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HIV, measles, and syphilis: histopathologic characteristics of lymphatic system involvement of three reemerging infectious diseases. HIV、麻疹和梅毒:三种复发性传染病淋巴系统累及的组织病理学特征。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1111/his.15408
Aaron Auerbach, John J Schmieg, Mary Klassen, Ann Nelson, Nadine S Aguilera

The resurgence of measles, syphilis, and HIV presents a significant threat to global health, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. These three infections involve lymph nodes and have unique pathologic findings in lymph nodes. We explore the pathological and clinical characteristics of these infections, focusing on their involvement of lymph nodes and their pathologic diagnosis in lymph node specimens. For HIV, lymph nodes are sites of viral replication and reservoirs, and the disease demonstrates multiple patterns within lymph nodes. The recent increase in measles, due in part to declining vaccination rates, signals the need for pathologists to be able to identify the characteristic Warthin-Finkeldey cells present in lymph node specimens. Syphilis, a reemerging sexually transmitted infection, often presents with lymphadenopathy and can mimic other conditions, complicating clinical diagnosis. By revisiting well-established findings and presenting new insights into the histopathological changes within lymphoid tissues, this review provides essential knowledge for pathologists and clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

麻疹、梅毒和艾滋病毒的死灰复燃对全球健康构成重大威胁,特别是在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后。这三种感染涉及淋巴结,在淋巴结有独特的病理表现。我们探讨这些感染的病理和临床特点,重点是淋巴结的参与和淋巴结标本的病理诊断。对于艾滋病毒来说,淋巴结是病毒复制和储存的场所,这种疾病在淋巴结内表现出多种模式。最近麻疹病例的增加,部分原因是疫苗接种率下降,这表明病理学家需要能够识别淋巴结标本中存在的特征性Warthin-Finkeldey细胞。梅毒是一种再次出现的性传播感染,通常表现为淋巴结病,并可模仿其他疾病,使临床诊断复杂化。通过回顾已有的发现,并对淋巴组织内的组织病理学变化提出新的见解,本综述为病理学家和临床医生提高诊断准确性和治疗效果提供了必要的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of claudin-18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis from a German tertiary centre claudin-18.2在胆管癌中的表达:来自德国三级中心的全面免疫组织化学分析。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1111/his.15407
Maximilian N Kinzler, Steffen Gretser, Falko Schulze, Katrin Bankov, Nada Abedin, Wolf O Bechstein, Fabian Finkelmeier, Stefan Zeuzem, Henning Reis, Peter J. Wild, Dirk Walter

Aims

Anti-claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) therapy was recently approved for the treatment of gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to determine whether there is a subgroup of patients who might also benefit from anti-CLDN18.2 therapy.

Methods and results

A tissue microarray (TMA) cohort of all CCA patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent between August 2005 and December 2021 at University Hospital Frankfurt were immunohistochemically evaluated using the VENTANA® CLDN18 (43-14A) antibody. Tumour positivity for CLDN18.2 was determined as follows: ≥ 75% of tumour cells with moderate-to-strong CLDN18 membranous staining. In total, 160 patients with surgically resected CCA were suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Of the patients, 13.1% (n = 21) showed moderate to strong membranous staining of VENTANA® CLDN18 antibody, while 86.9% (n = 139) were negative. Subtype analysis revealed strong differences in CLDN18 expression. Positive staining of CLDN18 could be observed in 26.5% (n = nine of 34) and 7.4% (n = seven of 95) of the perihilar (pCCA) and intrahepatic (iCCA) subgroup, respectively. CCA patients with CLDN18 expression had a more frequently intraoperative finding of distant metastasis (P = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008) and positive perineural invasion (Pn1) status (P = 0.022).

Conclusions

The present study suggests that a subset of patients with CCA exhibited a marked expression of CLDN18.2. These findings underline the need to perform a clinical study evaluating the efficacy of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy in patients suffering from CCA.

