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Antibodies and complement are key drivers of thrombosis 抗体和补体是血栓形成的关键因素
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.007
Konstantin Stark, Badr Kilani, Sven Stockhausen, Johanna Busse, Irene Schubert, Thuy-Duong Tran, Florian Gaertner, Alexander Leunig, Kami Pekayvaz, Leo Nicolai, Valeria Fumagalli, Julia Stermann, Felix Stephan, Christian David, Martin B. Müller, Birgitta Heyman, Anja Lux, Alexandra da Palma Guerreiro, Lukas P. Frenzel, Christoph Q. Schmidt, Steffen Massberg

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common, deadly disease with an increasing incidence despite preventive efforts. Clinical observations have associated elevated antibody concentrations or antibody-based therapies with thrombotic events. However, how antibodies contribute to thrombosis is unknown. Here, we show that reduced blood flow enabled immunoglobulin M (IgM) to bind to FcμR and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), initiating endothelial activation and platelet recruitment. Subsequently, the procoagulant surface of activated platelets accommodated antigen- and FcγR-independent IgG deposition. This leads to classical complement activation, setting in motion a prothrombotic vicious circle. Key elements of this mechanism were present in humans in the setting of venous stasis as well as in the dysregulated immunothrombosis of COVID-19. This antibody-driven thrombosis can be prevented by pharmacologically targeting complement. Hence, our results uncover antibodies as previously unrecognized central regulators of thrombosis. These findings carry relevance for therapeutic application of antibodies and open innovative avenues to target thrombosis without compromising hemostasis.

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是一种常见的致命疾病,尽管已采取了预防措施,但其发病率仍在不断上升。临床观察发现,抗体浓度升高或基于抗体的疗法与血栓事件有关。然而,抗体如何导致血栓形成尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现血流减少能使免疫球蛋白 M(IgM)与 FcμR 和聚合免疫球蛋白受体(pIgR)结合,启动内皮活化和血小板募集。随后,活化血小板的促凝表面容纳了抗原和不依赖 FcγR 的 IgG 沉积。这导致了经典的补体激活,引发了促血栓形成的恶性循环。这一机制的关键因素存在于人类的静脉瘀血以及 COVID-19 的失调免疫血栓中。这种抗体驱动的血栓形成可以通过药物靶向补体来预防。因此,我们的研究结果揭示了抗体是以前未曾认识到的血栓形成的核心调节因子。这些发现对抗体的治疗应用具有重要意义,并为在不影响止血的情况下靶向血栓形成开辟了创新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype and persist in human antigen-specific autoimmune diseases 自身抗原特异性 CD4+ T 细胞获得衰竭表型并在人类抗原特异性自身免疫疾病中持续存在
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.005
Carina Saggau, Petra Bacher, Daniela Esser, Mahdi Rasa, Silja Meise, Nicola Mohr, Nora Kohlstedt, Andreas Hutloff, Sarah-Sophie Schacht, Justina Dargvainiene, Gabriela Rios Martini, Klarissa H. Stürner, Ina Schröder, Robert Markewitz, Johannes Hartl, Maria Hastermann, Ankelien Duchow, Patrick Schindler, Mareike Becker, Carolin Bautista, Alexander Scheffold

Pro-inflammatory autoantigen-specific CD4+ T helper (auto-Th) cells are central orchestrators of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). We aimed to characterize these cells in human AIDs with defined autoantigens by combining human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-tetramer-based and activation-based multidimensional ex vivo analyses. In aquaporin4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) patients, auto-Th cells expressed CD154, but proliferative capacity and pro-inflammatory cytokines were strongly reduced. Instead, exhaustion-associated co-inhibitory receptors were expressed together with FOXP3, the canonical regulatory T cell (Treg) transcription factor. Auto-Th cells responded in vitro to checkpoint inhibition and provided potent B cell help. Cells with the same exhaustion-like (ThEx) phenotype were identified in soluble liver antigen (SLA)-antibody-autoimmune hepatitis and BP180-antibody-positive bullous pemphigoid, AIDs of the liver and skin, respectively. While originally described in cancer and chronic infection, our data point to T cell exhaustion as a common mechanism of adaptation to chronic (self-)stimulation across AID types and link exhausted CD4+ T cells to humoral autoimmune responses, with implications for therapeutic targeting.

