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Pineapple leaves waste — a potential feedstock for production of value-added products in biorefinery 菠萝叶废料——生物炼制中生产增值产品的潜在原料
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1795
The pineapple leaves (PL) left over in the fields after pineapple harvest or burnt out, generate waste which contributes to the release of greenhouse gases. As pineapple is one of the most harvested crops in the world, the quantity of pineapple trash and its disposal methods are challenging. The composition of PL waste makes it unique to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and other useful products. This review is focused on the production of different biorefinery products and miscellaneous products from PL waste. The high cellulose content in PL makes it a potential feedstock for the production of different biorefinery products like bioethanol, oligosaccharides, nitrocellulose, and humic acid apart from this, waste is also useful for the production of different products like pineapple leaf fibres, fake eyelashes, organic leather, pulp and paper. Although the opportunities, future perspectives, and challenges concerning PL waste utilization to value-added goods were also addressed. It has been demonstrated that pineapple waste conversions lower waste creation, and the products produced by the conversion would promote the ‘waste-to-wealth’ notion.
菠萝收获后,菠萝叶(PL)留在田地里或被烧毁,产生废物,有助于释放温室气体。由于菠萝是世界上收获最多的作物之一,菠萝垃圾的数量及其处理方法具有挑战性。PL废物的组成使其独特的,以满足日益增长的需求,可再生能源和其他有用的产品。本文综述了利用PL废弃物生产各种生物炼制产品和杂项产品的情况。PL中的高纤维素含量使其成为生产不同生物精炼产品(如生物乙醇、低聚糖、硝化纤维素和腐植酸)的潜在原料,除此之外,废物还可用于生产菠萝叶纤维、假睫毛、有机皮革、纸浆和纸张等不同产品。虽然机会,未来的前景和挑战有关物流废物利用增值商品也解决了。研究表明,菠萝废弃物的转化降低了废弃物的产生,而转化产生的产品将促进“废物转化财富”的理念。
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引用次数: 0
Green synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of fungal asparaginase from Aspergillus terreus conjugated on MgO-ZnO nanocomposite against liver cancer cells 氧化镁-氧化锌纳米复合材料结合地曲霉真菌天冬酰胺酶的绿色合成、表征及抗癌活性研究
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1642
L-Asparaginase exists as an effective chemotherapeutic drug for various cancer cell types. However, the L-asparaginase enzyme in its free state is unstable and has reduced half-life period with numerous side effects. Here, as a green synthesis approach, we have tried a nanocarrier to reduce its side effects and thereby the environmental pollution and toxicity. We used leaf extract of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, commonly called Pignut, Wild spikenard or Horsehound, to produce a Mg-ZnO nanocomposite, which has antitumor activity by arresting the cell cycle of tumour cells. To the synthesized nanocomposite, extracted L-asparaginase enzyme from Aspergillus terreus was impregnated. The presence of ZnO helps to preserve the biological activity of immobilized L-asparaginase along with MgO making the nanocarrier biocompatible and biodegradable. This helps in increasing the stability and anticancer property of the L-asparaginase. The enzyme-impregnated nanobiocomposite was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy which ensured the existence of the Asp-Mg-ZnO in the nanobiocomposite. The presence of functional group and the crystallinity nature of the nanobiocomposite were studied using FT-IR and XRD, respectively. The morphological structure and elemental composition of the nanobiocomposite were determined using the SEM-EDAX. The anticancer activity of the synthesized Asp-Mg-ZnO nanobiocomposite was determined using the MTT assay, which helped to determine the viability and proliferation capacity of the cancer cells.