目的:抗CLDN18.2 (CLDN18.2)疗法最近被批准用于治疗胃或胃-食管交界处腺癌。本研究的目的是研究CLDN18.2在胆管癌(CCA)中的表达,以确定是否存在一个亚组患者也可能从抗CLDN18.2治疗中获益。方法和结果:2005年8月至2021年12月在法兰克福大学医院接受手术切除的所有CCA患者的组织微阵列(TMA)队列使用VENTANA®CLDN18 (43-14A)抗体进行免疫组织化学评估。CLDN18.2的肿瘤阳性确定如下:≥75%的肿瘤细胞具有中至强CLDN18膜染色。总共有160例手术切除的CCA患者适合进行免疫组织化学(IHC)分析。13.1% (n = 21)的患者显示VENTANA®CLDN18抗体中至强膜性染色,86.9% (n = 139)的患者呈阴性。亚型分析显示CLDN18表达存在明显差异。肝门周(pCCA)亚组和肝内(iCCA)亚组CLDN18阳性分别为26.5% (n = 9 / 34)和7.4% (n = 7 / 95)。CLDN18表达的CCA患者术中发现远端转移(P = 0.002)、淋巴结转移(P = 0.008)和周围神经浸润(Pn1)阳性(P = 0.022)的频率更高。结论:目前的研究表明,一部分CCA患者表现出明显的CLDN18.2表达。这些发现强调需要进行临床研究,评估抗cldn18.2治疗对CCA患者的疗效。
{"title":"Expression of claudin-18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis from a German tertiary centre","authors":"Maximilian N Kinzler,&nbsp;Steffen Gretser,&nbsp;Falko Schulze,&nbsp;Katrin Bankov,&nbsp;Nada Abedin,&nbsp;Wolf O Bechstein,&nbsp;Fabian Finkelmeier,&nbsp;Stefan Zeuzem,&nbsp;Henning Reis,&nbsp;Peter J. Wild,&nbsp;Dirk Walter","doi":"10.1111/his.15407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/his.15407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) therapy was recently approved for the treatment of gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to determine whether there is a subgroup of patients who might also benefit from anti-CLDN18.2 therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A tissue microarray (TMA) cohort of all CCA patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent between August 2005 and December 2021 at University Hospital Frankfurt were immunohistochemically evaluated using the VENTANA<sup>®</sup> CLDN18 (43-14A) antibody. Tumour positivity for CLDN18.2 was determined as follows: ≥ 75% of tumour cells with moderate-to-strong CLDN18 membranous staining. In total, 160 patients with surgically resected CCA were suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Of the patients, 13.1% (<i>n</i> = 21) showed moderate to strong membranous staining of VENTANA<sup>®</sup> CLDN18 antibody, while 86.9% (<i>n</i> = 139) were negative. Subtype analysis revealed strong differences in CLDN18 expression. Positive staining of CLDN18 could be observed in 26.5% (<i>n</i> = nine of 34) and 7.4% (<i>n</i> = seven of 95) of the perihilar (pCCA) and intrahepatic (iCCA) subgroup, respectively. CCA patients with CLDN18 expression had a more frequently intraoperative finding of distant metastasis (<i>P</i> = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (<i>P</i> = 0.008) and positive perineural invasion (Pn1) status (<i>P</i> = 0.022).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study suggests that a subset of patients with CCA exhibited a marked expression of CLDN18.2. These findings underline the need to perform a clinical study evaluating the efficacy of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy in patients suffering from CCA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":"86 4","pages":"640-646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/his.15407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnostic interobserver variability of atypia assessment in columnar cell lesions among a group of expert breast pathologists in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, on behalf of the UK national coordinating committee for breast pathology. 英国和爱尔兰共和国的一组乳腺病理学专家代表英国国家乳腺病理学协调委员会对柱状细胞病变非典型性评估的诊断观察者间可变性进行了研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/his.15402
Soha El Sheikh, Mohamed A Mansour, Elena Provenzano, Abeer Shaaban, Andrew Lee, Yasmeen Mir, Rebecca McMillan-Slater, Pauline Carder, Silvana Di Palma, Clinton Boyd, Purnima Makhija, Madhuri Warren, Susan Pritchard, Rahul Deb, Ian Ellis, Emad Rakha, Cecily Quinn, Sarah Pinder

Aims: Atypical ductal hyperplasia and flat epithelial atypia (FEA) have defined diagnostic criteria, yet there is variation in the interpretation of these criteria, particularly when the atypia is present in a background of columnar cell lesions (CCLs). This study focuses upon cases which are especially challenging or difficult to classify reproducibly according to existing criteria.