促炎性自身抗原特异性 CD4+ T 辅助细胞(auto-Th)是自身免疫性疾病(AIDs)的核心协调者。我们的目标是通过结合基于人类白细胞抗原(HLA)四聚体和基于活化的多维体外分析,确定这些细胞在人类自身免疫性疾病中的特征。在水肿素4-抗体阳性的神经脊髓炎视谱系障碍(AQP4-NMOSD)患者中,自身Th细胞表达CD154,但增殖能力和促炎细胞因子却大大降低。相反,衰竭相关共抑制受体与典型调节性 T 细胞(Treg)转录因子 FOXP3 一起表达。自体Th细胞在体外对检查点抑制做出了反应,并提供了强有力的B细胞帮助。在可溶性肝抗原(SLA)-抗体-自身免疫性肝炎和 BP180-抗体阳性大疱性类天疱疮、肝脏和皮肤的 AID 中分别发现了具有相同衰竭样(ThEx)表型的细胞。虽然最初是在癌症和慢性感染中描述的,但我们的数据表明 T 细胞衰竭是适应各种类型 AID 的慢性(自我)刺激的共同机制,并将衰竭的 CD4+ T 细胞与体液自身免疫反应联系起来,从而对靶向治疗产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Meningeal lymphatic function promotes oligodendrocyte survival and brain myelination 脑膜淋巴功能促进少突胶质细胞存活和大脑髓鞘化
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.004
Sofia P. das Neves, Nickoleta Delivanoglou, Yingxue Ren, Chiara Starvaggi Cucuzza, Mateusz Makuch, Francisco Almeida, Guadalupe Sanchez, Megan J. Barber, Shanon Rego, Racquelle Schrader, Ayman H. Faroqi, Jean-Leon Thomas, Pamela J. McLean, Tiago Gil Oliveira, Sarosh R. Irani, Fredrik Piehl, Sandro Da Mesquita

The precise neurophysiological changes prompted by meningeal lymphatic dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we showed that inducing meningeal lymphatic vessel ablation in adult mice led to gene expression changes in glial cells, followed by reductions in mature oligodendrocyte numbers and specific lipid species in the brain. These phenomena were accompanied by altered meningeal adaptive immunity and brain myeloid cell activation. During brain remyelination, meningeal lymphatic dysfunction provoked a state of immunosuppression in the brain that contributed to delayed spontaneous oligodendrocyte replenishment and axonal loss. The deficiencies in mature oligodendrocytes and neuroinflammation due to impaired meningeal lymphatic function were solely recapitulated in immunocompetent mice. Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis presented reduced vascular endothelial growth factor C in the cerebrospinal fluid, particularly shortly after clinical relapses, possibly indicative of poor meningeal lymphatic function. These data demonstrate that meningeal lymphatics regulate oligodendrocyte function and brain myelination, which might have implications for human demyelinating diseases.

脑膜淋巴功能障碍引发的确切神经生理学变化仍不清楚。在这里,我们发现诱导成年小鼠脑膜淋巴管消融会导致胶质细胞基因表达的变化,继而导致大脑中成熟少突胶质细胞数量和特定脂质种类的减少。这些现象伴随着脑膜适应性免疫和脑髓细胞活化的改变。在大脑再髓鞘化过程中,脑膜淋巴功能障碍引发了大脑免疫抑制状态,导致自发性少突胶质细胞补充延迟和轴突丢失。脑膜淋巴功能受损导致的成熟少突胶质细胞缺乏和神经炎症只在免疫功能正常的小鼠身上重现。被诊断为多发性硬化症的患者脑脊液中的血管内皮生长因子 C 减少,尤其是在临床复发后不久,这可能表明脑膜淋巴功能低下。这些数据表明,脑膜淋巴管能调节少突胶质细胞功能和脑髓形成,这可能对人类脱髓鞘疾病有影响。
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引用次数: 0
CD4+ T cells reactive to a hybrid peptide from insulin-chromogranin A adopt a distinct effector fate and are pathogenic in autoimmune diabetes 对胰岛素-色甘宁 A 混合肽产生反应的 CD4+ T 细胞具有独特的效应基因,是自身免疫性糖尿病的致病因子
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.024
Jason S. Mitchell, Justin A. Spanier, Alexander J. Dwyer, Todd P. Knutson, Mohannad H. Alkhatib, Gina Qian, Matthew E. Weno, Yixin Chen, Zachary R. Shaheen, Christopher G. Tucker, Takashi O. Kangas, Milagros Silva Morales, Nubia Silva, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Michael A. Farrar, Brian T. Fife

