This study presents a deconvolution method based on Tikhonov regularization to mitigate multipath interference in mirror-type coastal acoustic tomographic systems, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of ocean current estimation. The proposed approach is validated using data from a field experiment conducted in the Nekoseto Strait, Japan, in 2017. The results demonstrate effective extraction of arrival patterns under conditions of high channel temporal coherence $(>0.9)$; however, performance degradation is observed during periods of rapid channel variability. The current speed estimates derived from the deconvolved mirror patterns show significantly closer alignment with reciprocal regular transmission estimates, compared to conventional methods that rely on first arrival picking. Our analysis reveals a strong positive correlation ($R^{2} = 0.92$) between temporal coherence and extraction quality, underscoring the essential role of channel stability in the effectiveness of the deconvolution process.
{"title":"Tikhonov Regularization for Multipath Interference Reduction in Mirror-Type Coastal Acoustic Tomographic Systems","authors":"Yen-Hsiang Chen;Chen-Fen Huang;Naokazu Taniguchi;Jen-Hwa Guo","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3586414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3586414","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a deconvolution method based on Tikhonov regularization to mitigate multipath interference in mirror-type coastal acoustic tomographic systems, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of ocean current estimation. The proposed approach is validated using data from a field experiment conducted in the Nekoseto Strait, Japan, in 2017. The results demonstrate effective extraction of arrival patterns under conditions of high channel temporal coherence <inline-formula><tex-math>$(>0.9)$</tex-math></inline-formula>; however, performance degradation is observed during periods of rapid channel variability. The current speed estimates derived from the deconvolved mirror patterns show significantly closer alignment with reciprocal regular transmission estimates, compared to conventional methods that rely on first arrival picking. Our analysis reveals a strong positive correlation (<inline-formula><tex-math>$R^{2} = 0.92$</tex-math></inline-formula>) between temporal coherence and extraction quality, underscoring the essential role of channel stability in the effectiveness of the deconvolution process.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3160-3171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate noise power spectral density (PSD) estimation is crucial for noncooperative underwater acoustic pulse (UWAP) signal enhancement. In this work, we propose an effective noise PSD estimation method based on the framework of time-recursive averaging algorithms. Unlike conventional methods, where estimating noise spectrum involves a weighted average of past noise estimates and the current observed signal spectrum, the proposed approach does not rely on a time- and single-frequency-dependent weight factor. Instead, it employs a unique time- and multifrequency-dependent weight factor, akin to a time–frequency signal presence probability (SPP). To sense the SPPs of noisy noncooperative UWAP signals without prior information, we define and extract two key time–frequency characteristics of the UWAP signal: the time-dependent energy fluctuation characteristic and the frequency-dependent short-time narrowband characteristic. These characteristics enable us to derive time–frequency SPPs. The proposed method’s superior performance over existing state-of-the-art algorithms is verified through simulations and experiments with sea trial data.
{"title":"Noise PSD Estimation Based on Time–Frequency Signal Presence Probability Sensing for Noncooperative Underwater Acoustic Pulse Signal Enhancement","authors":"Shuai Yao;Qingyun Kuang;Qiwei Liu;Yixuan Zhang;Chenxin Xiao;Qisong Wu","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3573787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3573787","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate noise power spectral density (PSD) estimation is crucial for noncooperative underwater acoustic pulse (UWAP) signal enhancement. In this work, we propose an effective noise PSD estimation method based on the framework of time-recursive averaging algorithms. Unlike conventional methods, where estimating noise spectrum involves a weighted average of past noise estimates and the current observed signal spectrum, the proposed approach does not rely on a time- and single-frequency-dependent weight factor. Instead, it employs a unique time- and multifrequency-dependent weight factor, akin to a time–frequency signal presence probability (SPP). To sense the SPPs of noisy noncooperative UWAP signals without prior information, we define and extract two key time–frequency characteristics of the UWAP signal: the time-dependent energy fluctuation characteristic and the frequency-dependent short-time narrowband characteristic. These characteristics enable us to derive time–frequency SPPs. The proposed method’s superior performance over existing state-of-the-art algorithms is verified through simulations and experiments with sea trial data.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3201-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3578696
Mingyang Li;Qian Ma;Chao Sun
