Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.012
Benedikt S. Saller, Svenja Wöhrle, Larissa Fischer, Clara Dufossez, Isabella L. Ingerl, Susanne Kessler, Maria Mateo-Tortola, Oliver Gorka, Felix Lange, Yurong Cheng, Emilia Neuwirt, Adinarayana Marada, Christoph Koentges, Chiara Urban, Philipp Aktories, Peter Reuther, Sebastian Giese, Susanne Kirschnek, Carolin Mayer, Johannes Pilic, Olaf Groß
How mitochondria reconcile roles in functionally divergent cell death pathways of apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis remains elusive, as is their precise role in NLRP3 activation and the evolutionarily conserved physiological function of NLRP3. Here, we have shown that when cells were challenged simultaneously, apoptosis was inhibited and NLRP3 activation prevailed. Apoptosis inhibition by structurally diverse NLRP3 activators, including nigericin, imiquimod, extracellular ATP, particles, and viruses, was not a consequence of inflammasome activation but rather of their effects on mitochondria. NLRP3 activators turned out as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors, which we found to disrupt mitochondrial cristae architecture, leading to trapping of cytochrome c. Although this effect was alone not sufficient for NLRP3 activation, OXPHOS inhibitors became triggers of NLRP3 when combined with resiquimod or Yoda-1, suggesting that NLRP3 activation requires two simultaneous cellular signals, one of mitochondrial origin. Therefore, OXPHOS and apoptosis inhibition by NLRP3 activators provide stringency in cell death decisions.
{"title":"Acute suppression of mitochondrial ATP production prevents apoptosis and provides an essential signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation","authors":"Benedikt S. Saller, Svenja Wöhrle, Larissa Fischer, Clara Dufossez, Isabella L. Ingerl, Susanne Kessler, Maria Mateo-Tortola, Oliver Gorka, Felix Lange, Yurong Cheng, Emilia Neuwirt, Adinarayana Marada, Christoph Koentges, Chiara Urban, Philipp Aktories, Peter Reuther, Sebastian Giese, Susanne Kirschnek, Carolin Mayer, Johannes Pilic, Olaf Groß","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"How mitochondria reconcile roles in functionally divergent cell death pathways of apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis remains elusive, as is their precise role in NLRP3 activation and the evolutionarily conserved physiological function of NLRP3. Here, we have shown that when cells were challenged simultaneously, apoptosis was inhibited and NLRP3 activation prevailed. Apoptosis inhibition by structurally diverse NLRP3 activators, including nigericin, imiquimod, extracellular ATP, particles, and viruses, was not a consequence of inflammasome activation but rather of their effects on mitochondria. NLRP3 activators turned out as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors, which we found to disrupt mitochondrial cristae architecture, leading to trapping of cytochrome <em>c</em>. Although this effect was alone not sufficient for NLRP3 activation, OXPHOS inhibitors became triggers of NLRP3 when combined with resiquimod or Yoda-1, suggesting that NLRP3 activation requires two simultaneous cellular signals, one of mitochondrial origin. Therefore, OXPHOS and apoptosis inhibition by NLRP3 activators provide stringency in cell death decisions.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.013
Hsiao-Wei Tsao, Seth Anderson, Kenneth J. Finn, Jonathan J. Perera, Lomax F. Pass, Emily M. Schneider, Aiping Jiang, Rachel Fetterman, Cun Lan Chuong, Kaiya Kozuma, Marcia M. Stickler, Marc Creixell, Susan Klaeger, Kshiti Meera Phulphagar, Suzanna Rachimi, Eva K. Verzani, Niclas Olsson, Juan Dubrot, Matthew F. Pech, Whitney Silkworth, Robert T. Manguso
The aminopeptidase, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), trims peptides for loading into major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), and loss of this activity has broad effects on the MHC class I peptidome. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting ERAP1 in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), as MHC class I interactions mediate both activating and inhibitory functions in antitumor immunity. Loss of ERAP sensitized mouse tumor models to ICB, and this sensitivity depended on CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vivo suppression screens revealed that Erap1 deletion inactivated the inhibitory NKG2A-HLA-E checkpoint, which requires presentation of a restricted set of invariant epitopes (VL9) on HLA-E. Loss of ERAP altered the HLA-E peptidome, preventing NKG2A engagement. In humans, ERAP1 and ERAP2 showed functional redundancy for the processing and presentation of VL9, and loss of both inactivated the NKG2A checkpoint in cancer cells. Thus, loss of ERAP phenocopies the inhibition of the NKG2A-HLA-E pathway and represents an attractive approach to inhibit this critical checkpoint.
