Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520372
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"137-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520433
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"140-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520431
{"title":"IEEE Women in Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"139-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520374
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3520374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10832417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe the design, construction, and performance of a waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) for the 209–281 GHz frequency band. The device is one of three candidates being considered for deployment in the upgraded Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 receiver, known as “Band 6v2,” currently under development by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The OMT is based on a symmetric reverse coupler structure. It has a circular waveguide input port (diameter 1.29 mm) and two single-mode oval waveguide output ports with full-radius corners matched to WR3.7 rectangular waveguide (0.94 mm × 0.47 mm). A circular-to-square waveguide transition is used on the input side. The two oval waveguide outputs have E-plane orientations parallel to each other and are located on opposite sides of the OMT module. The device was optimized using a commercial 3D electromagnetic simulator. The OMT consists of a split-block assembly, fabricated using a conventional CNC micromilling machine. It was tested at room temperature using a commercial vector network analyzer equipped with WR-3.4 frequency extension modules. An initial OMT design demonstrated excellent performance but was susceptible to micron alignment shifts. These shifts, caused by thermal contraction during cryogenic cooling, resulted in inconsistent isolation and cross-polarization. To overcome these problems, innovative alignment and module locking techniques were developed to ensure stable OMT operation with thermal cycling. This article details these methods and their successful implementation. Across the 209–281 GHz band, the measured input and output return losses exceed 17 dB, the room temperature insertion losses are less than 0.5 dB, isolations surpass 52 dB and cross-polarizations are greater than 40 dB for both polarization channels. The device meets the requirements set for the ALMA Band 6v2 OMT. The OMT design is scalable to higher frequencies, and the alignment and locking techniques are suitable for submillimeter applications.
{"title":"High-Performance Reverse-Coupler OMT With Submicron Alignment for the 209–281 GHz Band","authors":"Alessandro Navarrini;Philip Dindo;Anthony R. Kerr;Joseph Lambert;F. Patricio Mena;Greg Morris;Benjamin Casto;John Effland;Kamaljeet Saini","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3518095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3518095","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the design, construction, and performance of a waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) for the 209–281 GHz frequency band. The device is one of three candidates being considered for deployment in the upgraded Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 receiver, known as “Band 6v2,” currently under development by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). The OMT is based on a symmetric reverse coupler structure. It has a circular waveguide input port (diameter 1.29 mm) and two single-mode oval waveguide output ports with full-radius corners matched to WR3.7 rectangular waveguide (0.94 mm × 0.47 mm). A circular-to-square waveguide transition is used on the input side. The two oval waveguide outputs have E-plane orientations parallel to each other and are located on opposite sides of the OMT module. The device was optimized using a commercial 3D electromagnetic simulator. The OMT consists of a split-block assembly, fabricated using a conventional CNC micromilling machine. It was tested at room temperature using a commercial vector network analyzer equipped with WR-3.4 frequency extension modules. An initial OMT design demonstrated excellent performance but was susceptible to micron alignment shifts. These shifts, caused by thermal contraction during cryogenic cooling, resulted in inconsistent isolation and cross-polarization. To overcome these problems, innovative alignment and module locking techniques were developed to ensure stable OMT operation with thermal cycling. This article details these methods and their successful implementation. Across the 209–281 GHz band, the measured input and output return losses exceed 17 dB, the room temperature insertion losses are less than 0.5 dB, isolations surpass 52 dB and cross-polarizations are greater than 40 dB for both polarization channels. The device meets the requirements set for the ALMA Band 6v2 OMT. The OMT design is scalable to higher frequencies, and the alignment and locking techniques are suitable for submillimeter applications.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"228-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510658
Cristian Daniel López;Karl Birkir Flosason;Denis Meledin;Leif Helldner;SvenErik Ferm;Victor Belitsky;Vincent Desmaris
This article presents the design, simulation, microfabrication, and characterization of broadband waveguide terminations intended as drop-in components in waveguide blocks. Two types of terminations were developed, fabricated, and characterized. The first type employs a quartz-based E-probe to couple to a waveguide, integrating an on-substrate titanium nitride (Ti-N) alloy resistive absorber with broadband tuning circuitry. This design achieves a return loss of better than 20 dB over the 260–375 GHz frequency range. The second type features a finline to slotline transition, constructed from a 30 μm thick Si membrane covered with high resistivity Ti-N alloy. This load demonstrates a return loss of better than 20 dB across the 210–380 GHz band. In order to ensure the required performance of the loads at cryogenic temperatures, the sheet resistance of the employed Ti-N resistive film was characterized from room temperature to 4K employing a closed-cycle cryostat and a four-probe measurement system. For comparative purposes, the room temperature performance of terminations employing a traditional Eccosorb material was measured and compared with the proposed waveguide terminations. Furthermore, the sideband rejection ratio of a 2SB superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer was evaluated at cryogenic temperatures using the proposed finline-based terminations for LO directional couplers and 90° RF hybrids in comparison with the Eccosorb made terminations. The measurements showed that the performance of the proposed terminations outperforms those achieved with Eccosorb absorbers at room temperature and is comparable at cryogenic temperatures.