Matched field processing (MFP) compares the array-sampled sound field with the predicted field from a full-wave propagation model for source localization in shallow water. Its performance is highly limited by environmental uncertainties, that is, the environmental parameters are known only within certain value bounds—for example, the water depth is known within $(text{102.5}pm text{2.5})$ m. The prevalent method, the MFP with environmental perturbation constraints (MFP-EPC), achieves improved robustness by constraining the beamformer response on possible signal vectors regarding different realizations of all unknown environmental parameters. But it experiences large performance degradation when the uncertainties are extant. This work exploits the varying effects of the uncertainties in various environmental parameters on the sound field’s variations and proposes an enhanced MFP-EPC method. We find from numerous numerical studies that the uncertainty in water depth can cause much more notable variations to the possible signal vectors than the other environmental parameters in downward-refracting shallow-water channels. We also demonstrate that the MFP-EPC’s performance is proportional to the correlations among the possible signal vectors. Thus, we propose to separate the water depth from the full environmental uncertainty set and to match the received data with multiple sets of the MFP-EPC weights corresponding to different possible water depths within its value range. The resulting processor, called the environmental-parameter-importance-informed MFP-EPC, can achieve better performance over MFP-EPC. The performance superiority of the proposed method is verified by simulations in the general mismatched benchmark channel and is evaluated under different source and environmental conditions. The real data collected at the north of the island of Elba in 1993 also demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness.
{"title":"Environmental-Parameter-Importance-Informed Robust Matched Field Processing in Uncertain Shallow Water","authors":"Mingyang Li;Qian Ma;Chao Sun","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3578696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3578696","url":null,"abstract":"Matched field processing (MFP) compares the array-sampled sound field with the predicted field from a full-wave propagation model for source localization in shallow water. Its performance is highly limited by environmental uncertainties, that is, the environmental parameters are known only within certain value bounds—for example, the water depth is known within <inline-formula><tex-math>$(text{102.5}pm text{2.5})$</tex-math></inline-formula> m. The prevalent method, the MFP with environmental perturbation constraints (MFP-EPC), achieves improved robustness by constraining the beamformer response on possible signal vectors regarding different realizations of all unknown environmental parameters. But it experiences large performance degradation when the uncertainties are extant. This work exploits the varying effects of the uncertainties in various environmental parameters on the sound field’s variations and proposes an enhanced MFP-EPC method. We find from numerous numerical studies that the uncertainty in water depth can cause much more notable variations to the possible signal vectors than the other environmental parameters in downward-refracting shallow-water channels. We also demonstrate that the MFP-EPC’s performance is proportional to the correlations among the possible signal vectors. Thus, we propose to separate the water depth from the full environmental uncertainty set and to match the received data with multiple sets of the MFP-EPC weights corresponding to different possible water depths within its value range. The resulting processor, called the environmental-parameter-importance-informed MFP-EPC, can achieve better performance over MFP-EPC. The performance superiority of the proposed method is verified by simulations in the general mismatched benchmark channel and is evaluated under different source and environmental conditions. The real data collected at the north of the island of Elba in 1993 also demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3172-3183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3560770
Hanumant Singh;John Leonard;Christopher Roman
{"title":"Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Issue on the IEEE 2024 AUV Symposium","authors":"Hanumant Singh;John Leonard;Christopher Roman","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3560770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3560770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 3","pages":"1571-1572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11082592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3574564
Cong Zhang;Yaqi Tian;Tao Peng;Lei Kang;Fucai Hu
During the navigation of underwater vehicles, the numerous mechanical components inside the shell inevitably generate vibrational noise. Accurately identifying the primary excitation sources is of great significance for vibration and noise reduction. Direct noise source separation faces challenges such as the limited internal space in the shell, making it difficult to arrange excitation equipment, severe coupling between transmission paths during equipment operation, and complicated testing procedures. By using the reciprocity method, which measures the response of various mechanical components to an external sound source, these difficulties can be circumvented. This study employs the reciprocity method to analyze the contribution of various mechanical components inside an underwater vehicle to underwater acoustic radiation. First, a comparison between the frequency response functions from direct and reciprocal experiments shows that the trends of the frequency response function curves are consistent, with an amplitude error of within 5 dB, verifying the validity of reciprocity. Subsequently, based on the reciprocal frequency response functions, the acoustic radiation contribution analysis of each mechanical component is conducted and compared with the contribution from direct experiments obtained through operational transfer path analysis. The ranking of acoustic radiation contributions identified by both the reciprocal and direct experiments is consistent, with a contribution error of 10% . This study provides a reference for the identification of noise sources of mechanical equipment in underwater vehicles.