise power (GNP). The BSKF represents the integration of steering vector errors in the beam domain, while the GNP is the 2-norm ratio between the optimal and reference weight vectors. A smaller BSKF tends to have a reduced DOA estimation bias, and a lower GNP indicates a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Thus, BSKF and GNP are used to separately evaluate the bias and the stability of the DOA estimation. To avoid the SNR loss caused by adaptive beamforming, a comprehensive adaptive beamforming method is proposed, which balances BSKF and GNP. The effectiveness of these two parameters is confirmed through simulations and field experiments. Results show that an adaptive beamforming method for yaw compensation should minimize both BSKF and GNP.
{"title":"Analysis of Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for a Floating High-Frequency Radar With Yaw Rotation","authors":"Xianzhou Yi;Xiongbin Wu;Bin Wan;Zhihui Li","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3441833","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3441833","url":null,"abstract":"Mounting a high-frequency radar on a floating platform can increase flexibility compared to a shore-based high-frequency radar. However, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is significantly affected by yaw rotation. To analyze the DOA estimation results and optimize the adaptive beamforming methods for yaw compensation, two parameters are introduced: the beam shape keeping factor (BSKF) and the gain of noise power (GNP). The BSKF represents the integration of steering vector errors in the beam domain, while the GNP is the 2-norm ratio between the optimal and reference weight vectors. A smaller BSKF tends to have a reduced DOA estimation bias, and a lower GNP indicates a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Thus, BSKF and GNP are used to separately evaluate the bias and the stability of the DOA estimation. To avoid the SNR loss caused by adaptive beamforming, a comprehensive adaptive beamforming method is proposed, which balances BSKF and GNP. The effectiveness of these two parameters is confirmed through simulations and field experiments. Results show that an adaptive beamforming method for yaw compensation should minimize both BSKF and GNP.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1183-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3381390
Jo Inge Buskenes;Herman Midelfart;Øivind Midtgaard;Narada Dilp Warakagoda
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with side-looking sonars have become vital tools for seafloor exploration due to the combination of high image resolution and high area coverage rates. To reach their full operational performance AUVs also need onboard perception, including recognition of relevant objects. We combine adaptive template matching and real-time image simulation for automatic target recognition in synthetic aperture sonar images. We hypothesize that dynamic, rapid and fine-tuned search of object types and configurations should improve classification results and real-time responses. Analyses of experimental data with cylindrical objects outside of Horten, Norway, recorded by the Kongsberg Maritime HISAS1030 sonar, strengthened the hypothesis. Our setup outperformed a well-configured, static template database at false positive rates (FPR) above 10%–20%, with an area under curve improvement of one to two percent, depending on the correlation methods used. The system is implemented on a graphics processing unit using OpenGL and OpenCL, a computer graphics and general-purpose programming library, respectively. This facilitates a faster and more flexible classification process. We describe the implementation and provide a supplementary Python script to showcase the notation and implementation in practice.
{"title":"Real-Time Sonar Image Simulation for Adaptive Template Matching in Automatic Target Recognition","authors":"Jo Inge Buskenes;Herman Midelfart;Øivind Midtgaard;Narada Dilp Warakagoda","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3381390","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3381390","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with side-looking sonars have become vital tools for seafloor exploration due to the combination of high image resolution and high area coverage rates. To reach their full operational performance AUVs also need onboard perception, including recognition of relevant objects. We combine adaptive template matching and real-time image simulation for automatic target recognition in synthetic aperture sonar images. We hypothesize that dynamic, rapid and fine-tuned search of object types and configurations should improve classification results and real-time responses. Analyses of experimental data with cylindrical objects outside of Horten, Norway, recorded by the Kongsberg Maritime HISAS1030 sonar, strengthened the hypothesis. Our setup outperformed a well-configured, static template database at false positive rates (FPR) above 10%–20%, with an area under curve improvement of one to two percent, depending on the correlation methods used. The system is implemented on a graphics processing unit using OpenGL and OpenCL, a computer graphics and general-purpose programming library, respectively. This facilitates a faster and more flexible classification process. We describe the implementation and provide a supplementary Python script to showcase the notation and implementation in practice.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1488-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Underwater signal detection in shallow water needs to be able to handle several types of distortion. One is the time-spreading distortion (TSD), in which several replicas of the transmitted signal arrive at different times, as a result of the signal traveling over multiple propagation paths. In this article, we present a multichannel signal detector for TSD channels. The performance of the detector is first studied analytically, by deriving closed-form equations for the detection and false alarm probabilities of the multichannel detector in TSD channels. The detector's performance is further evaluated via computer simulations and underwater experiments. Two types of multichannel receivers are used in the underwater experiments. The first one is a sphere vector sensor that measures the vector components of the acoustic field, i.e., the x , y , and z acoustic particle velocities, as well as the scalar component of the acoustic field, that is, the acoustic pressure, whereas the second one is composed of scalar sensors, which are hydrophones that measure only the scalar component of the acoustic field. Our results indicate that, as the number of channels of the receiver increases, the detection probability in TSD channels increases and, furthermore, the detection probability becomes less dependent on the choice of the required number of correlators for each channel of the receiver. Given the multichannel nature of a small-size vector sensor, such a sensor can serve as an effective and compact multichannel signal detector in TSD channels. This can be of particular importance in small underwater platforms that have considerable size constraints.
