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2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)最新文献

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Intra-Quantum Signal Acquisition Using Software Defined Radios 使用软件定义无线电进行量子内信号采集
Baptiste Laporte-Fauret, G. Ferré, D. Dallet, Bryce Minger, Loïc Fuché
This paper discusses a new required resolution of an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for the simultaneous acquisition of two single tone signals using Software Defined Radios (SDR). This issue was previously studied in the case of single tone signals. The main idea is to propose a new method to evaluate the resolution which fulfils a certain Dynamic Range in the case of multiple signals. Experimental results confirm our previous simulations and show we are able to acquire an intra-quantum signal due to the contribution of a stronger transmission which make it cross the quantum levels.
本文讨论了使用软件定义无线电(SDR)同时采集两个单音信号的模数转换器(ADC)的新分辨率要求。这个问题以前是在单音信号的情况下研究的。主要思想是在多信号情况下,提出一种满足一定动态范围的分辨率评价方法。实验结果证实了我们之前的模拟,并表明我们能够获得一个量子内信号,因为一个更强的传输的贡献,使它跨越量子水平。
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引用次数: 0
Metrological performance of a single-channel Brain-Computer Interface based on Motor Imagery 基于运动图像的单通道脑机接口的计量性能
L. Angrisani, P. Arpaia, Francesco Donnarumma, Antonio Esposito, N. Moccaldi, M. Parvis
In this paper, the accuracy in classifying Motor Imagery (MI) tasks for a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is analyzed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were taken into account, notably by employing one channel per time. Four classes were to distinguish, i.e. imagining the movement of left hand, right hand, feet, or tongue. The dataset ”2a” of BCI Competition IV (2008) was considered. Brain signals were processed by applying a short-time Fourier transform, a common spatial pattern filter for feature extraction, and a support vector machine for classification. With this work, the aim is to give a contribution to the development of wearable MI-based BCIs by relying on single channel EEG.
本文分析了脑机接口(BCI)对运动意象(MI)任务分类的准确性。考虑到脑电图(EEG)信号,特别是每次使用一个通道。分为四类进行区分,即想象左手、右手、脚或舌头的运动。考虑了BCI第四届竞赛(2008)的数据集“2a”。采用短时傅里叶变换、通用空间模式滤波器进行特征提取、支持向量机进行分类,对脑信号进行处理。通过这项工作,目的是通过依赖单通道EEG为基于可穿戴mi的脑机接口的发展做出贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Health Indicator Extraction for Electro-Mechanical Actuator with CHMM CHMM机电致动器健康指标的提取
Yujie Zhang, Liansheng Liu, Min He, Dangxia Lyu, Yu Peng, Datong Liu
Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) has played an important role as there are more EMAs incorporated in the flight control actuation of More Electric Aircraft. However, the difficulty of EMA Health Indicator (HI) extraction caused by limitation of sensor installation hinders the development of EMA Prognostic and Health Management (PHM). As a result, to address this issue, a new HI extraction method based on Continuous Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) is proposed for EMA. In the CHMM-based HI extraction method, the monitoring data in health condition of EMA are utilized to train a CHMM with log-likelihood function. Based on the CHMM and the monitoring data in the degradation condition of EMA, the output of log-likelihood function for EMA degradation condition can be obtained, which implies the similarity between the degradation condition and health condition. Furthermore, the normalized similarity is used as an EMA HI. Thus, the sensors with high correlation to the extracted HI (i.e. normalized similarity) no longer need to be installed or can be removed. This study provides a new way of EMA HI extraction with the limitation of sensor installation. To validate the effectiveness of CHMM-based HI extraction method for EMA, experiments are conducted, in which the data derived from NASAs Flyable Electro-Mechanical Actuator (FLEA) test stand are utilized. Experimental results show that the CHMM-based method has a good performance in EMA HI extraction.