氨肽酶--内质网氨肽酶 1（ERAP1）--修饰肽段以装入主要组织相容性复合体 I 类（MHC I 类），而这种活性的丧失会对 MHC I 类肽组产生广泛的影响。在这里，我们研究了靶向ERAP1对免疫检查点阻断（ICB）的影响，因为MHC I类相互作用在抗肿瘤免疫中同时介导激活和抑制功能。缺失ERAP会使小鼠肿瘤模型对ICB敏感，而这种敏感性取决于CD8+ T细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞。体内抑制筛选显示，Erap1缺失会使抑制性NKG2A-HLA-E检查点失活，而抑制性NKG2A-HLA-E检查点需要HLA-E上一组受限的不变表位（VL9）。ERAP的缺失改变了HLA-E肽组，阻止了NKG2A的参与。在人类中，ERAP1和ERAP2在处理和呈现VL9方面表现出功能冗余，两者的缺失会使癌细胞中的NKG2A检查点失活。因此，ERAP的缺失表征了对NKG2A-HLA-E通路的抑制，是抑制这一关键检查点的一种有吸引力的方法。
{"title":"Targeting the aminopeptidase ERAP enhances antitumor immunity by disrupting the NKG2A-HLA-E inhibitory checkpoint","authors":"Hsiao-Wei Tsao, Seth Anderson, Kenneth J. Finn, Jonathan J. Perera, Lomax F. Pass, Emily M. Schneider, Aiping Jiang, Rachel Fetterman, Cun Lan Chuong, Kaiya Kozuma, Marcia M. Stickler, Marc Creixell, Susan Klaeger, Kshiti Meera Phulphagar, Suzanna Rachimi, Eva K. Verzani, Niclas Olsson, Juan Dubrot, Matthew F. Pech, Whitney Silkworth, Robert T. Manguso","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"The aminopeptidase, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), trims peptides for loading into major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), and loss of this activity has broad effects on the MHC class I peptidome. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting ERAP1 in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), as MHC class I interactions mediate both activating and inhibitory functions in antitumor immunity. Loss of ERAP sensitized mouse tumor models to ICB, and this sensitivity depended on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. <em>In vivo</em> suppression screens revealed that <em>Erap1</em> deletion inactivated the inhibitory NKG2A-HLA-E checkpoint, which requires presentation of a restricted set of invariant epitopes (VL9) on HLA-E. Loss of ERAP altered the HLA-E peptidome, preventing NKG2A engagement. In humans, ERAP1 and ERAP2 showed functional redundancy for the processing and presentation of VL9, and loss of both inactivated the NKG2A checkpoint in cancer cells. Thus, loss of ERAP phenocopies the inhibition of the NKG2A-HLA-E pathway and represents an attractive approach to inhibit this critical checkpoint.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.011
Georg Schett, Carl H. June
Several recent reports have demonstrated that B cell-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells offer a viable treatment option for patients with autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. To present additional data on this therapy and discuss strategies for more efficient clinical translation, leading experts in CAR T cell therapy for autoimmunity from various countries, including China, Germany, and the United States, convened at the “1st International Autoimmune CAR T Innovators Summit” in Grassau, Germany, from May 10–12, 2024. The summit showcased additional insights of CAR T cell therapy in diverse autoimmune diseases and provided platforms for discussions on key questions through workshops and roundtables. Here, we summarize the recent findings and key developments reported at the summit.