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Acoustic Radiation Contribution of an Underwater Shell Based on the Reciprocity Principle","authors":"Cong Zhang;Yaqi Tian;Tao Peng;Lei Kang;Fucai Hu","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3574564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3574564","url":null,"abstract":"During the navigation of underwater vehicles, the numerous mechanical components inside the shell inevitably generate vibrational noise. Accurately identifying the primary excitation sources is of great significance for vibration and noise reduction. Direct noise source separation faces challenges such as the limited internal space in the shell, making it difficult to arrange excitation equipment, severe coupling between transmission paths during equipment operation, and complicated testing procedures. By using the reciprocity method, which measures the response of various mechanical components to an external sound source, these difficulties can be circumvented. This study employs the reciprocity method to analyze the contribution of various mechanical components inside an underwater vehicle to underwater acoustic radiation. First, a comparison between the frequency response functions from direct and reciprocal experiments shows that the trends of the frequency response function curves are consistent, with an amplitude error of within 5 dB, verifying the validity of reciprocity. Subsequently, based on the reciprocal frequency response functions, the acoustic radiation contribution analysis of each mechanical component is conducted and compared with the contribution from direct experiments obtained through operational transfer path analysis. The ranking of acoustic radiation contributions identified by both the reciprocal and direct experiments is consistent, with a contribution error of 10% . This study provides a reference for the identification of noise sources of mechanical equipment in underwater vehicles.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3131-3144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3531935
Peter Ventola;Gregory Burgess;Brian Claus;Richard Camilli
In this article, we present the design and test results of an autonomous underwater glider: Enhanced Propulsion Integrated Capability—Deep Autonomous Underwater Glider. This modified Slocum glider uses redesigned lifting surfaces and hybrid propulsion that are optimized for efficient operation in confined depth bands, deep water profiling, and adverse currents. Modeling suggests a maximum through-water velocity approaching 2 m/s and a theoretical maximum range up to 7000 km when equipped with a commercially available Li-ion rechargeable battery pack. Results indicate more than 30% improvement in glide efficiency and demonstrate the ability of this vehicle to operate equally well within ice-covered coastal regions and the deep ocean. These capabilities, combined with an improved navigation process, permit long-range and shore-launched missions with energy-intensive payloads.
{"title":"An Autonomous Underwater Glider With Improved Transport Efficiency","authors":"Peter Ventola;Gregory Burgess;Brian Claus;Richard Camilli","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3531935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3531935","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present the design and test results of an autonomous underwater glider: Enhanced Propulsion Integrated Capability—Deep Autonomous Underwater Glider. This modified Slocum glider uses redesigned lifting surfaces and hybrid propulsion that are optimized for efficient operation in confined depth bands, deep water profiling, and adverse currents. Modeling suggests a maximum through-water velocity approaching 2 m/s and a theoretical maximum range up to 7000 km when equipped with a commercially available Li-ion rechargeable battery pack. Results indicate more than 30% improvement in glide efficiency and demonstrate the ability of this vehicle to operate equally well within ice-covered coastal regions and the deep ocean. These capabilities, combined with an improved navigation process, permit long-range and shore-launched missions with energy-intensive payloads.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 3","pages":"1657-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3565788
Andrea Trucco;Silvana Neves
Recently, a method has been proposed that, by performing a principal component analysis (PCA) of the noise spectra recorded near an offshore wind turbine, followed by a supervised regression procedure, computes the prediction of the noise power spectral density as wind speed changes. This article addresses two problems of practical importance that the above method fails to adequately solve. In the former, the operating condition of the turbine is defined by the combination of wind speed and rotational speed. The spectra available are few and are recorded during sea campaigns in which operating conditions occur with different probabilities. As a result, the data set is highly unbalanced. In the second, the noise spectrum near a given turbine is predicted on the basis of numerous balanced recordings taken near a second turbine, nominally identical. To enhance the prediction, very few unbalanced recordings taken near the first turbine are available. Here, an original method is proposed that combines weighted PCA, where different importance is given to the recorded spectra, with a regularized technique to estimate the scores that finally combine the PCA results. A wide range of metrics (both general and focused on harmonics or on performance variation with respect to operating condition) is also adopted to assess the similarity between the predicted and actual spectra, thanks to which the advantage of the proposed method in solving the two problems is demonstrated.