Methods and results: Thirteen breast pathology experts were asked to classify 10 challenging cases with CLLs as atypical or non-atypical. Interobserver agreement was calculated. After two consensus meetings, which explored the morphological features underlying the decision, the cases were reassessed. Finally, a photomontage was compiled as a visual aid for practising pathologists representing a range of straightforward cases and others where subjective interpretation causes disagreement within current diagnostic criteria. Overall interobserver agreement and pairwise pathologist agreement coefficients were both in the fair range (κ = 0.22 and κ = 0.3-0.4, respectively). This improved to moderate or substantial agreement (κ = 0.6-0.8) after two consensus meetings. The most controversial cases were atypical cases that lacked the regular rounded nuclei of FEA, and non-atypical cases that had florid architectural changes bordering on architectural atypia.

Conclusion: Among expert breast pathologists, interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of atypia in CCLs was higher in cases with classical features of FEA. Consensus was difficult to achieve if nuclear or architectural atypia fell outside the classical definition of FEA, suggesting that this category does not encompass the range of low-grade cytological atypia in CLLs. This study provides rationale for expanding the definition of atypia in CCLs other than FEA.

目的:非典型导管增生和扁平上皮异型性(FEA)有明确的诊断标准,但对这些标准的解释存在差异,特别是当异型性出现在柱状细胞病变(CCLs)背景时。本研究的重点是那些特别具有挑战性或难以根据现有标准进行可重复性分类的病例。方法和结果:13名乳腺病理学专家被要求将10例具有挑战性的cll分为非典型或非典型。计算了观察员间的一致意见。经过两次协商一致的会议,探讨了决定背后的形态学特征,重新评估了这些病例。最后,编制了一个蒙太奇,作为执业病理学家的视觉辅助,代表了一系列简单的病例和其他主观解释导致当前诊断标准不一致的病例。整体观察者间一致性和病理一致性系数均在合理范围内(κ = 0.22和κ = 0.3-0.4)。在两次共识会议后,这一结果改善为中度或实质性一致(κ = 0.6-0.8)。最具争议的病例是缺乏规则圆形FEA核的非典型病例,以及具有接近非典型建筑的华丽建筑变化的非典型病例。结论:在乳腺病理学专家中,具有典型FEA特征的ccl非典型性诊断一致性较高。如果核非典型性或建筑非典型性超出FEA的经典定义,则很难达成共识,这表明这一类别不包括cll中低级别细胞学非典型性的范围。本研究为扩展FEA以外的ccl非典型性定义提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumours with lipomatous and cartilaginous differentiation: A diagnostic pitfall. 骨化纤维黏液样肿瘤伴脂肪瘤和软骨分化:一个诊断缺陷。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/his.15396
Natálie Klubíčková, Steven Billings, Josephine K T Dermawan, Jeremy F Molligan, Karen Fritchie

Aims: Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm predominantly affecting adults characterised by a multinodular growth pattern and the presence of a fibrous pseudocapsule with areas of ossification. Prompted by the recognition of a non-ossifying ossifying fibromyxoid tumour with lipomatous differentiation which caused diagnostic difficulty, we sought to further explore cases of ossifying fibromyxoid tumour with non-osseous heterologous elements.

Methods and results: A search of our institutional and consultation archives revealed three additional cases that demonstrated lipomatous components and two cases with cartilaginous differentiation. RNA-sequencing revealed fusions involving PHF1 (n = 4) or EPC1 (n = 1) in all (five of five) cases tested, including EPC1::PHC1 and JAZF1::PHF1 fusions, which have not been reported before in ossifying fibromyxoid tumour.

Conclusion: These six cases expand the histomorphological spectrum of ossifying fibromyxoid tumour, introducing lipomatous differentiation as a hitherto undocumented feature. Awareness of these rare variants will ensure appropriate diagnosis and clinical management.

目的:骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤是一种罕见的间质肿瘤,主要影响成人,其特征是多结节生长模式和纤维假包膜的存在,并伴有骨化区。由于认识到非骨化性骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤伴脂肪瘤分化,导致诊断困难,我们寻求进一步探讨骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤伴非骨性异源元素的病例。方法和结果:对我们的机构和咨询档案进行了搜索,发现了另外3例脂肪瘤成分和2例软骨分化。rna测序显示,在所有(5例中的5例)检测的病例中,均有涉及PHF1 (n = 4)或EPC1 (n = 1)的融合,包括EPC1::PHC1和JAZF1::PHF1融合,这些融合在骨化纤维黏液样肿瘤中未见报道。结论:这6例扩大了骨化纤维黏液样瘤的组织形态学谱,引入了脂肪瘤分化作为一个迄今未记载的特征。了解这些罕见的变异将确保适当的诊断和临床管理。
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引用次数: 0
Correspondence response to: can patient ancestry influence molecular classifications in myeloid neoplasms? 患者血统是否会影响髓系肿瘤的分子分类?
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/his.15403
Gregor Hoermann, Yuri Fedoriw, Joseph D Khoury
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引用次数: 0
CD23 expression in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: Clinical-pathological and biological correlations. CD23在淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤中的表达:临床病理和生物学相关性
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/his.15401
Marco Pizzi, Nicolò Danesin, Federico Scarmozzino, Martina Pinto, Greta Scapinello, Luisa Santoro, Irene Bertozzi, Gaetano Paride Arcidiacono, Valentina Trimarco, Andrea Visentin, Livio Trentin, Francesco Piazza, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos

Aims: The diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) in the bone marrow (BM) is challenged by aberrant phenotypes and by overlapping histological features with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). To address these issues, we (i) assessed LPL immunophenotype on a large series of BM samples, (ii) drew possible correlations between LPL phenotype and clinical/molecular data and (iii) investigated the role of new phenotypical markers in the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.

Materials and methods: The study retrospectively considered 81 clinically annotated LPL diagnosed at Padua University Hospital (Padua, Italy) during a 5-year period. BM findings were correlated with clinical laboratory findings and with MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status. The obtained results were compared with a series of 77 MZL in the BM, including 46 splenic MZL (SMZL), 14 nodal MZL (NMZL) and 17 extra-nodal MZL (EMZL).

Results: The LPL cohort included 52 males and 29 females (median age at diagnosis = 71 years). Aberrant CD10 and CD5 positivity was documented in 3 of 81 (3.7%) and 13 of 81 (16.1%) cases, respectively. CD23 positivity occurred in 56 of 81 (69.1%) cases, being usually partial/focal. CD23 expression did not correlate with any specific clinical-pathological parameter. Comparison with SMZL, NMZL and EMZL highlighted less frequent splenomegaly, higher serum paraprotein, higher CD23 expression and fewer follicular dendritic cell networks in LPL. A combined clinical-pathological score supported the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL of any type. The highest diagnostic yield was obtained for the differential diagnosis between LPL and SMZL.

Conclusions: Partial positivity for CD23 is a common feature of LPL in the BM. Together with other clinical and histological parameters, CD23 expression supports the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.

目的:骨髓淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤(LPL)的诊断受到异常表型和与边缘带淋巴瘤(MZL)重叠的组织学特征的挑战。为了解决这些问题,我们(i)在大量BM样本上评估了LPL的免疫表型,(ii)得出了LPL表型与临床/分子数据之间可能的相关性,(iii)研究了新的表型标记物在LPL和MZL鉴别诊断中的作用。材料和方法:本研究回顾性分析了帕多瓦大学医院(Padua, Italy) 5年期间诊断的81例临床注释的LPL。BM结果与临床实验室结果以及MYD88和CXCR4突变状态相关。将所得结果与BM的77例MZL进行比较,其中脾MZL 46例,淋巴结MZL 14例,淋巴结外MZL 17例。结果:LPL队列包括52名男性和29名女性(诊断时的中位年龄= 71岁)。81例患者中CD10和CD5异常阳性分别为3例(3.7%)和13例(16.1%)。81例病例中有56例(69.1%)出现CD23阳性,通常为部分/局灶性阳性。CD23的表达与任何特定的临床病理参数无关。与SMZL相比,NMZL和EMZL的脾肿大发生率较低,血清副蛋白含量较高,CD23表达较高,滤泡树突状细胞网络较少。临床病理综合评分支持LPL和任何类型MZL的鉴别诊断。鉴别诊断LPL和SMZL的诊断率最高。结论:CD23部分阳性是BM中LPL的共同特征。结合其他临床和组织学参数,CD23表达支持LPL和MZL的鉴别诊断。
{"title":"CD23 expression in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: Clinical-pathological and biological correlations.","authors":"Marco Pizzi, Nicolò Danesin, Federico Scarmozzino, Martina Pinto, Greta Scapinello, Luisa Santoro, Irene Bertozzi, Gaetano Paride Arcidiacono, Valentina Trimarco, Andrea Visentin, Livio Trentin, Francesco Piazza, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos","doi":"10.1111/his.15401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) in the bone marrow (BM) is challenged by aberrant phenotypes and by overlapping histological features with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). To address these issues, we (i) assessed LPL immunophenotype on a large series of BM samples, (ii) drew possible correlations between LPL phenotype and clinical/molecular data and (iii) investigated the role of new phenotypical markers in the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study retrospectively considered 81 clinically annotated LPL diagnosed at Padua University Hospital (Padua, Italy) during a 5-year period. BM findings were correlated with clinical laboratory findings and with MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status. The obtained results were compared with a series of 77 MZL in the BM, including 46 splenic MZL (SMZL), 14 nodal MZL (NMZL) and 17 extra-nodal MZL (EMZL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LPL cohort included 52 males and 29 females (median age at diagnosis = 71 years). Aberrant CD10 and CD5 positivity was documented in 3 of 81 (3.7%) and 13 of 81 (16.1%) cases, respectively. CD23 positivity occurred in 56 of 81 (69.1%) cases, being usually partial/focal. CD23 expression did not correlate with any specific clinical-pathological parameter. Comparison with SMZL, NMZL and EMZL highlighted less frequent splenomegaly, higher serum paraprotein, higher CD23 expression and fewer follicular dendritic cell networks in LPL. A combined clinical-pathological score supported the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL of any type. The highest diagnostic yield was obtained for the differential diagnosis between LPL and SMZL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Partial positivity for CD23 is a common feature of LPL in the BM. Together with other clinical and histological parameters, CD23 expression supports the differential diagnosis between LPL and MZL.</p>","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advancements in biomarkers and molecular diagnostics in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer. 激素受体阳性乳腺癌的生物标志物和分子诊断研究进展。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/his.15395
Yihong Wang, Liu Liu, Stephanie L Graff, Liang Cheng