l -天冬酰胺酶作为一种有效的化疗药物存在于各种类型的癌细胞中。然而,游离状态下的l -天冬酰胺酶不稳定,半衰期缩短,副作用多。在这里,作为一种绿色合成方法,我们尝试了一种纳米载体来减少其副作用,从而减少对环境的污染和毒性。本研究以中叶植物(Mesosphaerum suaveolens, L.)的叶提取物为原料。Kuntze,通常被称为Pignut, Wild spikenard或horhound,生产Mg-ZnO纳米复合材料,通过阻止肿瘤细胞的细胞周期具有抗肿瘤活性。对从土曲霉中提取的l -天冬酰胺酶进行浸渍制备纳米复合材料。氧化锌和氧化镁的存在有助于保持固定化l -天冬酰胺酶的生物活性,使纳米载体具有生物相容性和可生物降解性。这有助于增加l -天冬酰胺酶的稳定性和抗癌特性。利用紫外可见光谱对酶浸纳米复合材料进行了表征,确定了Asp-Mg-ZnO在纳米复合材料中存在。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)和x射线衍射(XRD)对纳米生物复合材料的结晶性和官能团的存在进行了表征。利用SEM-EDAX测定了纳米生物复合材料的形态结构和元素组成。采用MTT法测定合成的Asp-Mg-ZnO纳米生物复合材料的抗癌活性,从而确定其癌细胞的生存能力和增殖能力。
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引用次数: 0
Ameliorating effects of crude fucoidan extracts from Sargassum spp. obtained from Penghu Islands, Taiwan 台湾澎湖马尾藻褐藻聚糖粗提物的改良作用
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1794
The predominant species of seaweed in Taiwan's coastal waters is Sargassum species, which exhibits a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Methods: Four Sargassum species (S. crassifolium, S. siliquosum, S. hemiphyllum, and S. hemiphyllum var. chinense) were used to produce eight fucoidan extracts, namely SC, SCH, SS, SSH, SH, SHH, SHC, and SHCH. These extracts were produced with or without a compressional puffing pretreatment. The compressional-puffing process increased the extraction yield of fucoidan and decreased levels of impurities (proteins and polyphenols). Among the eight fucoidans, SS (IC50 DPPH 0.46±0.01 mg/mL; IC50 ABTS•+ 0.09±0.00 mg/mL; FRAP value 67.4±0.9 μmol/g extract, vitamin C equivalent) and SHC (IC50 DPPH 0.53±0.17 mg/mL; IC50 ABTS•+ 0.11±0.00 mg/mL; FRAP value 55.1±0.6 μmol/g extract, vitamin C equivalent) displayed the highest antioxidant activity; SS (36.4±10.1% at 5 mg/mL for alpha-amylase; 96.3±0.2% at 1 mg/mL for alpha-glucosidase) and SHC (35.0±2.2% at 5 mg/mL for alpha-amylase; 96.5±0.2% at 1 mg/mL for alpha-glucosidase) showed the strongest alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities; SH, SHH, and SHC had the most potent anti-inflammatory activity; and SHH had a greatest protective effect against damage to pancreatic cells. Hence, SS, SH, SHH, and SHC may be effective health-promoting agents for nutraceutical products.
台湾近岸海藻的优势种是马尾藻,具有广泛的生物活性。方法:以四种马尾藻(S. crassifolium, S. siliquosum, S. hemiphyllum, S. hemiphyllum var. chinense)为原料,制备SC、SCH、SS、SSH、SH、SHH、SHC、SHCH八种岩藻多糖提取物。这些提取物有或没有压缩膨化预处理。压缩膨化工艺提高了岩藻聚糖的提取率,降低了杂质(蛋白质和多酚)的含量。8种岩藻多糖中,SS (IC50 DPPH 0.46±0.01 mg/mL;IC50 ABTS•+ 0.09±0.00 mg/mL;FRAP值67.4±0.9 μmol/g提取物,相当于维生素C)和SHC (IC50 DPPH 0.53±0.17 mg/mL;IC50 ABTS•+ 0.11±0.00 mg/mL;FRAP值为55.1±0.6 μmol/g,相当于维生素C),抗氧化活性最高;α -淀粉酶(36.4±10.1%,5 mg/mL);α -葡萄糖苷酶在1 mg/mL时为96.3±0.2%),α -淀粉酶在5 mg/mL时为35.0±2.2%;α -葡萄糖苷酶(96.5±0.2%,1 mg/mL)对α -淀粉酶和α -葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最强;SH、SHH和SHC具有最强的抗炎活性;SHH对胰腺细胞的损伤有最大的保护作用。因此,SS、SH、SHH和SHC可能是营养保健品中有效的健康促进剂。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Quillaja saponaria Molina bark extract and its antivenom activities 皂角树皮提取物合成纳米银及其抗蛇毒血清活性研究
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1653
