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Uninterruptible IMS: Maintaining Users Access During Faults in Virtualized IP Multimedia Subsystem 不间断IMS:虚拟IP多媒体子系统故障时用户接入维护
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999686
M. T. Raza, Songwu Lu
Network function virtualization (NFV) of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) pose promise to service increasing multimedia traffic demand. In this paper, we show that virtualized IMS (vIMS) is unable to provide session-level resilience under faults and becomes the bottleneck to high service availability. We propose a design to provide fault-tolerance for vIMS operations. In control-plane, our system decomposes single IMS operation into different atomic actions, and partition these actions into critical and non-critical actions. Only the critical actions are then monitored in real time and the system can easily resume IMS operations after failure. In data-plane, we decompose multimedia traffic flows and partition each multimedia service as a separate Virtualized Network Function (VNF). Through data-plane partitioning, our design restricts the damage from faults to only failed VNF. Thereafter, impacted service flow is merged with other ongoing service flows. We build our system prototype of open source IMS over virtualized platform. Our results show that we can achieve session-level resilience by performing fail-over procedure within tens of milliseconds under different combinations of IMS failures in both control-plane and data-plane operations.
IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的网络功能虚拟化(NFV)为满足日益增长的多媒体流量需求提供了广阔的前景。在本文中,我们证明了虚拟化IMS (vIMS)在故障情况下无法提供会话级的弹性,成为实现高服务可用性的瓶颈。我们提出了一种为vIMS操作提供容错的设计。在控制平面上,系统将单个IMS操作分解为不同的原子动作,并将这些动作划分为关键和非关键动作。只有对关键操作进行实时监控,系统可以在故障后轻松恢复IMS操作。在数据平面上,对多媒体业务流进行分解,并将各多媒体业务划分为单独的VNF (virtual Network Function)。通过数据平面分区,我们的设计将故障的损害限制在仅失效的VNF上。之后,受影响的业务流将与其他正在进行的业务流合并。我们在虚拟化平台上构建了开源IMS的系统原型。我们的结果表明,在控制平面和数据平面操作的不同IMS故障组合下,我们可以在几十毫秒内执行故障转移过程,从而实现会话级弹性。
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引用次数: 0
Edge Cloud-Enabled Radio Resource Management for Co-Operative Automated Driving 支持边缘云的无线电资源管理,用于协作式自动驾驶
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986870
Prajwal Keshavamurthy, E. Pateromichelakis, D. Dahlhaus, Chan Zhou
Co-operative automated driving (CAD) is a key fifth generation mobile networks (5G) use case in which autonomous vehicles communicate over vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links requiring a wide range of rate-reliability-delay performance. One key 5G enabler for CAD sidelink radio resource management (RRM) in a multi-operator environment is the virtualization of RRM at the cloud server. This, however, is challenging due to an increase in control plane delay, signaling overhead and complexity. This paper introduces an edge cloud-enabled end-to-end vehicle-to-everything (V2X) architecture to support sidelink RRM in CAD scenarios. Analyzing the problem of a cloud-based sidelink resource allocation for CAD, a utility-based multi-objective optimization problem is described and is translated to three tasks: 1) a vehicle cluster formation as a solution to the clique partitioning problem ensuring vehicle reachability on the control plane, 2) an inter-cluster resource block pool (RB-pool) allocation as a solution to a max-min fairness problem and 3) an intra-cluster resource allocation. The proposed solution framework aims to achieve high modularity, low complexity and decouples cluster formation and RB-pool assignment from the intra-cluster optimum resource allocation, which may be performed on different time scales at different edge cloud entities. Simulation results in a realistic vehicular deployment show significant gains in terms of sidelink throughput and delay while maintaining high link quality.