{"title":"CAR T cells in autoimmune disease: On the road to remission","authors":"Georg Schett, Carl H. June","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent reports have demonstrated that B cell-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells offer a viable treatment option for patients with autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. To present additional data on this therapy and discuss strategies for more efficient clinical translation, leading experts in CAR T cell therapy for autoimmunity from various countries, including China, Germany, and the United States, convened at the “1st International Autoimmune CAR T Innovators Summit” in Grassau, Germany, from May 10–12, 2024. The summit showcased additional insights of CAR T cell therapy in diverse autoimmune diseases and provided platforms for discussions on key questions through workshops and roundtables. Here, we summarize the recent findings and key developments reported at the summit.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.002
Saborni Chakraborty, Bowie Yik-Ling Cheng, Desmond L. Edwards, Joseph C. Gonzalez, David Kung-Chun Chiu, Hong Zheng, Courtney Scallan, Xinrong Guo, Gene S. Tan, Greg P. Coffey, Pamela B. Conley, Patrick S. Hume, William J. Janssen, Derek E. Byers, Philip A. Mudd, Jeffery Taubenberger, Matthew Memoli, Mark M. Davis, Katrin F. Chua, Michael S. Diamond, Taia T. Wang
While most respiratory viral infections resolve with little harm to the host, severe symptoms arise when infection triggers an aberrant inflammatory response that damages lung tissue. Host regulators of virally induced lung inflammation have not been well defined. Here, we show that enrichment for sialylated, but not asialylated immunoglobulin G (IgG), predicted mild influenza disease in humans and was broadly protective against heterologous influenza viruses in a murine challenge model. Mechanistic studies show that sialylated IgG mediated this protection by inducing the transcription factor repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which repressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-driven responses, preventing severe lung inflammation and protecting lung function during influenza infection. Therapeutic administration of a recombinant, sialylated Fc molecule in clinical development similarly activated REST and protected against severe influenza disease, demonstrating that this pathway could be clinically harnessed. Overall, induction of REST through sialylated IgG signaling is a strategy to limit inflammatory disease sequelae in infections caused by antigenically distinct influenza strains.
{"title":"Sialylated IgG induces the transcription factor REST in alveolar macrophages to protect against lung inflammation and severe influenza disease","authors":"Saborni Chakraborty, Bowie Yik-Ling Cheng, Desmond L. Edwards, Joseph C. Gonzalez, David Kung-Chun Chiu, Hong Zheng, Courtney Scallan, Xinrong Guo, Gene S. Tan, Greg P. Coffey, Pamela B. Conley, Patrick S. Hume, William J. Janssen, Derek E. Byers, Philip A. Mudd, Jeffery Taubenberger, Matthew Memoli, Mark M. Davis, Katrin F. Chua, Michael S. Diamond, Taia T. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"While most respiratory viral infections resolve with little harm to the host, severe symptoms arise when infection triggers an aberrant inflammatory response that damages lung tissue. Host regulators of virally induced lung inflammation have not been well defined. Here, we show that enrichment for sialylated, but not asialylated immunoglobulin G (IgG), predicted mild influenza disease in humans and was broadly protective against heterologous influenza viruses in a murine challenge model. Mechanistic studies show that sialylated IgG mediated this protection by inducing the transcription factor repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which repressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-driven responses, preventing severe lung inflammation and protecting lung function during influenza infection. Therapeutic administration of a recombinant, sialylated Fc molecule in clinical development similarly activated REST and protected against severe influenza disease, demonstrating that this pathway could be clinically harnessed. Overall, induction of REST through sialylated IgG signaling is a strategy to limit inflammatory disease sequelae in infections caused by antigenically distinct influenza strains.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.005
Andrea Dorfleutner, Christian Stehlik, Caroline A. Jefferies
The role of type I interferon (IFN-I) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well documented, but the role of interleukin (IL)-1β remains elusive. In this issue of Immunity, Caielli et al. identified an SLE monocyte population coproducing IL-1β and IFN-I and described how mitochondrial nucleic-acid-containing RBCs engage cGAS/STING, RIG-I, MDA5, and NLRP3 for unconventional IL-1β release.