T cell-mediated islet destruction is a hallmark of autoimmune diabetes. Here, we examined the dynamics and pathogenicity of CD4+ T cell responses to four different insulin-derived epitopes during diabetes initiation in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted CD4+ T cells from the pancreas revealed that islet-antigen-specific T cells adopted a wide variety of fates and required XCR1+ dendritic cells for their activation. Hybrid-insulin C-chromogranin A (InsC-ChgA)-specific CD4+ T cells skewed toward a distinct T helper type 1 (Th1) effector phenotype, whereas the majority of insulin B chain and hybrid-insulin C-islet amyloid polypeptide-specific CD4+ T cells exhibited a regulatory phenotype and early or weak Th1 phenotype, respectively. InsC-ChgA-specific CD4+ T cells were uniquely pathogenic upon transfer, and an anti-InsC-ChgA:IAg7 antibody prevented spontaneous diabetes. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of T cell responses to insulin-derived epitopes in diabetes and argue for the feasibility of antigen-specific therapies that blunts the response of pathogenic CD4+ T cells causing autoimmunity.

T 细胞介导的胰岛破坏是自身免疫性糖尿病的标志。在这里,我们研究了非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠在糖尿病发病过程中CD4+ T细胞对四个不同的胰岛素衍生表位的反应动态和致病性。对来自胰腺的四聚体分选 CD4+ T 细胞进行的单细胞 RNA 测序显示,胰岛抗原特异性 T 细胞采用了多种不同的命运,并需要 XCR1+ 树突状细胞来激活。杂交胰岛素C-色粒素A(InsC-ChgA)特异性CD4+ T细胞偏向于明显的T辅助1型(Th1)效应表型,而大多数胰岛素B链和杂交胰岛素C-胰岛淀粉样多肽特异性CD4+ T细胞分别表现出调节表型和早期或弱Th1表型。InsC-ChgA特异性CD4+ T细胞在转移后具有独特的致病性,抗InsC-ChgA:IAg7抗体可预防自发性糖尿病。我们的研究结果突显了糖尿病患者T细胞对胰岛素衍生表位反应的异质性,并论证了抗原特异性疗法的可行性,这种疗法能抑制导致自身免疫的致病性CD4+ T细胞的反应。
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引用次数: 0
CD4+ T cells re-wire granuloma cellularity and regulatory networks to promote immunomodulation following Mtb reinfection CD4+ T细胞重新构建肉芽肿细胞性和调控网络,促进Mtb再感染后的免疫调节
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.002
Joshua D. Bromley, Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua, Sarah K. Nyquist, Pauline Maiello, Michael Chao, H. Jacob Borish, Mark Rodgers, Jaime Tomko, Kara Kracinovsky, Douaa Mugahid, Son Nguyen, Qianchang Dennis Wang, Jacob M. Rosenberg, Edwin C. Klein, Hannah P. Gideon, Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan, Bonnie Berger, Charles A. Scanga, Philana Ling Lin, Sarah M. Fortune, JoAnne L. Flynn

Immunological priming—in the context of either prior infection or vaccination—elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrated that prior Mtb infection elicited a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and was CD4+ T cell dependent. By analyzing data from primary infection, reinfection, and reinfection-CD4+ T cell-depleted granulomas, we found that the presence of CD4+ T cells during reinfection resulted in a less inflammatory lung milieu characterized by reprogrammed CD8+ T cells, reduced neutrophilia, and blunted type 1 immune signaling among myeloid cells. These results open avenues for developing vaccines and therapeutics that not only target lymphocytes but also modulate innate immune cells to limit tuberculosis (TB) disease.

在先前感染或接种疫苗的情况下,免疫启动可引起对结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)后续感染的保护性反应。然而,人们对初次Mtb感染后肺部细胞环境发生的变化及其对再感染时的保护作用仍知之甚少。通过在非人灵长类动物再感染模型中使用临床和微生物学终点,我们证明了之前的Mtb感染会对随后的Mtb暴露产生持久的保护性反应,并且依赖于CD4+ T细胞。通过分析原发感染、再感染和再感染-CD4+ T 细胞贫化肉芽肿的数据,我们发现再感染期间 CD4+ T 细胞的存在导致肺部环境炎症性降低,其特点是 CD8+ T 细胞重编程、中性粒细胞增多减少以及髓系细胞中 1 型免疫信号转导减弱。这些结果为开发不仅针对淋巴细胞,而且还能调节先天性免疫细胞以限制结核病(TB)的疫苗和疗法开辟了道路。
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引用次数: 0
PD-1 signaling limits expression of phospholipid phosphatase 1 and promotes intratumoral CD8+ T cell ferroptosis PD-1 信号限制磷脂磷酸酶 1 的表达并促进瘤内 CD8+ T 细胞铁变态反应
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.08.003
Yu Ping, Jiqi Shan, Haiming Qin, Feng Li, Jiao Qu, Ru Guo, Dong Han, Wei Jing, Yaqing Liu, Jinyan Liu, Zhangnan Liu, Jieyao Li, Dongli Yue, Feng Wang, Liping Wang, Bin Zhang, Bo Huang, Yi Zhang