{"title":"Multichannel Signal Detection in Time-Spreading Distortion Underwater Channels Using Vector and Scalar Sensors: Theory and Experiments","authors":"Rami Rashid;Erjian Zhang;Ali Abdi;Zoi-Heleni Michalopoulou","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3424108","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3424108","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater signal detection in shallow water needs to be able to handle several types of distortion. One is the time-spreading distortion (TSD), in which several replicas of the transmitted signal arrive at different times, as a result of the signal traveling over multiple propagation paths. In this article, we present a multichannel signal detector for TSD channels. The performance of the detector is first studied analytically, by deriving closed-form equations for the detection and false alarm probabilities of the multichannel detector in TSD channels. The detector's performance is further evaluated via computer simulations and underwater experiments. Two types of multichannel receivers are used in the underwater experiments. The first one is a sphere vector sensor that measures the vector components of the acoustic field, i.e., the \u0000<italic>x</i>\u0000, \u0000<italic>y</i>\u0000, and \u0000<italic>z</i>\u0000 acoustic particle velocities, as well as the scalar component of the acoustic field, that is, the acoustic pressure, whereas the second one is composed of scalar sensors, which are hydrophones that measure only the scalar component of the acoustic field. Our results indicate that, as the number of channels of the receiver increases, the detection probability in TSD channels increases and, furthermore, the detection probability becomes less dependent on the choice of the required number of correlators for each channel of the receiver. Given the multichannel nature of a small-size vector sensor, such a sensor can serve as an effective and compact multichannel signal detector in TSD channels. This can be of particular importance in small underwater platforms that have considerable size constraints.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1151-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2023.3338925
Zhipeng Li;Qing Zhang;Fengzhong Qu;Yan Wei;Xingbin Tu;Jing Xu;Wen Xu;Liuqing Yang
Acoustic vortex waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been demonstrated to transmit multiple independent data streams simultaneously. By virtue of the inherent orthogonality of OAM modes, ring-shaped intensity pattern, and vortex phase distribution, acoustic vortex waves can enhance both underwater communication and positioning. Such acoustic vortex-based communications have great potential to improve the data rate of underwater acoustic communications (UWAC) and achieve the underwater integration of sensing and communications. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed OAM-mode division multiplexing (OAM-MDM) system in UWAC. By employing a pair of uniform circular arrays (UCA), the coaxially transmitted underwater acoustic OAM modes are utilized to introduce extra degrees of freedom (DoFs). The data rate is increased multifold, and the theoretical limit of DoFs is attained by exploiting the generalized OAM modes. The theoretical power penalty and channel capacity of an ideal UCA-generated OAM mode are derived. In experiments, a high spectral efficiency of ${sim }4$ bit/s/Hz is achieved by multiplexing four acoustic OAM modes. A decision-feedback equalizer is employed to inhibit the crosstalk between OAM modes and decrease the bit error rate of OAM-MDM. Moreover, a partial receiving aperture scheme is demonstrated to miniaturize the size of conventional OAM communications. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for underwater acoustic OAM communications.
{"title":"High-Speed Underwater Acoustic Orbital Angular Momentum Communications","authors":"Zhipeng Li;Qing Zhang;Fengzhong Qu;Yan Wei;Xingbin Tu;Jing Xu;Wen Xu;Liuqing Yang","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3338925","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2023.3338925","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic vortex waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been demonstrated to transmit multiple independent data streams simultaneously. By virtue of the inherent orthogonality of OAM modes, ring-shaped intensity pattern, and vortex phase distribution, acoustic vortex waves can enhance both underwater communication and positioning. Such acoustic vortex-based communications have great potential to improve the data rate of underwater acoustic communications (UWAC) and achieve the underwater integration of sensing and communications. Here, we demonstrate a high-speed OAM-mode division multiplexing (OAM-MDM) system in UWAC. By employing a pair of uniform circular arrays (UCA), the coaxially transmitted underwater acoustic OAM modes are utilized to introduce extra degrees of freedom (DoFs). The data rate is increased multifold, and the theoretical limit of DoFs is attained by exploiting the generalized OAM modes. The theoretical power penalty and channel capacity of an ideal UCA-generated OAM mode are derived. In experiments, a high spectral efficiency of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${sim }4$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 bit/s/Hz is achieved by multiplexing four acoustic OAM modes. A decision-feedback equalizer is employed to inhibit the crosstalk between OAM modes and decrease the bit error rate of OAM-MDM. Moreover, a partial receiving aperture scheme is demonstrated to miniaturize the size of conventional OAM communications. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for underwater acoustic OAM communications.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1588-1604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3429653
Xin Wu;Lin Zhang;Jipeng Huang;Lianming Wang
The ability of underwater robots to accurately perceive their surroundings relies heavily on high-quality imaging systems. However, capturing clear images in aquatic environments is difficult due to light absorption and scattering challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop underwater image enhancement techniques to address this issue, but striking a balance between computational speed, enhancement effect, and robustness remains a significant challenge. Our research takes a unique approach by analyzing the degradation of standard colors and utilizing the degradation of white as a priori information for our proposed adaptive color restoration and histogram equalization method. By modeling the difference in white color between air and underwater images, we estimate compensation coefficients via optimization to restore the color of underwater images. Our method achieves a superior balance of computational speed, color enhancement effect, and robustness compared with other state-of-the-art methods, as demonstrated by our experiments in various sea areas. This research significantly advances our understanding of underwater imaging and provides a practical solution for enhancing underwater images.