{"title":"Mx1-ing it up—Mitochondrial relay for interferon-dependent, unconventional IL-1β release in SLE monocytes","authors":"Andrea Dorfleutner, Christian Stehlik, Caroline A. Jefferies","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"The role of type I interferon (IFN-I) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well documented, but the role of interleukin (IL)-1β remains elusive. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Caielli et al. identified an SLE monocyte population coproducing IL-1β and IFN-I and described how mitochondrial nucleic-acid-containing RBCs engage cGAS/STING, RIG-I, MDA5, and NLRP3 for unconventional IL-1β release.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008
Kalle Liimatta, Elina I. Zúñiga
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells adapt to diverse environments, providing local long-term protection. In this issue of Immunity, Obers et al. and Raynor et al. demonstrate how diet, commensals, and host factors determine TRM cell development, maintenance, and function across tissues.
组织驻留记忆 T 细胞（TRM）能适应不同的环境，提供局部长期保护。在本期《免疫》杂志上，Obers 等人和 Raynor 等人展示了饮食、共生动物和宿主因素如何决定 TRM 细胞在不同组织中的发育、维持和功能。
{"title":"Home at last: Mixed signals guide memory T cells to residency","authors":"Kalle Liimatta, Elina I. Zúñiga","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells adapt to diverse environments, providing local long-term protection. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Obers et al. and Raynor et al. demonstrate how diet, commensals, and host factors determine T<sub>RM</sub> cell development, maintenance, and function across tissues.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009
Elena Donders, Diether Lambrechts
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) remains a clinical challenge. Recently in Cancer Cell, Fu et al. reveal how TKIs reshape the immune microenvironment of LCBM and propose CTLA4 blockade as a promising strategy to overcome resistance.
{"title":"TKI resistance in brain metastasis: A CTLA4 state of mind","authors":"Elena Donders, Diether Lambrechts","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) remains a clinical challenge. Recently in <em>Cancer Cell</em>, Fu et al. reveal how TKIs reshape the immune microenvironment of LCBM and propose CTLA4 blockade as a promising strategy to overcome resistance.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006
Jan Remsik, Adrienne Boire
Insufficient influx of T cells into the tumor microenvironment, including brain metastasis, dramatically limits efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. In this issue of Immunity, Messmer et al. interrogate spatiotemporal dependencies of melanoma brain metastasis T cell infiltration by intravital microscopy. They find that T cells enter these brain tumors through peritumoral venous vessels and can be stimulated with immunotherapy.
T细胞涌入肿瘤微环境（包括脑转移瘤）不足，极大地限制了传统免疫疗法的疗效。在本期《免疫》杂志上，Messmer 等人通过体内显微镜研究了黑色素瘤脑转移瘤 T 细胞浸润的时空依赖性。他们发现，T细胞通过瘤周静脉血管进入这些脑瘤，并能通过免疫疗法得到刺激。
{"title":"T cells standing at the gates of brain metastasis","authors":"Jan Remsik, Adrienne Boire","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient influx of T cells into the tumor microenvironment, including brain metastasis, dramatically limits efficacy of conventional immunotherapy. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Messmer et al. interrogate spatiotemporal dependencies of melanoma brain metastasis T cell infiltration by intravital microscopy. They find that T cells enter these brain tumors through peritumoral venous vessels and can be stimulated with immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007
Ziyi Li, Ankur Sharma
The mechanisms by which oncogenic mutations and anatomical locations work together to influence the immune environment within tumors are not well understood. In this issue of Immunity, Ross et al. show that H3.3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are enriched with disease-associated myeloid cells (DAMs). Myeloid-targeted strategies reprogram DAMs to a homeostatic state, reduce myeloid infiltration into tumors, and prolong survival.