{"title":"Regularized PCA-Based Prediction of Wind Turbine Underwater Noise From Few Unbalanced Observations","authors":"Andrea Trucco;Silvana Neves","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3565788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3565788","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a method has been proposed that, by performing a principal component analysis (PCA) of the noise spectra recorded near an offshore wind turbine, followed by a supervised regression procedure, computes the prediction of the noise power spectral density as wind speed changes. This article addresses two problems of practical importance that the above method fails to adequately solve. In the former, the operating condition of the turbine is defined by the combination of wind speed and rotational speed. The spectra available are few and are recorded during sea campaigns in which operating conditions occur with different probabilities. As a result, the data set is highly unbalanced. In the second, the noise spectrum near a given turbine is predicted on the basis of numerous balanced recordings taken near a second turbine, nominally identical. To enhance the prediction, very few unbalanced recordings taken near the first turbine are available. Here, an original method is proposed that combines weighted PCA, where different importance is given to the recorded spectra, with a regularized technique to estimate the scores that finally combine the PCA results. A wide range of metrics (both general and focused on harmonics or on performance variation with respect to operating condition) is also adopted to assess the similarity between the predicted and actual spectra, thanks to which the advantage of the proposed method in solving the two problems is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3264-3281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3568070
Talmon Alexandri;Roee Diamant
The rise in shipborne underwater radiated noise (URN) has been recognized as a form of pollution that necessitates regular monitoring. Current monitoring procedures require vessel cooperation and costly infrastructure. We identify a knowledge gap regarding the monitoring of URN from vessels of opportunity, where recordings may capture noise from multiple vessels simultaneously. To address this, we propose a framework that uses clustering techniques to differentiate between narrowband tonal components produced by various vessels, as recorded by a single omnidirectional hydrophone. These tonal lines are then associated with nearby ships using data from their automatic identification system (AIS). Our approach involves feature extraction, allowing for the classification of tonal lines into clusters that likely originate from the same vessel. These clusters are then matched with AIS tracks based on their temporal correlation. Our method eliminates the need for manual intervention for vessel screening and tagging. The methodology was tested using data collected from a recorder placed near the approach route to the Haifa port in Israel. The results demonstrate over high accuracy in tonal clustering and above 99% true positive in cluster–AIS associations.
{"title":"Ship Underwater Radiated Noise and Automatic Identification System Track Association","authors":"Talmon Alexandri;Roee Diamant","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3568070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3568070","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in shipborne underwater radiated noise (URN) has been recognized as a form of pollution that necessitates regular monitoring. Current monitoring procedures require vessel cooperation and costly infrastructure. We identify a knowledge gap regarding the monitoring of URN from vessels of opportunity, where recordings may capture noise from multiple vessels simultaneously. To address this, we propose a framework that uses clustering techniques to differentiate between narrowband tonal components produced by various vessels, as recorded by a single omnidirectional hydrophone. These tonal lines are then associated with nearby ships using data from their automatic identification system (AIS). Our approach involves feature extraction, allowing for the classification of tonal lines into clusters that likely originate from the same vessel. These clusters are then matched with AIS tracks based on their temporal correlation. Our method eliminates the need for manual intervention for vessel screening and tagging. The methodology was tested using data collected from a recorder placed near the approach route to the Haifa port in Israel. The results demonstrate over high accuracy in tonal clustering and above 99% true positive in cluster–AIS associations.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"3235-3247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3565078
Zengshuang Li;Yong Zhang;Cheng Cheng;Yuting Yan
Multiagent coverage search and task allocation for multiple targets poses a significant challenge in maritime safety. In real marine environments, each agent may possess unique attributes involving detection radius and sailing speed. Multiple probes of targets are typically required for comprehensive data collection, and targets need reprobing at specified intervals due to external factors, making these complexities crucial to address. Driven by maritime practice, we develop a target search model tailored to derive optimal search paths for multiple agents operating in uncharted sea areas. In addition, we introduce an optimal algorithm and task allocation model designed to efficiently assign probing tasks to multiple agents, considering the need for multiple visits to targets and revisit time intervals. The results demonstrate that our approach can efficiently generate optimal solutions from small to large-scale problems within a short time. Our method is expected to enhance maritime target search and probe.
