Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000200123
Amilcar Isidro Servín Niz, Modesto Osmar Da Silva Ovkdo, Eulalio Morel López, Oscar Caballero Casuriaga, Luciano Oliveira Geissenhoff, Fabricio Correia de Oliveirá, Andrea Duarte Aguilera
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of summer green manure coverage as a weed suppressant in a crop rotation system. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks (DBCA), consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of green manure covers: Canavalia ensiformis (T1), Mucuna pruriens (T2), Cajanus cajan (T3), Crotalaria juncea (T4), Phaseolus vulgaris (T5), a control, conventional system (T6) was also used, mainly the control was used for the determinations of green mass of weeds, height of the pearl millet and green mass of the pearl millet. The determinations evaluated were; coverage persistence (Mg Ha –1 ) at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, weed suppression (Mg Ha –1 ) at 30, 60 and 90 days, green mass of weeds (Mg Ha –1 ) at 30, 60 and 90 days, height of the Pennisetum glaucum (cm) at 60 and 90 days, green mass of the pearl millet (Mg Ha –1 ) at 60 and 90 days. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (Test F 5%) and the means of the treatments with significance were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability of error. In the determination of the green mass of weeds, significance was obtained between the conventional system (Control) and the green manure covers, so it can be affirmed that the use of vegetable covers reduces the incidence of weeds, greatly benefiting the reduction of competition between the crop. of economic importance in question and weeds.
本研究的目的是评价夏季绿肥覆盖在作物轮作系统中作为杂草抑制剂的使用效果。试验设计采用随机完全区(DBCA)，包括5个处理和4个重复。处理包括绿肥覆盖:菜豆(T1)、麻豆(T2)、菜豆(T3)、芥菜(T4)、菜豆(T5)，对照采用常规系统(T6)，对照主要用于测定杂草绿质量、珍珠粟高和珍珠粟绿质量。评价的测定值为;0、15、30、45和60天的覆盖度(Mg Ha -1)， 30、60和90天的杂草抑制(Mg Ha -1)， 30、60和90天的杂草绿质量(Mg Ha -1)， 60和90天的狼尾草高(cm)， 60和90天的珍珠粟绿质量(Mg Ha -1)。获得的数据进行方差分析(f5 %检验)，具有显著性的处理的均值采用Tukey检验，误差概率为5%。在杂草绿质量的测定中，常规系统(Control)与绿肥覆盖得到显著性，因此可以肯定蔬菜覆盖的使用减少了杂草的发生，大大有利于减少作物之间的竞争。经济重要性的问题和杂草。
{"title":"Cobertura de abonos verdes de verano como supresor de malezas en un sistema de rotación de cultivos utilizando Pennisetum glaucum","authors":"Amilcar Isidro Servín Niz, Modesto Osmar Da Silva Ovkdo, Eulalio Morel López, Oscar Caballero Casuriaga, Luciano Oliveira Geissenhoff, Fabricio Correia de Oliveirá, Andrea Duarte Aguilera","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000200123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000200123","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of summer green manure coverage as a weed suppressant in a crop rotation system. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks (DBCA), consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of green manure covers: Canavalia ensiformis (T1), Mucuna pruriens (T2), Cajanus cajan (T3), Crotalaria juncea (T4), Phaseolus vulgaris (T5), a control, conventional system (T6) was also used, mainly the control was used for the determinations of green mass of weeds, height of the pearl millet and green mass of the pearl millet. The determinations evaluated were; coverage persistence (Mg Ha –1 ) at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, weed suppression (Mg Ha –1 ) at 30, 60 and 90 days, green mass of weeds (Mg Ha –1 ) at 30, 60 and 90 days, height of the Pennisetum glaucum (cm) at 60 and 90 days, green mass of the pearl millet (Mg Ha –1 ) at 60 and 90 days. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (Test F 5%) and the means of the treatments with significance were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability of error. In the determination of the green mass of weeds, significance was obtained between the conventional system (Control) and the green manure covers, so it can be affirmed that the use of vegetable covers reduces the incidence of weeds, greatly benefiting the reduction of competition between the crop. of economic importance in question and weeds.","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000200129
Felipe S. Carevic, Ermindo Barrientos
{"title":"Efectos de la introducción de fauna alóctona (danis familiaris) en ecosistemas áridos: estudio de caso en cactáceas endémicas","authors":"Felipe S. Carevic, Ermindo Barrientos","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000200129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000200129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"24 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000300067
Júlia Janice Loffler, Beatriz Fernanda Silva Lima, Severino de Paiva Sobrinho, Armando Reis Tavares, Petterson Baptista da Luz