随着越来越多的电动飞机的飞控驱动采用了机电致动器,机电致动器在飞控驱动中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而,由于传感器安装的限制,导致EMA健康指标(HI)提取困难,阻碍了EMA预后与健康管理(PHM)的发展。为此,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于连续隐马尔可夫模型(CHMM)的EMA HI提取方法。在基于CHMM的HI提取方法中,利用EMA健康状态监测数据训练具有对数似然函数的CHMM。基于CHMM和EMA退化状态下的监测数据,可以得到EMA退化状态的对数似然函数输出,表明了EMA退化状态与健康状态的相似性。此外,将归一化相似度用作EMA HI。因此,与提取的HI(即归一化相似度)高度相关的传感器不再需要安装或可以移除。本研究提供了一种不受传感器安装限制的电磁辐射HI提取新方法。为了验证基于chmm的电磁致动器HI提取方法的有效性,利用nasa可飞机电致动器(FLEA)试验台的数据进行了实验。实验结果表明,基于chmm的方法在EMA HI提取中具有良好的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Monitoring the Crack Growth by Measurement of Diffracted Lamb Waves 用衍射兰姆波监测裂纹扩展
Bo Feng, Nuno Espada, H. Ramos, A. Ribeiro
This article presents an application of ultrasonic Lamb waves to monitor the growth of a crack in an aluminum plate subject to mechanical fatigue. PZT sensors were fixed on both sides of the zone where a crack is expected to appear. The study was conducted by theoretical and experimental approaches. The diffraction Fresnel-Kirchhoff approximation was used to establish an estimate for the attenuation measured as a function of the crack length. A finite element program was equally used to estimate the propagation attenuation and the time of flight. The time of flight was compared with the value obtained considering simple ray propagation by diffraction on the crack’s tip. Finally the obtained data were compared with those obtained experimentally.
本文介绍了超声波兰姆波在铝板机械疲劳裂纹扩展监测中的应用。PZT传感器被固定在预计会出现裂缝的区域的两侧。本研究采用理论和实验相结合的方法进行。衍射菲涅耳-基尔霍夫近似用于建立衰减作为裂纹长度的函数的估计。采用有限元程序计算了传播衰减和飞行时间。将飞行时间与考虑裂纹尖端简单射线衍射传播的数值进行了比较。最后将所得数据与实验结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Mass-Spring-Damper Model Optimized with PSO of the Fluidic System in Liquid-Circular Angular Accelerometer 液-圆角加速度计流体系统质量-弹簧-阻尼器模型的粒子群优化
H. Fu, Meiling Wang, Siyuan Cheng, Tong Liu, Xuan Xiao, M. Fu
This paper presents an optimized mass-spring-damper (MSD) model of the fluidic system in liquid-circular angular accelerometer (LCAA). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is implemented to determine the parameters including stiffness of spring and damping coefficient in MSD model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model manifests favorable consistency with the transient flow model whose validity has been proved. The influences of structure factors of LCAA, including radius of the tube and cross-sectional area of the tube, are analyzed in simulations, which are then verified by prototypes in experiments. The conclusions are used for structural optimum design. Eventually, the MSD model optimized with PSO is proved to be effective to predict frequency response of fluidic system.
本文提出了液体-圆角加速度计(LCAA)中流体系统的优化质量-弹簧-阻尼器(MSD)模型。采用粒子群优化方法确定了MSD模型中弹簧刚度和阻尼系数等参数。仿真结果表明,该模型与瞬态流动模型具有良好的一致性,该模型的有效性得到了验证。通过仿真分析了管半径和管截面积等结构因素对LCAA性能的影响,并通过样机进行了实验验证。所得结论可用于结构优化设计。最后,利用粒子群优化的MSD模型可以有效地预测流体系统的频率响应。
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引用次数: 0
Jitter Measurement in Digital Signals by Using Software Defined Radio Technology 用软件无线电技术测量数字信号中的抖动
G. Anthonys, M. Cree, L. Streeter
Here, we propose a method using software defined radio (SDR) technology to measure periodic and random jitter in a digital signal. Conventional methods to measure jitter required expensive measurement equipment. We use a cheap (less than US $40) SDR USB dongle to expose random and periodic jitter in the amplitude modulated light source of a range camera. By using Fourier analysis we generate an ideal reference signal to enable to extract jitter at the zero crossings of the signal under test. We measure jitter with SDR receiver and more conventionally a real-time digital oscilloscope. From the SDR receiver, we find the periodic jitter at low frequency and compare to the oscilloscope results. We demonstrate that periodic and random jitter can be detected on a RF signal with consumer priced products provided that the jitter frequency less within the bandwidth of the receiver.