{"title":"Optimization of Multiagent Collaboration for Efficient Maritime Target Search and Probe Tasks Allocation","authors":"Zengshuang Li;Yong Zhang;Cheng Cheng;Yuting Yan","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3565078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3565078","url":null,"abstract":"Multiagent coverage search and task allocation for multiple targets poses a significant challenge in maritime safety. In real marine environments, each agent may possess unique attributes involving detection radius and sailing speed. Multiple probes of targets are typically required for comprehensive data collection, and targets need reprobing at specified intervals due to external factors, making these complexities crucial to address. Driven by maritime practice, we develop a target search model tailored to derive optimal search paths for multiple agents operating in uncharted sea areas. In addition, we introduce an optimal algorithm and task allocation model designed to efficiently assign probing tasks to multiple agents, considering the need for multiple visits to targets and revisit time intervals. The results demonstrate that our approach can efficiently generate optimal solutions from small to large-scale problems within a short time. Our method is expected to enhance maritime target search and probe.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 3","pages":"1836-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2025.3562630
Frans Shafuda;Hayato Kondo
In a turbid water environment, captured images suffer from degradation due to poor visibility and low contrast caused by the scattering and absorption of light. This can be further exacerbated by foreground occlusion due to suspended macro particles. Artificial light sources are often used to improve visibility, but using single point light sources, such as spotlights results in captured images with regions of strong backscatter and regions of low signal, negatively affecting conventional underwater image restoration methods. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel scene illumination and scan approach that uses two parallel light emitting diode light strips and a single camera at the center to ensure uniform scene illumination with a defined distribution pattern. We scan and capture scene images in a synthetic aperture imaging fashion, obtaining multiple images with overlapping views and high spatial coherence. Based on the introduced scene illumination and scan approach, we propose a turbidity removal method that uses multiview image information and a defined illumination pattern to estimate backscatter, as well as an occlusion compensation method that takes advantage of spatial coherence among images to remove foreground occlusion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in restoring visibility of turbid and occluded scenes.
{"title":"A Multiview-Based Visibility Restoration Method for a Turbid and Occluded Underwater Scene","authors":"Frans Shafuda;Hayato Kondo","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2025.3562630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2025.3562630","url":null,"abstract":"In a turbid water environment, captured images suffer from degradation due to poor visibility and low contrast caused by the scattering and absorption of light. This can be further exacerbated by foreground occlusion due to suspended macro particles. Artificial light sources are often used to improve visibility, but using single point light sources, such as spotlights results in captured images with regions of strong backscatter and regions of low signal, negatively affecting conventional underwater image restoration methods. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel scene illumination and scan approach that uses two parallel light emitting diode light strips and a single camera at the center to ensure uniform scene illumination with a defined distribution pattern. We scan and capture scene images in a synthetic aperture imaging fashion, obtaining multiple images with overlapping views and high spatial coherence. Based on the introduced scene illumination and scan approach, we propose a turbidity removal method that uses multiview image information and a defined illumination pattern to estimate backscatter, as well as an occlusion compensation method that takes advantage of spatial coherence among images to remove foreground occlusion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in restoring visibility of turbid and occluded scenes.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"50 3","pages":"1906-1929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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