The knowledge about aspects related to seed germination are extremely important to the propagation of Passiflora species. Considering the diversity of Passiflora species and the need of studies that can elucidate the germination process of Passiflora seeds this study aimed was to evaluate methods to overcome seed dormancy in two Passiflora species ( P. morifolia and P. cincinnata ) by pre-germinative treatments as physical scarification, immersion in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and Promalin ® (GA 4+7 + N-(phenylmethyl) -aminopurine). To dormancy overcoming, the pre-germinative treatments were: scarification in sandpaper; immersion in water at 50 ºC for 5 minutes; imbibition in 400, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L –1 GA 3 for 5 hours; scarification in sandpaper + imbibition in 400, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L –1 GA 3 for 5 hours; and imbibition in 0.03, 0.45, 0.90 and 2% Promalin ® for 6 and 12 hours. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by Tukey test and Scott-Knott, respectively, at 5% of probability using the software SISVAR. Germinability, germination time, germination velocity, uncertainty and germination synchrony were evaluated. The results showed that 0.45, 0.90 and 2% Promalin ® for 6 and 12 hours were effective to overcome the seed dormancy in P. cincinnata . The treatment 1000 mg L-1 GA 3 achieved the highest result to overcome the dormancy in P. morifolia seeds.
{"title":"Overcoming seed dormancy in Passiflora species","authors":"Júlia Janice Loffler, Beatriz Fernanda Silva Lima, Severino de Paiva Sobrinho, Armando Reis Tavares, Petterson Baptista da Luz","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000300067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000300067","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge about aspects related to seed germination are extremely important to the propagation of Passiflora species. Considering the diversity of Passiflora species and the need of studies that can elucidate the germination process of Passiflora seeds this study aimed was to evaluate methods to overcome seed dormancy in two Passiflora species ( P. morifolia and P. cincinnata ) by pre-germinative treatments as physical scarification, immersion in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and Promalin ® (GA 4+7 + N-(phenylmethyl) -aminopurine). To dormancy overcoming, the pre-germinative treatments were: scarification in sandpaper; immersion in water at 50 ºC for 5 minutes; imbibition in 400, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L –1 GA 3 for 5 hours; scarification in sandpaper + imbibition in 400, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L –1 GA 3 for 5 hours; and imbibition in 0.03, 0.45, 0.90 and 2% Promalin ® for 6 and 12 hours. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages compared by Tukey test and Scott-Knott, respectively, at 5% of probability using the software SISVAR. Germinability, germination time, germination velocity, uncertainty and germination synchrony were evaluated. The results showed that 0.45, 0.90 and 2% Promalin ® for 6 and 12 hours were effective to overcome the seed dormancy in P. cincinnata . The treatment 1000 mg L-1 GA 3 achieved the highest result to overcome the dormancy in P. morifolia seeds.","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88710876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000200113
H. A. Chenarbon
The abrasion of tillage implements, such as moldboard plows that consume more energy than others, dramatically affects tillage quality and compacts soil, reduces tillage depth, increases fuel consumption, wears out engine components, and reduces traction efficiency. Therefore, the effect of tillage depth (10, 20, and 30 cm) and share age (in hectares of operation in 20 two-hectare plots for each depth) on the MF399 tractor’s fuel consumption and drive wheel slippage was evaluated. The split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design was used for data analysis, and Duncan’s multiple range test conducted the mean comparison at α = 1%. The results show that tillage depth and share age significantly affected tractor fuel consumption and drive wheel slippage. Maximum (68.67 lit/ha) and minimum (44.73 lit/ha) average fuel consumption and maximum (21.32%) and minimum (11.84%) average drive wheel slippage percentages were measured in 30 and 10 cm tillage depths. Moreover, increasing tillage depth from 10 to 20 cm and from 10 to 30 cm respectively increased fuel consumption by 18.90 and 53.52% and increased slippage from 32.68% and 80.06%. Meanwhile, slippage exceeded 15% after respectively 30, 20, and 12 hectares of tillage in 10, 20, and 30 cm depths, and fuel consumption significantly increased after 14, 12, and 10 hectares relative to using new shares.