在这里,我们提出了一种使用软件定义无线电(SDR)技术测量数字信号中的周期性和随机抖动的方法。传统的测量抖动的方法需要昂贵的测量设备。我们使用便宜的(不到40美元)SDR USB加密狗来暴露测距相机调幅光源中的随机和周期性抖动。通过傅里叶分析,我们生成了一个理想的参考信号,能够提取被测信号的过零点处的抖动。我们用SDR接收机和更传统的实时数字示波器测量抖动。从SDR接收机中,我们发现了低频的周期性抖动,并与示波器结果进行了比较。我们证明,只要抖动频率在接收器的带宽内较小,就可以在消费价格产品的RF信号上检测到周期性和随机抖动。
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引用次数: 0
Pulse-Shaping Feed-Forward-Compensated Generator 脉冲整形前馈补偿发电机
S. Seshadri, Jonathan B. Scott
A typical electrical stimulator has a battery, step-up converter, voltage regulator, pulse generator with a micro-controller providing the clocking signal. This outputs a step response with a specified amplitude and pulse-width. In this work, Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) and Cúk converters are built to output a step response without the requirement of a voltage regulator and a pulse generator. The transfer function of both instruments predict a step response that will overshoot but settle to steady-state. This is true when the drive is of a fixed duty cycle. The main contribution of this manuscript is to show that the overshoot can be reduced or completely removed by sending an irregular pulse waveform to the switch, determined from the transfer function of the converters. Sufficiently adjusting the duty cycles of drive pulses forces the converter to rapidly reach steady-state value. As a result, a programmable converter delivers a well-formed pulse of specific length without the need for additional circuitry.
典型的电刺激器由电池、升压转换器、电压调节器、脉冲发生器和提供时钟信号的微控制器组成。这输出具有指定幅度和脉宽的阶跃响应。在这项工作中,单端初级电感变换器(SEPIC)和Cúk变换器被构建为输出阶跃响应,而不需要电压调节器和脉冲发生器。两种仪器的传递函数预测阶跃响应将超调,但稳定到稳态。当驱动器具有固定占空比时,这是正确的。本文的主要贡献是表明,通过向开关发送由变换器的传递函数确定的不规则脉冲波形,可以减少或完全消除超调。充分调节驱动脉冲的占空比迫使变换器迅速达到稳态值。因此,可编程转换器提供特定长度的格式良好的脉冲,而不需要额外的电路。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Data Model on Performance of Time Series Database for Internet of Things Applications 物联网应用中数据模型对时间序列数据库性能的影响
S. Rinaldi, Federico Bonafini, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, E. Sisinni, D. Bianchini
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is gaining interest in several application fields, from medical devices to smart building and industrial automation. Such a success is due to the flexibility and interoperability between different application domains: the possibility to vertically share data among applications is the winning point of this technology. IoT sensors installed on the field generate a large amount of data, which have to be stored somewhere for subsequent analysis. Database technologies are experiencing a deep transformation to be able to handle these data streams. The recent trend is a transition from relational to non-relational databases. Among the latter, the Time Series Databases (TSDBs) seem to be the solution for storing large amount of time series data generated by IoT applications. Although these solutions are optimized to handle thousands of parallel data streams from IoT sensors, the performance of data extraction could not be compatible with some applications. The target of the paper is to investigate the impact that different metadata could have over the data extraction performance in TSDBs. A dedicated testing procedure has been configured for evaluating InfluxDB, one of the most effective and widespread TSDBs. The performance analysis, carried out on a specific use case, demonstrated that the database write and read performance can be significantly affected by the used data model, with queries executed on the same data requiring times from hundreds of ms to seconds in the worst cases.