{"title":"Navigating the mutation maze: An oncogenic driver’s guide to macrophage reprogramming","authors":"Ziyi Li, Ankur Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms by which oncogenic mutations and anatomical locations work together to influence the immune environment within tumors are not well understood. In this issue of <em>Immunity</em>, Ross et al. show that H3.3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are enriched with disease-associated myeloid cells (DAMs). Myeloid-targeted strategies reprogram DAMs to a homeostatic state, reduce myeloid infiltration into tumors, and prolong survival.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.003
Julia Davis-Porada, Alex B. George, Nora Lam, Daniel P. Caron, Joshua I. Gray, Jenny Huang, Jennifer Hwu, Steven B. Wells, Rei Matsumoto, Masaru Kubota, YoonSeung Lee, Rory Morrison-Colvin, Isaac J. Jensen, Basak B. Ural, Namir Shaabani, Daniela Weiskopf, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Peter A. Szabo, John R. Teijaro, Donna L. Farber
Memory T and B cells in tissues are essential for protective immunity. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the tissue distribution, phenotype, durability, and transcriptional profile of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immune memory across blood, lymphoid organs, and lungs obtained from 63 vaccinated organ donors aged 23–86, some of whom experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Spike (S)-reactive memory T cells were detected in lymphoid organs and lungs and variably expressed tissue-resident markers based on infection history, and S-reactive B cells comprised class-switched memory cells resident in lymphoid organs. Compared with blood, S-reactive tissue memory T cells persisted for longer times post-vaccination and were more prevalent with age. S-reactive T cells displayed site-specific subset compositions and functions: regulatory cell profiles were enriched in tissues, while effector and cytolytic profiles were more abundant in circulation. Our findings reveal functional compartmentalization of vaccine-induced T cell memory where surveilling effectors and in situ regulatory responses confer protection with minimal tissue damage.
组织中的记忆性 T 细胞和 B 细胞对保护性免疫至关重要。在这里，我们对 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗诱导的免疫记忆在血液、淋巴器官和肺部的组织分布、表型、持久性和转录谱进行了全面分析，研究对象是 63 名年龄在 23-86 岁之间的器官捐献者，其中一些人曾感染过 SARS-CoV-2。在淋巴器官和肺部检测到尖峰（S）反应记忆T细胞，并根据感染史不同表达不同的组织驻留标记，S反应B细胞包括驻留在淋巴器官的类调换记忆细胞。与血液相比，S反应性组织记忆T细胞在接种疫苗后持续存在的时间更长，而且随着年龄的增长更为普遍。S 反应性 T 细胞显示出特定部位的亚群组成和功能：调节细胞特征在组织中更为丰富，而效应细胞和细胞溶解特征在循环中更为丰富。我们的研究结果揭示了疫苗诱导的 T 细胞记忆的功能分区，在这些分区中，监测效应细胞和原位调节反应可提供保护，同时将组织损伤降到最低。
{"title":"Maintenance and functional regulation of immune memory to COVID-19 vaccines in tissues","authors":"Julia Davis-Porada, Alex B. George, Nora Lam, Daniel P. Caron, Joshua I. Gray, Jenny Huang, Jennifer Hwu, Steven B. Wells, Rei Matsumoto, Masaru Kubota, YoonSeung Lee, Rory Morrison-Colvin, Isaac J. Jensen, Basak B. Ural, Namir Shaabani, Daniela Weiskopf, Alba Grifoni, Alessandro Sette, Peter A. Szabo, John R. Teijaro, Donna L. Farber","doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Memory T and B cells in tissues are essential for protective immunity. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the tissue distribution, phenotype, durability, and transcriptional profile of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immune memory across blood, lymphoid organs, and lungs obtained from 63 vaccinated organ donors aged 23–86, some of whom experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Spike (S)-reactive memory T cells were detected in lymphoid organs and lungs and variably expressed tissue-resident markers based on infection history, and S-reactive B cells comprised class-switched memory cells resident in lymphoid organs. Compared with blood, S-reactive tissue memory T cells persisted for longer times post-vaccination and were more prevalent with age. S-reactive T cells displayed site-specific subset compositions and functions: regulatory cell profiles were enriched in tissues, while effector and cytolytic profiles were more abundant in circulation. Our findings reveal functional compartmentalization of vaccine-induced T cell memory where surveilling effectors and <em>in situ</em> regulatory responses confer protection with minimal tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":13269,"journal":{"name":"Immunity","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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