{"title":"Effect of moldboard plow share age and tillage depth on slippage and fuel consumption of Tractor (MF399) in Varamin region","authors":"H. A. Chenarbon","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000200113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000200113","url":null,"abstract":"The abrasion of tillage implements, such as moldboard plows that consume more energy than others, dramatically affects tillage quality and compacts soil, reduces tillage depth, increases fuel consumption, wears out engine components, and reduces traction efficiency. Therefore, the effect of tillage depth (10, 20, and 30 cm) and share age (in hectares of operation in 20 two-hectare plots for each depth) on the MF399 tractor’s fuel consumption and drive wheel slippage was evaluated. The split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design was used for data analysis, and Duncan’s multiple range test conducted the mean comparison at α = 1%. The results show that tillage depth and share age significantly affected tractor fuel consumption and drive wheel slippage. Maximum (68.67 lit/ha) and minimum (44.73 lit/ha) average fuel consumption and maximum (21.32%) and minimum (11.84%) average drive wheel slippage percentages were measured in 30 and 10 cm tillage depths. Moreover, increasing tillage depth from 10 to 20 cm and from 10 to 30 cm respectively increased fuel consumption by 18.90 and 53.52% and increased slippage from 32.68% and 80.06%. Meanwhile, slippage exceeded 15% after respectively 30, 20, and 12 hectares of tillage in 10, 20, and 30 cm depths, and fuel consumption significantly increased after 14, 12, and 10 hectares relative to using new shares.","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000300135
A. P. Zhikharev, L. Sahakyan, G. Tepanosyan, Kooichi Vidal, Alexander Nmman
{"title":"Metal phytotoxicity thresholds in copper smelter-contaminated soils","authors":"A. P. Zhikharev, L. Sahakyan, G. Tepanosyan, Kooichi Vidal, Alexander Nmman","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000300135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000300135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73226189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000300103
G. Sepúlveda-Chavera, I. Muñoz, D. Cifuentes, Patricio Muñoz-Torres
The Region of Arica and Parinacota is characterized as an agricultural region located in Atacama Desert at the extreme north of Chile. Its agriculture has allow developing the economy of pre-and post-Hispanic communities, which have been settled since colonial times at different locations in the region. This article is focused on how Aymara communities of Lluta Valley and Precordillera of Arica and Parinacota Region have been included as part of Chilean population, particularly, from social and economic point of view. Furthermore, a characterization of agronomic aspects of the main towns of this zone, and commercialization of agricultural and livestock is included. It must be considered that the evolution of this region would have an important impact in the safeguard on endemic flora and fauna so that it is imperative to protect the genetic heritage of local species and to promote new technologies which allow the production of commercial products from Arica and Parinacota Region.
{"title":"Agricultural activities and economic projections of Aymara communities in the Lluta river basin and Precordillera of the Arica and Parinacota Region","authors":"G. Sepúlveda-Chavera, I. Muñoz, D. Cifuentes, Patricio Muñoz-Torres","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000300103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000300103","url":null,"abstract":"The Region of Arica and Parinacota is characterized as an agricultural region located in Atacama Desert at the extreme north of Chile. Its agriculture has allow developing the economy of pre-and post-Hispanic communities, which have been settled since colonial times at different locations in the region. This article is focused on how Aymara communities of Lluta Valley and Precordillera of Arica and Parinacota Region have been included as part of Chilean population, particularly, from social and economic point of view. Furthermore, a characterization of agronomic aspects of the main towns of this zone, and commercialization of agricultural and livestock is included. It must be considered that the evolution of this region would have an important impact in the safeguard on endemic flora and fauna so that it is imperative to protect the genetic heritage of local species and to promote new technologies which allow the production of commercial products from Arica and Parinacota Region.","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77241954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000300007