{"title":"Microfabricated Waveguide Terminations for Wideband and Low-Power THz Applications","authors":"Cristian Daniel López;Karl Birkir Flosason;Denis Meledin;Leif Helldner;SvenErik Ferm;Victor Belitsky;Vincent Desmaris","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510658","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the design, simulation, microfabrication, and characterization of broadband waveguide terminations intended as drop-in components in waveguide blocks. Two types of terminations were developed, fabricated, and characterized. The first type employs a quartz-based E-probe to couple to a waveguide, integrating an on-substrate titanium nitride (Ti-N) alloy resistive absorber with broadband tuning circuitry. This design achieves a return loss of better than 20 dB over the 260–375 GHz frequency range. The second type features a finline to slotline transition, constructed from a 30 μm thick Si membrane covered with high resistivity Ti-N alloy. This load demonstrates a return loss of better than 20 dB across the 210–380 GHz band. In order to ensure the required performance of the loads at cryogenic temperatures, the sheet resistance of the employed Ti-N resistive film was characterized from room temperature to 4K employing a closed-cycle cryostat and a four-probe measurement system. For comparative purposes, the room temperature performance of terminations employing a traditional Eccosorb material was measured and compared with the proposed waveguide terminations. Furthermore, the sideband rejection ratio of a 2SB superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer was evaluated at cryogenic temperatures using the proposed finline-based terminations for LO directional couplers and 90° RF hybrids in comparison with the Eccosorb made terminations. The measurements showed that the performance of the proposed terminations outperforms those achieved with Eccosorb absorbers at room temperature and is comparable at cryogenic temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514299
Siyang Lu;Jing Zhu;Zhicheng Tan;Xinzhe Shi;Wei Wu;Lianqing Zhu
In this article, the terahertz-intraparticle diffusion model (THz-IPD) based on the intraparticle diffusion model and terahertz amplitude is established to assess diffusion adsorption rates and describe the mass transfer mechanism controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The diffusion adsorption process for four graphene-based materials with ethanol was analyzed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Diffusion adsorption rates for four graphene-based materials were evaluated using a terahertz-pseudo second-order kinetic model and a terahertz-double-exponential model, revealing that intraparticle diffusion is one of the rate-limiting factors for adsorption. THz-IPD fitting found that intraparticle diffusion is not the only controlling factor. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds are the decisive factors for the adsorption rates of hydrophobic and hydrophilic graphene-based materials. The results were supported by Brunner--Emmet--Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscope/energy spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared methods.