合作自动驾驶(CAD)是第五代移动网络(5G)的一个关键用例,在该用例中,自动驾驶车辆通过需要广泛速率可靠性延迟性能的车对车(V2V)链路进行通信。在多运营商环境中,CAD侧链无线电资源管理(RRM)的一个关键5G推动者是云服务器上RRM的虚拟化。然而,由于控制平面延迟、信令开销和复杂性的增加,这是具有挑战性的。本文介绍了一种支持边缘云的端到端车辆到一切(V2X)架构,以支持CAD场景中的侧链RRM。通过分析CAD中基于云的侧链资源分配问题,描述了一个基于效用的多目标优化问题,并将其转化为三个任务:1)车辆集群的形成作为确保车辆在控制平面上可达性的集团划分问题的解决方案,2)作为最大-最小公平性问题的解决方案的簇间资源块池(RB池)分配,以及3)簇内资源分配。所提出的解决方案框架旨在实现高模块性、低复杂性,并将集群形成和RB池分配与集群内最佳资源分配解耦,这可以在不同的边缘云实体的不同时间尺度上执行。实际车辆部署中的仿真结果显示,在保持高链路质量的同时,在侧链路吞吐量和延迟方面有显著的提高。
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引用次数: 4
Guest Editorial: Seventh Edition of the IEEE JSAC Series on Network Softwarization and Enablers 嘉宾评论:IEEE JSAC系列关于网络软件化和使能器的第七版
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2020.2986960
T. Taleb
5G is raising high expectations, offering new avenues for research, and paving the way to a safer and highperforming set of innovative use-cases. For use-cases related for instance to Internet of Things (IoT), self-driving vehicles, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the programming and management of the underlying network resources will be carried out in a dynamic and scalable manner. In this vein, many enabling technologies are adopted by service providers, cloud providers and enterprises, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV).
5G提高了人们的期望,为研究提供了新的途径,并为更安全、高性能的创新用例铺平了道路。对于与物联网(IoT)、自动驾驶汽车或无人机(uav)相关的用例,底层网络资源的编程和管理将以动态和可扩展的方式进行。在这种情况下,许多使能技术被服务提供商、云提供商和企业采用,例如软件定义网络(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)。
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引用次数: 0
Timber: An SDN-Based Emulation Platform for Experimental Research on Video Streaming Timber:一个基于SDN的视频流实验研究仿真平台
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999683
Arslan Ahmad, Alessandro Floris, L. Atzori
In this paper, we present an open source Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based emulation platform called Timber. We aim to provide the research community with an experimental tool for the design and evaluation of the new Quality of Experience (QoE) management and monitoring procedures for video streaming. To this aim, the main functionalities of Timber include: i) an SDN application for taking QoE-aware management decisions; ii) an SDN controller to monitor the network’s QoS (Quality of Service) and implement network management actions, such as network slicing and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) based prioritization operations; iii) a complete video streaming application including a multimedia server and a DASH-based client video player; iv) a user-end probe at the client video player to monitor QoE-related video application parameters, which are stored in a database that can be accessed by the SDN application; v) data analysis tools, which enable easy data visualization of measured QoS and QoE metrics as well as execution of statistical analysis of experimental results. In this article, we introduce and describe the main characteristics and functionalities of Timber as well as the implementation details. Finally, we provide experimental results of a video streaming scenario to demonstrate the capability of Timber to implement and test QoE-aware management approaches.
在本文中,我们提出了一个基于开源软件定义网络(SDN)的仿真平台Timber。我们的目标是为研究社区提供一个实验工具,用于设计和评估新的视频流体验质量(QoE)管理和监控程序。为此,Timber的主要功能包括:i)SDN应用程序,用于做出QoE意识管理决策;ii)SDN控制器,用于监控网络的QoS(服务质量)并实现网络管理动作,例如网络切片和基于多协议标签交换(MPLS)的优先级排序操作;iii)完整的视频流应用程序,包括多媒体服务器和基于DASH的客户端视频播放器;iv)在所述客户端视频播放器处的用户端探测器,用于监视QoE相关视频应用参数,所述QoE相关的视频应用参数存储在可由所述SDN应用访问的数据库中;v) 数据分析工具,使测量的QoS和QoE指标的数据可视化变得容易,并执行实验结果的统计分析。在本文中,我们介绍并描述了Timber的主要特性和功能以及实现细节。最后,我们提供了视频流场景的实验结果,以证明Timber实现和测试QoE感知管理方法的能力。
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引用次数: 10
Tuple Space Assisted Packet Classification With High Performance on Both Search and Update 具有高搜索和更新性能的元组空间辅助分组分类
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986935
Wenjun Li, Tong Yang, Ori Rottenstreich, Xianfeng Li, Gaogang Xie, Hui Li, Balajee Vamanan, Dagang Li, Huiping Lin
Software switches are being deployed in SDN to enable a wide spectrum of non-traditional applications. The popular Open vSwitch uses a variant of Tuple Space Search (TSS) for packet classifications. Although it has good performance on rule updates, it is less efficient than decision trees on lookups. In this paper, we propose a two-stage framework consisting of heterogeneous algorithms to adaptively exploit different characteristics of the rule sets at different scales. In the first stage, partial decision trees are constructed from several rule subsets grouped with respect to their small fields. This grouping eliminates rule replications at large scales, thereby enabling very efficient pre-cuttings. The second stage handles packet classification at small scales for non-leaf terminal nodes, where rule replications within each subspace may lead to inefficient cuttings. A salient fact is that small space means long address prefixes or less nesting levels of ranges, both indicating a very limited tuple space. To exploit this favorable property, we employ a TSS-based algorithm for these subsets following tree constructions. Experimental results show that our work has comparable update performance to TSS in Open vSwitch, while achieving almost an order-of-magnitude improvement on classification performance over TSS.