Elton Tafur, Jaris Veneros, L. García, Ó. Gamarra, José D. Farje, M. Santistevan
{"title":"Técnicas no destructivas para la estimación de la biomasa forestal aérea","authors":"Elton Tafur, Jaris Veneros, L. García, Ó. Gamarra, José D. Farje, M. Santistevan","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000300007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000300007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"53 52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82326157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-34292022000200027
Marcelo Lanino Alar, Ingrid Poblete Quezada
The Canchones Experimental Station, in the Tarapacá region, is located 90 km SE of Iquique and 960 meters above sea level, located in the driest desert in the world. The climatic antecedents available for this area date back to the period 1942-1949, recorded by the German citizen Enrique Froehlich. Since 1995, the Arturo Prat University has carried out a systematization of the climatic information, obtained with an automated meteorological station, which has allowed us to currently have historical records of 25 years. The results of these analyzes indicate that the average temperature for this period is 18.6 ºC and the minimum 8.2 ºC. The absolute maximum temperatures are above 34 ºC throughout the year and the absolute minimums are below 5 ºC, dropping to –8.6 ºC, presenting a risk of frost that extends from April to November. The average relative humidity of the air is 35.6%. During the winter period, the accumulated chilling hours are 1,273.1 and 102.1 positive chilling units. The maximum radiation occurs in November with 26.6 MJ day-1. Average annual rainfall is 1.1 mm year –1 . The ecosystem of the Pampa del Tamarugal has presented an increase in the average temperature, being less than 2 ºC. The average relative humidity is low. The low accumulation of UFP, denotes the warm winter condition. The average annual precipitation, although it has increased, its occurrence is sporadic, with years in which there is no precipitation. These conditions characterize the driest desert in the
坎彻内斯实验站位于塔拉帕ac地区，位于伊基克东南90公里处，海拔960米，位于世界上最干燥的沙漠中。德国公民Enrique Froehlich记录了该地区可追溯至1942-1949年的气候条件。自1995年以来，Arturo Prat大学对一个自动化气象站获得的气候信息进行了系统化，这使我们目前拥有25年的历史记录。分析结果表明，这一时期的平均气温为18.6℃，最低气温为8.2℃。全年的绝对最高温度在34摄氏度以上，绝对最低温度在5摄氏度以下，降至-8.6摄氏度，从4月到11月都有霜冻的危险。空气的平均相对湿度为35.6%。冬季累计冷时分别为1273.1和102.1正冷单位。辐射最大值出现在11月，为26.6 MJ day-1。年平均降雨量为1.1毫米。塔马鲁加尔Pampa del Tamarugal生态系统的平均温度呈上升趋势，低于2ºC。平均相对湿度低。UFP积累量低，说明冬季暖冬条件。年平均降水量虽有所增加，但呈零星分布，有无降水的年份。这是世界上最干燥的沙漠
{"title":"Antecedentes climáticos históricos de la Estación Experimental Canchones, Pampa del Tamarugal: herramienta para la toma de decisiones en agricultura del desierto","authors":"Marcelo Lanino Alar, Ingrid Poblete Quezada","doi":"10.4067/s0718-34292022000200027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292022000200027","url":null,"abstract":"The Canchones Experimental Station, in the Tarapacá region, is located 90 km SE of Iquique and 960 meters above sea level, located in the driest desert in the world. The climatic antecedents available for this area date back to the period 1942-1949, recorded by the German citizen Enrique Froehlich. Since 1995, the Arturo Prat University has carried out a systematization of the climatic information, obtained with an automated meteorological station, which has allowed us to currently have historical records of 25 years. The results of these analyzes indicate that the average temperature for this period is 18.6 ºC and the minimum 8.2 ºC. The absolute maximum temperatures are above 34 ºC throughout the year and the absolute minimums are below 5 ºC, dropping to –8.6 ºC, presenting a risk of frost that extends from April to November. The average relative humidity of the air is 35.6%. During the winter period, the accumulated chilling hours are 1,273.1 and 102.1 positive chilling units. The maximum radiation occurs in November with 26.6 MJ day-1. Average annual rainfall is 1.1 mm year –1 . The ecosystem of the Pampa del Tamarugal has presented an increase in the average temperature, being less than 2 ºC. The average relative humidity is low. The low accumulation of UFP, denotes the warm winter condition. The average annual precipitation, although it has increased, its occurrence is sporadic, with years in which there is no precipitation. These conditions characterize the driest desert in the","PeriodicalId":13209,"journal":{"name":"Idesia (Arica)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88516353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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