Molecular applications have limited use in breast cancer compared to other cancer types. In recent years, with an improving appreciation of the molecular genetics of breast cancer and innovative novel targeted and immune-mediated therapeutics, opportunities have arisen for more biomarker analysis and molecular applications in the diagnosis and treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers. In hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers, a growing number of revolutionized personalized therapies are in clinical use or on trials, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, and PIK3CA inhibitors in metastatic disease. In this review, we focus on biomarkers associated with those new therapeutic targets and molecular applications for genetic alterations associated with drug resistance or interaction from a pathology perspective for selecting and optimizing breast cancer treatment.

与其他类型的癌症相比,分子应用在乳腺癌中的应用有限。近年来,随着人们对乳腺癌分子遗传学认识的提高,以及新型靶向和免疫介导治疗的创新,在局部晚期和转移性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗中出现了更多生物标志物分析和分子应用的机会。在激素受体阳性、her2阴性的乳腺癌中,越来越多的革命性个性化治疗正在临床使用或试验中,例如CDK4/6抑制剂和免疫检查点抑制剂用于辅助和新辅助治疗,以及PIK3CA抑制剂用于转移性疾病。在本文中,我们将重点从病理学角度探讨与这些新的治疗靶点相关的生物标志物以及与耐药或相互作用相关的遗传改变的分子应用,以选择和优化乳腺癌治疗方案。
{"title":"Recent advancements in biomarkers and molecular diagnostics in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer.","authors":"Yihong Wang, Liu Liu, Stephanie L Graff, Liang Cheng","doi":"10.1111/his.15395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular applications have limited use in breast cancer compared to other cancer types. In recent years, with an improving appreciation of the molecular genetics of breast cancer and innovative novel targeted and immune-mediated therapeutics, opportunities have arisen for more biomarker analysis and molecular applications in the diagnosis and treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers. In hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers, a growing number of revolutionized personalized therapies are in clinical use or on trials, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, and PIK3CA inhibitors in metastatic disease. In this review, we focus on biomarkers associated with those new therapeutic targets and molecular applications for genetic alterations associated with drug resistance or interaction from a pathology perspective for selecting and optimizing breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intranodal thyroid inclusions revisited: a morphological analysis and application of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry. 甲状腺结内包涵体重新审视:形态学分析和BRAF VE1免疫组织化学的应用。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/his.15394
Yu-Che Chuang, Ying-Ju Kuo, Jen-Fan Hang

Aims: The diagnosis of intranodal thyroid inclusions (ITIs) is controversial. We aim to investigate their clinicopathologic features and utilize immunohistochemistry (IHC) to support the diagnosis.