Snakebite is an issue of concern, especially in India which accounts for half of the global deaths due to venomous snakebites every year. Saponins are glycosides of triterpenes and steroids known for their antivenom properties. The soap bark tree or Quillaya, Quillaja saponaria Molina represents the major resource of saponins for commercial applications. Here, we investigated the antivenom property of silver nanoparticle mediated saponins (AgNP-SP) from the Q. saponaria bark extract. AgNP-SP was prepared conducive to optimal temperature, pH of extract and concentration of AgNO3. UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD, TEM and SEM interpretations were devised to characterize AgNP-SP. AgNP-SP was tested for its efficacy to neutralize venom lethality and increase in myotoxicity biomarkers (LDH) in animal models. AgNP-SP was synthesized optimally at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, extract (pH 6.8) and temperature (80°C) with AgNO3 (1 mM). The colour change and synthesis of AgNP-SP was examined by UV–Vis analysis at 430 nm. TEM studies showed the size for AgNP-SP to be 74.4 nm. FT-IR analysis showed peaks of AgNP-SP at 3422 cm−1 and 2926 (O–H stretching), 2358 cm−1 (O=C=O stretching), 1616 cm−1 (C=C stretching), 1097 cm−1 (C–F stretching), 813 cm−1 (C–CL stretching) and 651 cm−1 (C–Br stretching). The EDAX established the purity of the AgNP-SP. The biosynthesized AgNP-SP could significantly neutralize Vipera russelli venom (VRV) mediated elevation of biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum creatinine and serum uric acid. The present study, thus promulgates the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticle mediated saponins (AgNP-SP) in ameliorating the biochemical and pharmacological effect of haemotoxic snake venom in animal models.
蛇咬伤是一个令人担忧的问题,特别是在印度,每年因毒蛇咬伤而死亡的人数占全球的一半。皂苷是三萜和类固醇的糖苷,以其抗蛇毒血清的特性而闻名。皂皮树或奎拉亚,奎拉亚皂角是商业应用中皂苷的主要来源。本文研究了皂角树皮提取物中银纳米颗粒介导的皂苷(AgNP-SP)的抗蛇毒血清特性。制备AgNP-SP的最佳温度、浸提液的pH和AgNO3的浓度。采用UV-VIS、FT-IR、XRD、TEM和SEM对AgNP-SP进行了表征。在动物模型中测试了AgNP-SP中和毒液致死和增加肌毒性生物标志物(LDH)的功效。AgNP-SP的最佳合成条件为:提取液浓度为50 mg/mL,提取液pH为6.8,温度为80℃,AgNO3浓度为1 mM。用紫外-可见光谱分析了AgNP-SP的颜色变化和合成情况。TEM研究表明,AgNP-SP的尺寸为74.4 nm。FT-IR分析显示,AgNP-SP峰位于3422 cm−1和2926 (O - h拉伸)、2358 cm−1 (O=C=O拉伸)、1616 cm−1 (C=C拉伸)、1097 cm−1 (C - f拉伸)、813 cm−1 (C - cl拉伸)和651 cm−1 (C - br拉伸)。EDAX法确定了AgNP-SP的纯度。生物合成AgNP-SP能显著中和蝮蛇毒(VRV)介导的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血清谷氨酸丙酮转氨酶(SGPT)、血清谷草转氨酶(SGOT)、血清肌酐和血清尿酸升高。因此,本研究揭示了银纳米颗粒介导的皂苷(AgNP-SP)在改善蛇毒血液毒性动物模型的生化和药理作用方面的治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in photobioreactor using municipal wastewater for biofuel 城市污水为生物燃料的光生物反应器中普通小球藻的培养
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.1640
Microalgae, with their potential applications, particularly in food industry and Livestock feed as well as biofuel, has gained considerable attention in recent decades. As their culture using commercial media is expensive, an integrated approach using municipal wastewater is considered for simultaneous biomass production. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the growth and biochemical composition of the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown in municipal wastewater. Cultures in vertical column photobioreactor in outdoor/indoor conditions were also compared. C. vulgaris showed significantly higher (P <0.05) cell density, biomass, specific growth rate, lipid and carbohydrate in indoor culture condition than outdoor comparatively. Saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids containing 14-18 carbon molecules were significantly higher (P <0.05) in indoor culture. The result suggests that wastewater could be used as a low cost medium to grow C. vulgaris to obtain higher biomass and lipids.