物联网(IoT)范式正在从医疗设备到智能建筑和工业自动化等多个应用领域引起人们的兴趣。这样的成功是由于不同应用程序域之间的灵活性和互操作性:在应用程序之间垂直共享数据的可能性是该技术的制胜点。安装在现场的物联网传感器会产生大量数据,这些数据必须存储在某个地方以供后续分析。数据库技术正在经历一场深刻的变革,以便能够处理这些数据流。最近的趋势是从关系数据库到非关系数据库的过渡。在后者中,时间序列数据库(tsdb)似乎是存储物联网应用产生的大量时间序列数据的解决方案。尽管这些解决方案经过优化,可以处理来自物联网传感器的数千个并行数据流,但数据提取的性能可能与某些应用程序不兼容。本文的目标是研究不同的元数据对tsdb中数据提取性能的影响。已经配置了一个专门的测试过程来评估InfluxDB,它是最有效和最广泛的tsdb之一。对一个特定用例进行的性能分析表明,数据库的写和读性能会受到所使用的数据模型的显著影响,在最坏的情况下,对相同数据执行查询需要数百毫秒到几秒钟的时间。
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引用次数: 7
Visual inspection of CFRP laminates based on EIT 基于EIT的CFRP层合板目视检测
W. Fan, Jingyao Li, Z. Cui, Huaxiang Wang
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an emerging method for monitoring damages in carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP composites. This paper presents a method of detecting the shape and position for the damages of anisotropic CFRP laminates based on EIT with embedded electrodes. According to the boundary values of voltage change collected from the electrodes, the conductivity distribution map of the material is reconstructed to assess the damage condition. In order to improve the quality of reconstructed images, a new modified residual norm steepest descent (MRNSD) algorithm is applied to reconstruct the conductivity distribution. Moreover, the EIT test system is built for experimental verification. The experimental results verify both the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
电阻抗层析成像(EIT)是一种新兴的碳纤维增强聚合物CFRP复合材料损伤监测方法。提出了一种基于嵌入电极的EIT检测各向异性CFRP复合材料损伤形状和位置的方法。根据采集到的电极电压变化边界值,重构材料的电导率分布图,评估材料的损伤情况。为了提高重建图像的质量,提出了一种新的修正残差范数最陡下降(MRNSD)算法来重建电导率分布。并建立了EIT测试系统进行实验验证。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 2
A Wearable System for Noise Assessment in Workplaces 可穿戴式工作场所噪音评估系统
L. Lombardo, L. Iannucci, M. Parvis, S. Corbellini, S. Grassini
Noise in work places is a critical problem and inter-national regulations are becoming more restrictive on this aspect. The normal a-priori’ way of stating the workers’ exposure to the noise is becoming not enough to warrant that the worker is not exposed to a too high noise thus personal measuring systems are often required. In this paper one of these systems is described that is, not only capable of logging the noise the worker is subjected to, but also to raise an alarm if the noise seems to exceed the maximum allowed level. The system employs a 1$ microphone and off-the-shelf components and has a cost lower than 100$ so that any worker can be provided with a measuring system. The described solution connects to a central system via LoRa protocol without the necessity for the measuring system to be connected to the receiver or to be put close to it.
工作场所的噪音是一个严重的问题,国际法规在这方面越来越严格。正常的先验的方式来说明工人暴露在噪音中变得不足以保证工人没有暴露在过高的噪音中,因此经常需要个人测量系统。本文描述了其中一种系统,即不仅能够记录工人所受到的噪音,而且在噪音似乎超过最大允许水平时还能发出警报。该系统采用1美元的麦克风和现成的组件,成本低于100美元,因此任何工人都可以使用测量系统。所描述的解决方案通过LoRa协议连接到中央系统,而不需要将测量系统连接到接收器或靠近接收器。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)
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