软件交换机正在SDN中部署,以实现广泛的非传统应用。流行的Open vSwitch使用元组空间搜索(TSS)的变体进行数据包分类。尽管它在规则更新方面有很好的性能,但在查找方面不如决策树高效。在本文中,我们提出了一个由异构算法组成的两阶段框架,以在不同尺度上自适应地利用规则集的不同特性。在第一阶段中,部分决策树是由根据其小字段分组的几个规则子集构建的。这种分组消除了大规模的规则复制,从而实现了非常高效的预剪切。第二阶段处理非叶终端节点的小规模分组分类,其中每个子空间内的规则复制可能导致低效的剪切。一个显著的事实是,小空间意味着长地址前缀或更少的范围嵌套级别,这两种情况都表明元组空间非常有限。为了利用这种有利的性质,我们在树构造之后对这些子集使用了基于TSS的算法。实验结果表明,我们的工作在Open vSwitch中具有与TSS相当的更新性能,同时在分类性能上比TSS提高了几乎一个数量级。
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引用次数: 18
5G Applications From Vision to Reality: Multi-Operator Orchestration 5G应用从视觉到现实:多运营商协同
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999684
B. Sonkoly, R. Szabó, Balázs Németh, János Czentye, Dávid Haja, Márk Szalay, János Dóka, B. P. Gero, Dávid Jocha, László Toka
Envisioned 5G applications and services, such as Tactile Internet, Industry 4.0 use-cases, remote control of drone swarms, pose serious challenges to the underlying networks and cloud platforms. On the one hand, evolved cloud infrastructures provide the IT basis for future applications. On the other hand, networking is in the middle of a momentous revolution and important changes are mainly driven by Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). A diverse set of cloud and network resources, controlled by different technologies and owned by cooperating or competing providers, should be coordinated and orchestrated in a novel way in order to enable future applications and fulfill application level requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel cross domain orchestration system which provides wholesale XaaS (Anything as a Service) services over multiple administrative and technology domains. Our goal is threefold. First, we design a novel orchestration system exploiting a powerful information model and propose a versatile embedding algorithm with advanced capabilities as a key enabler. The main features of the architecture include $i$ ) efficient and multi-purpose service embedding algorithms which can be implemented based on graph models, $ii$ ) inherent multi-domain support, $iii$ ) programmable aggregation of different resources, $iv$ ) information hiding together with flexible delegation of certain requirements enabling multi-operator use-cases, and $v$ ) support for legacy technologies. Second, we present our proof-of-concept prototype implementing the proposed system. Third, we establish a dedicated test environment spanning across multiple European sites encompassing sandbox environments from both operators and the academia in order to evaluate the operation of the system. Dedicated experiments confirm the feasibility and good scalability of the whole framework.
设想中的5G应用和服务,如触觉互联网、工业4.0用例、无人机群的远程控制,对底层网络和云平台构成了严重挑战。一方面,演进的云基础设施为未来的应用程序提供了IT基础。另一方面,网络正处于一场重大革命之中,重要的变革主要由网络功能虚拟化(NFV)和软件定义网络(SDN)驱动。由不同技术控制、由合作或竞争提供商拥有的一组不同的云和网络资源应该以一种新颖的方式进行协调和编排,以实现未来的应用程序并满足应用程序级别的要求。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的跨域编排系统,该系统在多个管理和技术领域提供批发XaaS(Anything as a Service)服务。我们的目标有三个。首先,我们利用强大的信息模型设计了一个新的编排系统,并提出了一种通用的嵌入算法,该算法具有先进的功能。该体系结构的主要特征包括$i$)可以基于图模型实现的高效和多用途服务嵌入算法,$ii$)固有的多域支持,$iii$)不同资源的可编程聚合,$iv$)信息隐藏以及某些需求的灵活委托,实现多运营商用例,以及$v$)对遗留技术的支持。其次,我们给出了实现所提出的系统的概念验证原型。第三,我们建立了一个横跨多个欧洲站点的专用测试环境,包括运营商和学术界的沙箱环境,以评估系统的运行情况。专门的实验验证了整个框架的可行性和良好的可扩展性。
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引用次数: 9
The Location Problem for the Provisioning of Protected Slices in NFV-Based MEC Infrastructure 基于nfv的MEC基础设施中保护片发放的定位问题
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986869
Hernani D. Chantre, Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca
The support of stringent requirements such as ultra-low latency and ultra-reliability of the forthcoming 5G services poses several challenges to telecommunications infrastructure providers. Network Function Virtualization, multi-access edge computing (MEC), and network slicing capabilities can help the support of such requirements. However, a trade-off between the cost of resource deployment and the support of service requirements needs to be taken into account in the design of NFV-based 5G networks. In this paper, we investigate the MEC location problem, which aims at selecting locations to place MECs hosting protected slices. We propose a MEC location problem enhanced with 1: 1 and $1:N$ protection schemes for the provisioning of protected slices. In the 1: 1 scheme, protection is assured by reserving a backup slice for each tenant, whereas in the $1:N$ scheme, a backup slice is shared among $N$ tenants. The problem is modeled as a multi-criteria optimization problem and solved by the employment of a multi-objective evolutionary non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. A comparison between the 1: 1 and $1:N$ protection schemes is carried out in the context of 5G network slicing. Results show that the protection scheme 1: 1 can reduce the response time, at a higher deployment cost when compared to the $1:N$ scheme.