{"title":"Terahertz-Intra-Particle Diffusion Model for Adsorption of Ethanol in Graphene-Based Materials","authors":"Siyang Lu;Jing Zhu;Zhicheng Tan;Xinzhe Shi;Wei Wu;Lianqing Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514299","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the terahertz-intraparticle diffusion model (THz-IPD) based on the intraparticle diffusion model and terahertz amplitude is established to assess diffusion adsorption rates and describe the mass transfer mechanism controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The diffusion adsorption process for four graphene-based materials with ethanol was analyzed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Diffusion adsorption rates for four graphene-based materials were evaluated using a terahertz-pseudo second-order kinetic model and a terahertz-double-exponential model, revealing that intraparticle diffusion is one of the rate-limiting factors for adsorption. THz-IPD fitting found that intraparticle diffusion is not the only controlling factor. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds are the decisive factors for the adsorption rates of hydrophobic and hydrophilic graphene-based materials. The results were supported by Brunner--Emmet--Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscope/energy spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared methods.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"283-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514309
I. Barrueto;F. Münning;M. Justen;M. Schultz;S. Wulff;K. Jacobs;C. E. Honingh;U. U. Graf;D. Riechers
For the CCAT Heterodyne Array Instrument (CHAI) we studied the basic components for the local oscillator (LO) distribution in the 4-pixel block, of which 16 units will constitute the 64 pixels in the 455–495$,$GHz band. A single LO signal is divided by a cascade of on-chip 3 dB power dividers based on superconducting planar transmission lines, implemented in multipixel waveguide mixer blocks. In this article, we present two different types of power dividers, namely, a microstrip Wilkinson and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) 90$^{circ }$ hybrid, which are designed, simulated, and fabricated. Upon integrating them in a two-pixel block with the intended mixers, we observe an unexpected difference in terms of equal power distribution to both mixers. The 90$^{circ }$ phase difference between the outputs of the hybrid, in the presence of standing waves due to an imperfectly terminated isolated port, causes an imbalance between the LO-power transmitted to both mixers. This inequality is frequency-dependent and alternates considerably across the band. The Wilkinson due to its in-phase power division is immune to this effect and therewith demonstrates a significantly more even power transmission to the mixers.
{"title":"Effect of Power Divider Phase in Power Distribution Networks","authors":"I. Barrueto;F. Münning;M. Justen;M. Schultz;S. Wulff;K. Jacobs;C. E. Honingh;U. U. Graf;D. Riechers","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3514309","url":null,"abstract":"For the CCAT Heterodyne Array Instrument (CHAI) we studied the basic components for the local oscillator (LO) distribution in the 4-pixel block, of which 16 units will constitute the 64 pixels in the 455–495<inline-formula><tex-math>$,$</tex-math></inline-formula>GHz band. A single LO signal is divided by a cascade of on-chip 3 dB power dividers based on superconducting planar transmission lines, implemented in multipixel waveguide mixer blocks. In this article, we present two different types of power dividers, namely, a microstrip Wilkinson and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) 90<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> hybrid, which are designed, simulated, and fabricated. Upon integrating them in a two-pixel block with the intended mixers, we observe an unexpected difference in terms of equal power distribution to both mixers. The 90<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase difference between the outputs of the hybrid, in the presence of standing waves due to an imperfectly terminated isolated port, causes an imbalance between the LO-power transmitted to both mixers. This inequality is frequency-dependent and alternates considerably across the band. The Wilkinson due to its in-phase power division is immune to this effect and therewith demonstrates a significantly more even power transmission to the mixers.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional frequency multipliers typically feature single-channel input and output designs, primarily serving as local oscillators in mixers or signal sources in point-to-point transmission systems. However, these designs offer limited versatility, particularly in applications requiring dynamic power distribution across multiple directions. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel dual-channel frequency doubler based on GaAs monolithic integrated technology that allows for adjustable power distribution between two output channels. The design incorporates a vertically aligned, multistage waveguide that couples power into two parallel rows of diodes. By exploiting the nonlinear characteristics of these diodes, the device efficiently generates second harmonics across both channels. Moreover, the coupling ratio of input power between the two channels can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the bias applied to the diodes. Across 155–170 GHz frequency range, the device achieved a maximum output power of 69.9 mW and a peak conversion efficiency of 29% with both channels active. With only one channel active, the maximum output power reached 71.7 mW, and the peak conversion efficiency was 23.8%. This prototype effectively demonstrates the feasibility of our approach and establishes a solid foundation for future expansion into the terahertz frequency range.