{"title":"Underwater Image Enhancement via Modeling White Degradation","authors":"Xin Wu;Lin Zhang;Jipeng Huang;Lianming Wang","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3429653","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3429653","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of underwater robots to accurately perceive their surroundings relies heavily on high-quality imaging systems. However, capturing clear images in aquatic environments is difficult due to light absorption and scattering challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop underwater image enhancement techniques to address this issue, but striking a balance between computational speed, enhancement effect, and robustness remains a significant challenge. Our research takes a unique approach by analyzing the degradation of standard colors and utilizing the degradation of white as a priori information for our proposed adaptive color restoration and histogram equalization method. By modeling the difference in white color between air and underwater images, we estimate compensation coefficients via optimization to restore the color of underwater images. Our method achieves a superior balance of computational speed, color enhancement effect, and robustness compared with other state-of-the-art methods, as demonstrated by our experiments in various sea areas. This research significantly advances our understanding of underwater imaging and provides a practical solution for enhancing underwater images.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1220-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2024.3428624
Gangping Zhang;Chaofeng Li;Jiajia Yan;Yuhui Zheng
Underwater imagery frequently exhibits a multitude of degradation phenomena, including chromatic aberrations, optical blurring, and diminished contrast, thereby exacerbating the complexity of underwater endeavors. Among the existing underwater image enhancement (UIE) methods, cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN)-based methods rely on unpaired data sets. Based on CycleGAN, we propose an underwater light field and depth map-optimized CycleGAN (ULD-CycleGAN) for UIE. First, an underwater light field and depth maps are obtained via multiscale Gaussian filtering and the Depth-Net network. Then, they are fed into an enhanced image generator with a dual encoding subnetwork (namely, light-subnet and depth-subnet) for independent encoding. Furthermore, a depth fusion module is designed to enhance the underwater modeling information interaction between these two subnetworks and improve the underwater modeling capabilities of the image enhancement generator. Moreover, a frequency-domain loss is proposed to augment the visual aesthetics of the generated images. Extensive experimental evaluations show that our proposed methodology achieves commendable results in terms of color correction, complex scenes, and luminance, surpassing the state-of-the-art UIE methods in comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessments. Furthermore, underwater object detection experiments are conducted to further elucidate the efficacy of our ULD-CycleGAN.
{"title":"ULD-CycleGAN: An Underwater Light Field and Depth Map-Optimized CycleGAN for Underwater Image Enhancement","authors":"Gangping Zhang;Chaofeng Li;Jiajia Yan;Yuhui Zheng","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3428624","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3428624","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater imagery frequently exhibits a multitude of degradation phenomena, including chromatic aberrations, optical blurring, and diminished contrast, thereby exacerbating the complexity of underwater endeavors. Among the existing underwater image enhancement (UIE) methods, cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN)-based methods rely on unpaired data sets. Based on CycleGAN, we propose an underwater light field and depth map-optimized CycleGAN (ULD-CycleGAN) for UIE. First, an underwater light field and depth maps are obtained via multiscale Gaussian filtering and the Depth-Net network. Then, they are fed into an enhanced image generator with a dual encoding subnetwork (namely, light-subnet and depth-subnet) for independent encoding. Furthermore, a depth fusion module is designed to enhance the underwater modeling information interaction between these two subnetworks and improve the underwater modeling capabilities of the image enhancement generator. Moreover, a frequency-domain loss is proposed to augment the visual aesthetics of the generated images. Extensive experimental evaluations show that our proposed methodology achieves commendable results in terms of color correction, complex scenes, and luminance, surpassing the state-of-the-art UIE methods in comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessments. Furthermore, underwater object detection experiments are conducted to further elucidate the efficacy of our ULD-CycleGAN.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1275-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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