近几十年来,微藻因其潜在的应用前景,特别是在食品工业和牲畜饲料以及生物燃料方面,受到了相当大的关注。由于使用商业培养基培养它们的成本昂贵,因此考虑使用城市废水的综合方法来同时生产生物质。因此,本研究对生长在城市污水中的绿色微藻小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长和生化组成进行了研究。并比较了室内和室外条件下竖柱式光生物反应器的培养效果。室内培养条件下的黄颡鱼细胞密度、生物量、特定生长率、脂肪和碳水化合物均显著高于室外(P <0.05)。含14-18碳分子的饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸在室内培养中显著升高(P <0.05)。结果表明,废水可以作为低成本的培养基来种植普通草,以获得更高的生物量和脂质。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic effects of computerized tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation on malignant lung tumors CT引导下经皮微波消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤的疗效观察
4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i10.5839
Lung cancer is a common clinical malignancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of computerized tomography ()-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) on malignant lung tumors. Sixty patients in our hospital enrolled between January 2015 and January 2017 were picked up as subjects. They were allocated into control group (30 malignant lung cancer patients underwent chemotherapy) and observation group (thirty patients received CT-guided percutaneous MWA). Later, comparisons of the objective response rate, tumor markers in serum, prevalence rate of untoward effects, long-term survival rate, relapse rate and quality-of-life (QoL) score were implemented. MWA patients showed an objective response rate of 66.7% (the rate was 40.00% in chemotherapy group; P <0.05). Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and CA153 had lower levels after MWA in both groups than those before MWA (P <0.05) (this tendency was especially striking in observation group; P <0.05). In MWA patients, totally 10.00% of patients showed untoward effects (this was 33.33% in chemotherapy patients; P <0.05). The QoL scores were higher after MWA in both groups than those before MWA (P <0.05), especially in the observation group (P <0.05). For patients with malignant lung tumors, CT-guided percutaneous MWA may augment the short-term efficacy, control the tumor progression, relieve the adverse reactions and long-term local recurrence, increase the survival rate for a long term and improve the QoL during survival.
肺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤。在本研究中,我们旨在评估计算机断层扫描(ct)引导下经皮微波消融(MWA)对肺部恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。选取2015年1月至2017年1月在我院就诊的60例患者作为研究对象。将其分为对照组(30例恶性肺癌患者行化疗)和观察组(30例患者行ct引导下经皮MWA)。比较客观有效率、血清肿瘤标志物、不良反应发生率、长期生存率、复发率和生活质量评分。MWA患者客观有效率为66.7%(化疗组为40.00%;P & lt; 0.05)。两组患者术后血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原125 (CA125)、CA153水平均低于术前(P <0.05),其中观察组的趋势尤为显著;P & lt; 0.05)。在MWA患者中,共有10.00%的患者出现不良反应(化疗患者为33.33%;P & lt; 0.05)。两组患者治疗后的生活质量评分均高于治疗前(P <0.05),其中观察组患者的生活质量评分最高(P <0.05)。对于恶性肺肿瘤患者,ct引导下经皮MWA可增强短期疗效,控制肿瘤进展,减轻不良反应和远期局部复发,提高长期生存率,改善生存期生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effect of melatonin on cisplatin induced acute kidney injury: Role of regulation of heat shock proteins expressions 褪黑素对顺铂急性肾损伤的保护作用:对热休克蛋白表达的调节作用
IF 0.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i09.5135
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引用次数: 0
Physiological Consequences of Immune Aging at Organs Level: A Mini-review 免疫衰老在器官水平上的生理后果:一个小综述
IF 0.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i09.3638
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引用次数: 0
Development of recombinant sialidase (NanH) protein-based Indirect-ELISA for epidemiological survey of anti-Pasteurella multocida antibodies in bovines 重组唾液酸酶(NanH)蛋白间接ELISA用于牛多杀性巴氏杆菌抗体流行病学调查的研究
IF 0.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i09.3872
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引用次数: 0
Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portulacastrum against lipopolysaccharide/ D-galactosamine- induced hepatotoxicity in mice 马齿苋对脂多糖/ d -半乳糖胺所致小鼠肝毒性的保护作用
IF 0.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.56042/ijeb.v61i09.3784
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Indian journal of experimental biology
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