{"title":"Dual-Channel Frequency Source With Distributable Channel Power Based on Mode Control","authors":"Yazhou Dong;Tianchi Zhou;Huajie Liang;Shixiong Liang;Hailong Guo;Lian Hu;Jun Zhou;Ziqiang Yang;Ziqiang Yang;Yaxin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510195","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional frequency multipliers typically feature single-channel input and output designs, primarily serving as local oscillators in mixers or signal sources in point-to-point transmission systems. However, these designs offer limited versatility, particularly in applications requiring dynamic power distribution across multiple directions. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel dual-channel frequency doubler based on GaAs monolithic integrated technology that allows for adjustable power distribution between two output channels. The design incorporates a vertically aligned, multistage waveguide that couples power into two parallel rows of diodes. By exploiting the nonlinear characteristics of these diodes, the device efficiently generates second harmonics across both channels. Moreover, the coupling ratio of input power between the two channels can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the bias applied to the diodes. Across 155–170 GHz frequency range, the device achieved a maximum output power of 69.9 mW and a peak conversion efficiency of 29% with both channels active. With only one channel active, the maximum output power reached 71.7 mW, and the peak conversion efficiency was 23.8%. This prototype effectively demonstrates the feasibility of our approach and establishes a solid foundation for future expansion into the terahertz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"260-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the ability of terahertz (THz) waves to penetrate nonpolar opaque optical materials, Doppler interferometric velocimeters using THz waves can measure the velocity of a target inside or behind opaque optical materials, such as shock or detonation waves inside high explosives. To increase the temporal resolution of transient velocity measurements, a shorter time window is necessary during time–frequency analysis. However, the submillimeter wavelength of THz waves means that a shorter time window (e.g., nanoseconds) leads to extremely large velocity uncertainty. To address this challenge, a Doppler frequency-multiplied terahertz-wave Doppler velocimeter (DFM-TDV) was proposed. By frequency multiplication of the Doppler frequency shift, the velocity uncertainty can be suppressed under the same time window, allowing for a narrower time window while maintaining the same level of velocity uncertainty. The design and performance of the DFM-TDV were discussed, and its capability was tested through synthetic Doppler signal experiments and detonation-driven flyer experiments. The velocity uncertainty and temporal resolution of the measured velocity were improved by factors of 6.7 and 4, respectively, with a multiplication factor of 16.
{"title":"Doppler Frequency-Multiplied Terahertz-Wave Doppler Interferometric Velocimeter With High Temporal Resolution","authors":"Zhao-Hui Zhai;Chang-Lin Sun;Jiang Li;Liang-Hui Du;Shou-Xian Liu;Jiang-Bo Lei;Jun Jiang;Li-Guo Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3510659","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the ability of terahertz (THz) waves to penetrate nonpolar opaque optical materials, Doppler interferometric velocimeters using THz waves can measure the velocity of a target inside or behind opaque optical materials, such as shock or detonation waves inside high explosives. To increase the temporal resolution of transient velocity measurements, a shorter time window is necessary during time–frequency analysis. However, the submillimeter wavelength of THz waves means that a shorter time window (e.g., nanoseconds) leads to extremely large velocity uncertainty. To address this challenge, a Doppler frequency-multiplied terahertz-wave Doppler velocimeter (DFM-TDV) was proposed. By frequency multiplication of the Doppler frequency shift, the velocity uncertainty can be suppressed under the same time window, allowing for a narrower time window while maintaining the same level of velocity uncertainty. The design and performance of the DFM-TDV were discussed, and its capability was tested through synthetic Doppler signal experiments and detonation-driven flyer experiments. The velocity uncertainty and temporal resolution of the measured velocity were improved by factors of 6.7 and 4, respectively, with a multiplication factor of 16.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10772585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：