Methods and results: Forty-one cases of incidentally found ITIs between 2019 and 2023 were categorized into three groups, namely, Group A: thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with regional lymph node dissection (n = 33), Group B: thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid disease with incidental perithyroid lymph node sampling (n = 4), and Group C: surgery due to other head and neck cancers with lateral neck lymph node dissection (n = 4). The overall incidence of ITIs was 4.17% (33/792) in Group A and 0.76% (4/524) in Group C. All ITIs sufficient for study were negative for BRAF VE1 IHC. HBME-1 and galectin-3 IHC were also negative in all analysed cases. Although various degrees of nuclear changes were present in ITIs, classical PTC nuclear features, i.e. pseudoinclusions, nuclear grooves, and chromatin alterations, were less commonly seen (0%, 29.3%, and 51.2%, respectively) than in metastatic PTC (90%, 95%, and 95%, respectively) (all P < 0.001). Interestingly, 77.3% (17/22) of cases with lymph node metastasis in Group A had coexistence of ITIs and metastasis in the same lymph node. During follow-up, two cases in Group A had PTC recurrence without accompanying ITIs, while none in Group B or C had recurrent thyroid lesions.

Conclusion: We propose key diagnostic features for ITIs incorporating morphology and BRAF VE1, HBME-1, and galectin-3 IHC. The distinction between ITIs and metastatic PTC can be clinically relevant.

目的:结内甲状腺包涵体(ITIs)的诊断存在争议。我们的目的是研究他们的临床病理特征,并利用免疫组织化学(IHC)来支持诊断。方法与结果:将2019 - 2023年意外发现的41例ti患者分为3组:A组:因甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)行甲状腺切除术合并局部淋巴结清扫(n = 33); B组:因良性甲状腺疾病行甲状腺切除术合并甲状腺周围淋巴结清扫(n = 4); C组:因其他头颈部肿瘤行手术合并颈外侧淋巴结清扫(n = 4)。A组的总发病率为4.17% (33/792),c组的总发病率为0.76%(4/524)。所有足以研究的ITIs均为BRAF VE1 IHC阴性。所有分析病例HBME-1和半凝集素-3 IHC均为阴性。尽管ITIs中存在不同程度的核改变,但典型的PTC核特征,即假包涵体、核沟和染色质改变的发生率(分别为0%、29.3%和51.2%)低于转移性PTC(分别为90%、95%和95%)(所有P结论:我们提出了包括形态学和BRAF VE1、HBME-1和半凝集素-3 IHC的关键诊断特征。炎和转移性PTC之间的区别具有临床意义。
{"title":"Intranodal thyroid inclusions revisited: a morphological analysis and application of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry.","authors":"Yu-Che Chuang, Ying-Ju Kuo, Jen-Fan Hang","doi":"10.1111/his.15394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The diagnosis of intranodal thyroid inclusions (ITIs) is controversial. We aim to investigate their clinicopathologic features and utilize immunohistochemistry (IHC) to support the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Forty-one cases of incidentally found ITIs between 2019 and 2023 were categorized into three groups, namely, Group A: thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with regional lymph node dissection (n = 33), Group B: thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid disease with incidental perithyroid lymph node sampling (n = 4), and Group C: surgery due to other head and neck cancers with lateral neck lymph node dissection (n = 4). The overall incidence of ITIs was 4.17% (33/792) in Group A and 0.76% (4/524) in Group C. All ITIs sufficient for study were negative for BRAF VE1 IHC. HBME-1 and galectin-3 IHC were also negative in all analysed cases. Although various degrees of nuclear changes were present in ITIs, classical PTC nuclear features, i.e. pseudoinclusions, nuclear grooves, and chromatin alterations, were less commonly seen (0%, 29.3%, and 51.2%, respectively) than in metastatic PTC (90%, 95%, and 95%, respectively) (all P < 0.001). Interestingly, 77.3% (17/22) of cases with lymph node metastasis in Group A had coexistence of ITIs and metastasis in the same lymph node. During follow-up, two cases in Group A had PTC recurrence without accompanying ITIs, while none in Group B or C had recurrent thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We propose key diagnostic features for ITIs incorporating morphology and BRAF VE1, HBME-1, and galectin-3 IHC. The distinction between ITIs and metastatic PTC can be clinically relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The changing landscape of liver transplantation and the role of histopathology 肝移植的变化和组织病理学的作用。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/his.15397
Alastair D Burt, Dina G Tiniakos
{"title":"The changing landscape of liver transplantation and the role of histopathology","authors":"Alastair D Burt,&nbsp;Dina G Tiniakos","doi":"10.1111/his.15397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/his.15397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":"86 4","pages":"514-515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A head-to-head comparison of four grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia. 口腔上皮发育不良的四种分级系统的正面比较。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/his.15400
Paul Hankinson, Mollie Clark, Hannah Walsh, Syed Ali Khurram

Aims: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) carries a risk of malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical risk stratification for these patients is challenging, and reliant upon histological grading. The World Health Organisation (WHO) grading system is the current gold standard, although the binary system, two- and six-point prognostic models have also been proposed. This study assesses the interobserver agreement and malignant transformation outcomes for these four grading systems.