对即将推出的5G服务的超低延迟和超可靠性等严格要求的支持给电信基础设施提供商带来了一些挑战。网络功能虚拟化、多址边缘计算(MEC)和网络切片功能可以帮助支持这些需求。然而,在设计基于NFV的5G网络时,需要考虑资源部署成本和服务需求支持之间的权衡。在本文中,我们研究了MEC定位问题,该问题旨在选择放置托管受保护切片的MEC的位置。我们提出了一个用1:1和$1:N$保护方案增强的MEC位置问题,用于提供受保护的切片。在1:1方案中,通过为每个租户保留一个备份切片来确保保护,而在$1:N$方案中,备份切片在$N$租户之间共享。该问题被建模为一个多准则优化问题,并采用多目标进化非支配排序遗传算法进行求解。在5G网络切片的背景下,对1:1和$1:N$保护方案进行了比较。结果表明,与$1:N$方案相比,保护方案1:1可以以更高的部署成本减少响应时间。
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引用次数: 29
Building and Testing Modular Programs for Programmable Data Planes 可编程数据平面模块化程序的构建和测试
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2986693
Peng Zheng, Theophilus A. Benson, Chengchen Hu
Programmable data planes, PDPs, enable an unprecedented level of flexibility and have emerged as a promising alternative to existing data planes. Despite the rapid development and prototyping cycles that PDPs promote, the existing PDP ecosystem lacks appropriate abstractions and algorithms to support these rapid testing and deployment life-cycles. In this paper, we propose P4Visor, a lightweight virtualization abstraction that provides testing primitives as a first-order citizen of the PDP ecosystem. P4Visor can efficiently support multiple PDP programs through a combination of compiler optimizations and program analysis-based algorithms. P4Visor’s algorithm improves over state-of-the-art techniques by significantly reducing the resource overheads associated with embedding numerous versions of a PDP program into hardware. To demonstrate the efficiency and viability of P4Visor, we implemented and evaluated P4Visor on both a software switch and an FPGA-based hardware switch using fourteen of different PDP programs. Our results demonstrate that P4Visor introduces minimal overheads and is one order of magnitude more efficient than existing PDPs primitives for concurrently supporting multiple programs.