The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes metabolic reprogramming and dysfunction in immune cells. Here, we examined the impact of the TME on phospholipid metabolism in CD8+ T cells. In lung cancer, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were lower in intratumoral CD8+ T cells than in circulating CD8+ T cells. Intratumoral CD8+ T cells exhibited decreased expression of phospholipid phosphatase 1 (PLPP1), which catalyzes PE and PC synthesis. T cell-specific deletion of Plpp1 impaired antitumor immunity and promoted T cell death by ferroptosis. Unsaturated fatty acids in the TME stimulated ferroptosis of Plpp1−/− CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, programmed death-1 (PD-1) signaling in CD8+ T cells induced GATA1 binding to the promoter region Plpp1 and thereby suppressed Plpp1 expression. PD-1 blockade increased Plpp1 expression and restored CD8+ T cell antitumor function but did not rescue dysfunction of Plpp1−/− CD8+ T cells. Thus, PD-1 signaling regulates phospholipid metabolism in CD8+ T cells, with therapeutic implications for immunotherapy.

肿瘤微环境(TME)会促进免疫细胞的代谢重编程和功能障碍。在这里,我们研究了TME对CD8+ T细胞磷脂代谢的影响。在肺癌中,瘤内CD8+ T细胞的磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)低于循环中的CD8+ T细胞。瘤内CD8+ T细胞中催化PE和PC合成的磷脂磷酸酶1(PLPP1)表达减少。T细胞特异性缺失Plpp1会损害抗肿瘤免疫力,并促进T细胞因铁细胞凋亡而死亡。TME中的不饱和脂肪酸刺激了Plpp1-/-CD8+ T细胞的铁突变。从机制上讲,CD8+ T细胞中的程序性死亡-1(PD-1)信号诱导GATA1与启动子区Plpp1结合,从而抑制了Plpp1的表达。PD-1阻断增加了Plpp1的表达,恢复了CD8+ T细胞的抗肿瘤功能,但不能挽救Plpp1-/-CD8+ T细胞的功能障碍。因此,PD-1 信号调节 CD8+ T 细胞的磷脂代谢,对免疫疗法具有治疗意义。
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引用次数: 0
ZFP318 fuels memory B cells for success ZFP318 为记忆 B 细胞的成功提供动力
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.017

Diversity is a key feature of B cell biology—from BCR rearrangement to the heterogeneity of memory B cells. In this issue of Immunity, Wang et al. show that the zinc-finger protein ZFP318 supports mitochondrial health in certain memory B cells, thereby facilitating potent recall upon rechallenge.

多样性是 B 细胞生物学的一个关键特征--从 BCR 重排到记忆 B 细胞的异质性。在本期《免疫》杂志上,Wang 等人的研究表明,锌指蛋白 ZFP318 支持某些记忆 B 细胞的线粒体健康,从而促进了再次挑战时的有效回忆。
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引用次数: 0
Wriggly woes: Helminths stirring up T cell trouble 蠕虫的烦恼:螺旋虫给 T 细胞带来麻烦
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.014

Understanding determinants of immune response variation is central to developing treatment options. Even et al. show that naive CD4+ T cell transcriptional heterogeneity is altered by helminth infection leading to impaired immune responses independent of commensals.

了解免疫反应变异的决定因素对制定治疗方案至关重要。Even 等人的研究表明,天真的 CD4+ T 细胞转录异质性会因蠕虫感染而改变,导致免疫反应受损,而不依赖于寄生虫。
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引用次数: 0
Hit me baby one more time…with microbial IPA 再打我一次宝贝......用微生物IPA
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.007

The immune system is imprinted by gut microbes in early life. In this issue of Immunity, Perdijk et al. show that dysregulation of airway epithelial function by neonatal antibiotic treatment can be reversed by supplementation with a depleted microbial metabolite.

免疫系统在生命早期就受到肠道微生物的影响。在本期《免疫》杂志上,Perdijk 等人的研究表明,新生儿抗生素治疗导致的气道上皮功能失调可通过补充一种耗竭的微生物代谢物而逆转。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging the role of a NOX4-Piezo1 axis in neutrophil bactericidal function 挑战 NOX4-Piezo1 轴在中性粒细胞杀菌功能中的作用
IF 32.4 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.012
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
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Immunity
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