Methods and results: Up to 5 years of outcome data were collected for this retrospective cohort of 137 patients. Archived slides were reviewed by three pathologists, and grades for the WHO, binary, two- and six-point systems were assigned. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Light's kappa coefficient. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess the correlation of each grading system with malignant transformation. The WHO, binary, two- and six-point systems had kappa coefficients of 0.42, 0.31, 0.17 and 0.41, respectively. All grading systems stratified lesions by malignant transformation risk, except the two-point model. Moderate OED (WHO) did not show an increased risk of malignant transformation, while severe OED had a hazard ratio (HR) of 13.7 (P = 0.02). The high-risk category for the binary and six-point systems had HRs of 4.67 (P = 0.03) and 5.28 (P = 0.03), respectively.

Conclusions: The interobserver agreement of the WHO, binary and six-point systems is comparable. The six-point and binary systems provided the most useful risk stratification. This study highlights the potential value of the six-point prognostic model for OED grading, which has comparable performance with the current gold standard.

目的:口腔上皮发育不良(OED)具有恶性转化为口腔鳞状细胞癌的风险。这些患者的临床风险分层具有挑战性,并且依赖于组织学分级。世界卫生组织(WHO)的分级系统是目前的黄金标准,尽管二元系统、两点和六点预后模型也被提出。本研究评估了这四种分级系统的观察者间协议和恶性转化结果。方法和结果:收集了137例患者长达5年的回顾性队列结果数据。存档的幻灯片由三名病理学家审阅,并按世界卫生组织、二分制、二分制和六分制划分了等级。观测者间的一致性用Light的kappa系数来评估。采用Kaplan-Meier和Cox回归生存分析评估各分级系统与恶性转化的相关性。WHO、二分制、二分制和六分制的kappa系数分别为0.42、0.31、0.17和0.41。除两点模型外,所有分级系统均按恶性转化风险对病变进行分层。中度OED (WHO)未显示出恶性转化的风险增加,而重度OED的风险比(HR)为13.7 (P = 0.02)。二分制和六分制的高危类别的hr分别为4.67 (P = 0.03)和5.28 (P = 0.03)。结论:世界卫生组织、二分制和六分制的观察员间协议具有可比性。六点和二元系统提供了最有用的风险分层。这项研究强调了OED评分的六点预测模型的潜在价值,该模型与目前的黄金标准具有可比性。
{"title":"A head-to-head comparison of four grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia.","authors":"Paul Hankinson, Mollie Clark, Hannah Walsh, Syed Ali Khurram","doi":"10.1111/his.15400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) carries a risk of malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical risk stratification for these patients is challenging, and reliant upon histological grading. The World Health Organisation (WHO) grading system is the current gold standard, although the binary system, two- and six-point prognostic models have also been proposed. This study assesses the interobserver agreement and malignant transformation outcomes for these four grading systems.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Up to 5 years of outcome data were collected for this retrospective cohort of 137 patients. Archived slides were reviewed by three pathologists, and grades for the WHO, binary, two- and six-point systems were assigned. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Light's kappa coefficient. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess the correlation of each grading system with malignant transformation. The WHO, binary, two- and six-point systems had kappa coefficients of 0.42, 0.31, 0.17 and 0.41, respectively. All grading systems stratified lesions by malignant transformation risk, except the two-point model. Moderate OED (WHO) did not show an increased risk of malignant transformation, while severe OED had a hazard ratio (HR) of 13.7 (P = 0.02). The high-risk category for the binary and six-point systems had HRs of 4.67 (P = 0.03) and 5.28 (P = 0.03), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The interobserver agreement of the WHO, binary and six-point systems is comparable. The six-point and binary systems provided the most useful risk stratification. This study highlights the potential value of the six-point prognostic model for OED grading, which has comparable performance with the current gold standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":13219,"journal":{"name":"Histopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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