可编程数据平面(PDP)实现了前所未有的灵活性,并已成为现有数据平面的一种有前途的替代方案。尽管PDP推动了快速开发和原型设计周期,但现有的PDP生态系统缺乏适当的抽象和算法来支持这些快速测试和部署生命周期。在本文中,我们提出了P4Visor,这是一种轻量级的虚拟化抽象,它作为PDP生态系统的一阶公民提供测试原语。P4Visor可以通过编译器优化和基于程序分析的算法的组合,有效地支持多个PDP程序。P4Visor的算法大大降低了将多种版本的PDP程序嵌入硬件的资源开销,从而改进了现有技术。为了证明P4Visor的效率和可行性,我们使用14个不同的PDP程序在软件交换机和基于FPGA的硬件交换机上实现并评估了P4Visor。我们的结果表明,P4Visor引入了最小的开销,并且在同时支持多个程序方面比现有的PDP原语高效一个数量级。
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引用次数: 6
FlowMan: QoS-Aware Dynamic Data Flow Management in Software-Defined Networks FlowMan:软件定义网络中的qos感知动态数据流管理
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999682
A. Mondal, S. Misra
In this paper, we study the problem of data flow management in the presence of heterogeneous flows — elephant and mice flows — in software-defined networks (SDNs). Most of the researchers considered the homogeneous flows in SDN in the existing literature. The optimal data flow management in the presence of heterogeneous flows is NP-hard. Hence, we propose a game theory-based heterogeneous data flow management scheme, named FlowMan. In FlowMan, initially, we use a generalized Nash bargaining game to obtain a sub-optimal problem, which is NP-complete in nature. By solving it, we get the Pareto optimal solution for data-rate associated with each switch. Thereafter, we use a heuristic method to decide the flow-association with the switches, distributedly, which, in turn, helps to get a Pareto optimal solution. Extensive simulation results depict that FlowMan is capable of ensuring quality-of-service (QoS) for data flow management in the presence of heterogeneous flows. In particular, FlowMan is capable of reducing network delay by 77.8–98.7%, while ensuring 24.6–47.8% increase in network throughput, compared to the existing schemes such as FlowStat and CURE. Additionally, FlowMan ensures that per-flow delay is reduced by 27.7% with balanced load distribution among the SDN switches.
在本文中,我们研究了在软件定义网络(SDN)中存在异构流(大象流和老鼠流)的情况下的数据流管理问题。在现有文献中,大多数研究者都考虑了SDN中的均匀流。在存在异构流的情况下,最优数据流管理是NP困难的。因此,我们提出了一种基于博弈论的异构数据流管理方案FlowMan。在FlowMan中,我们首先使用广义纳什讨价还价对策来获得一个次优问题,该问题本质上是NP完全的。通过求解,我们得到了与每个交换机相关的数据速率的Pareto最优解。然后,我们使用启发式方法来分布式地确定与交换机的流关联,这反过来又有助于获得Pareto最优解。大量的仿真结果表明,FlowMan能够在存在异构流的情况下确保数据流管理的服务质量(QoS)。特别是,与FlowStat和CURE等现有方案相比,FlowMan能够将网络延迟减少77.8–98.7%,同时确保网络吞吐量增加24.6–47.8%。此外,FlowMan确保每个流量延迟减少27.7%,SDN交换机之间的负载分布平衡。
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引用次数: 6
Trident: Toward Distributed Reactive SDN Programming With Consistent Updates 三叉戟:面向具有一致更新的分布式反应式SDN编程
IF 16.4 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.2999654
K. Gao, Taishi Nojima, Haitao Yu, Y. Yang
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables more dynamic and fine-grained network control. In particular, network operators can route traffic not only based on packet header fields, but also higher-level parameters such as user settings, traffic characteristics, and application-layer information extracted by virtualized network functions such as DPI, firewall and authentication servers. Integrating these higher-level parameters into an SDN programming framework brings substantial benefits but is still missing in the SDN community. In this paper, we articulate the challenges and then propose Trident, a novel unified SDN programming framework. Trident extends algorithmic SDN programming with a new abstraction called stream attribute, which integrates meta parameters into the match-action programming paradigm. Further, Trident adopts the idea of reactive value from function reactive programming, eliminating the complexity of manually handling dynamicity. To effectively and efficiently realize these novel ideas, Trident introduces reactive table as the basic processing unit and develops a domain-specific distributed update protocol to maintain consistency during updates. Evaluations show that Trident puts very little overhead on integrating existing network management tools and network functions, and can handle up to $O(10^{5})$ routing requests per second with $O(100)$ milliseconds latency.
软件定义网络(SDN)实现了更动态、更细粒度的网络控制。特别是,网络运营商不仅可以基于数据包报头字段,还可以基于更高级别的参数,如用户设置、流量特性和DPI、防火墙和认证服务器等虚拟化网络功能提取的应用层信息来路由流量。将这些更高级别的参数集成到SDN编程框架中带来了巨大的好处,但在SDN社区中仍然缺失。在本文中,我们阐述了这些挑战,然后提出了一个新的统一SDN编程框架Trident。Trident用一种名为流属性的新抽象扩展了算法SDN编程,该抽象将元参数集成到匹配动作编程范式中。此外,Trident采用了函数反应式编程的反应值思想,消除了手动处理动态性的复杂性。为了有效、高效地实现这些新思想,Trident引入了反应表作为基本处理单元,并开发了一种特定于领域的分布式更新协议,以在更新过程中保持一致性。评估表明,Trident在集成现有网络管理工具和网络功能方面的开销非常小,并且每秒可以处理高达$O(10^{5})$的路由请求,延迟为$O(100)$毫秒。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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