Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1357510
Münire Findik
The properties of the soils in terms of engineering must be identified for the design of buildings and foundations to be constructed in areas where soft clay or loose sand ground conditions predominate. The engineering properties of different soils diversify in a broad range based on the sort of the ground in addition to the terrain conditions like the degree of compaction, water content, consolidation pressure, loading, and drainage conditions. Grounds may not perpetually hold the desired properties. Thanks to the structures to be built on the grounds, excessive settlements or collapses can happen because of inadequate ground bearing capacity. In order to reinforce the weaknesses of the soils, either the application of a deep foundation should be employed, or a proper improvement method should be applied to the foundation ground.In the study, the effect of the reinforcement of the geotextile, which has become widespread, on the clay ground was examined. Experiments have been conducted to identify the index properties, settlement, and sliding resistance parameters of soils on Süleyman Demirel University Soil Mechanics Laboratory on clay samples from the provinces of İzmir and İstanbul. Following the identification of the settlement and sliding values, the geotextile was added, and its effect on the settlement and bearing strength values was analyzed. Experiments were conducted by placing single-layered and double-layered geotextile in the samples with the values of optimum water content, the water content 10% more than the optimum value, and the water content 10% less than the optimum value.The results achieved after laboratory experiments are displayed with graphics and compared with each other.
{"title":"The Experimental Analysis Of The Effect Of Geotextile Reinforcement Of Cohesive Soil On The Settlement And Bearing Capacity","authors":"Münire Findik","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1357510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1357510","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of the soils in terms of engineering must be identified for the design of buildings and foundations to be constructed in areas where soft clay or loose sand ground conditions predominate. The engineering properties of different soils diversify in a broad range based on the sort of the ground in addition to the terrain conditions like the degree of compaction, water content, consolidation pressure, loading, and drainage conditions. Grounds may not perpetually hold the desired properties. Thanks to the structures to be built on the grounds, excessive settlements or collapses can happen because of inadequate ground bearing capacity. In order to reinforce the weaknesses of the soils, either the application of a deep foundation should be employed, or a proper improvement method should be applied to the foundation ground.In the study, the effect of the reinforcement of the geotextile, which has become widespread, on the clay ground was examined. Experiments have been conducted to identify the index properties, settlement, and sliding resistance parameters of soils on Süleyman Demirel University Soil Mechanics Laboratory on clay samples from the provinces of İzmir and İstanbul. Following the identification of the settlement and sliding values, the geotextile was added, and its effect on the settlement and bearing strength values was analyzed. Experiments were conducted by placing single-layered and double-layered geotextile in the samples with the values of optimum water content, the water content 10% more than the optimum value, and the water content 10% less than the optimum value.The results achieved after laboratory experiments are displayed with graphics and compared with each other.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1261182
Sahra Dandil, Abdullah Düzgün
In this study, cross-linked spheres (CS) were synthesized with chitosan and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to be used in Reactive Blue 3R (RB3R) and Red P4BN (RP4BN) dye adsorption from wastewater. Surface characteristics of the CS were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The behavior of the adsorption processes with varying effective parameters were investigated. The highest removals were obtained at pH 3 for the RB3R and RP4BN removal processes as 62.8 and 74.2%, respectively. The equilibrium time of the processes was determined as 150 min. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model best explained the adsorption rates of the processes. The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted to define the adsorption mechanisms for both dyes. The positive ΔH values obtained as 24.27 and 16.59 kJ mol−1 for the RB3R and RP4BN adsorption processes, respectively, showed that the processes were endothermic. For the RB3R and RP4BN dye removal processes, ΔS values were calculated as 93.38 and 72.23 J mol−1K−1, respectively. Positive ΔS value indicates the processes that occur with an increase in disorder at the interface. The results described that the CS can be used in the adsorption of RB3R and RP4BN dyes from wastewater.
{"title":"Effective Dye Adsorption with Cross-linked Hexagonal Boron Nitride Spheres","authors":"Sahra Dandil, Abdullah Düzgün","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1261182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1261182","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, cross-linked spheres (CS) were synthesized with chitosan and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to be used in Reactive Blue 3R (RB3R) and Red P4BN (RP4BN) dye adsorption from wastewater. Surface characteristics of the CS were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The behavior of the adsorption processes with varying effective parameters were investigated. The highest removals were obtained at pH 3 for the RB3R and RP4BN removal processes as 62.8 and 74.2%, respectively. The equilibrium time of the processes was determined as 150 min. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model best explained the adsorption rates of the processes. The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted to define the adsorption mechanisms for both dyes. The positive ΔH values obtained as 24.27 and 16.59 kJ mol−1 for the RB3R and RP4BN adsorption processes, respectively, showed that the processes were endothermic. For the RB3R and RP4BN dye removal processes, ΔS values were calculated as 93.38 and 72.23 J mol−1K−1, respectively. Positive ΔS value indicates the processes that occur with an increase in disorder at the interface. The results described that the CS can be used in the adsorption of RB3R and RP4BN dyes from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1208083
Lucia Galovičová, Natália Čmiková, V. Valková, M. Kačániová
Essential oils have a diverse spectrum of biological activities, they are also low-toxic, and easily degradable in the human body. These properties make them suitable candidates for the protection and shelf-life extension of agricultural products. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the vapor phase of Thymus mastichina essential oil against microorganisms on model fruit and vegetable crops. To compare the efficacy of vapor phase essential oil with contact application using the disc diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. Based on the methods we used, we concluded that Thymus mastichina essential has higher efficacy in a vapor application. For most of the tested microorganisms and on all the tested crops, the most significant inhibition was detected at the lowest tested concentration of 62.5 µL/L. Only moderate antimicrobial activity was detected in contact application and lower efficacy compared to antibiotics. These findings suggest that in the future Thymus mastichina essential oil could find application in crop storage to prevent crop deterioration due to microbial pathogens. Due to the need for low concentrations, it is assumed that the sensory properties of the crop for the consumer will not be affected. The replacement of synthetic fungicides and bactericides with natural alternatives could have a positive impact on the environment.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of the vapor phase of Thymus mastichina essential oil","authors":"Lucia Galovičová, Natália Čmiková, V. Valková, M. Kačániová","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1208083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1208083","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils have a diverse spectrum of biological activities, they are also low-toxic, and easily degradable in the human body. These properties make them suitable candidates for the protection and shelf-life extension of agricultural products. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the vapor phase of Thymus mastichina essential oil against microorganisms on model fruit and vegetable crops. To compare the efficacy of vapor phase essential oil with contact application using the disc diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. Based on the methods we used, we concluded that Thymus mastichina essential has higher efficacy in a vapor application. For most of the tested microorganisms and on all the tested crops, the most significant inhibition was detected at the lowest tested concentration of 62.5 µL/L. Only moderate antimicrobial activity was detected in contact application and lower efficacy compared to antibiotics. These findings suggest that in the future Thymus mastichina essential oil could find application in crop storage to prevent crop deterioration due to microbial pathogens. Due to the need for low concentrations, it is assumed that the sensory properties of the crop for the consumer will not be affected. The replacement of synthetic fungicides and bactericides with natural alternatives could have a positive impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1206873
V. Valková, H. Ďúranová, Lucia Galovičová, N. Vukovic, Milena D. Vukić, M. Kačániová
Current research aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of commercially available Mentha arvensis essential oil (mint, MEO). The identification of the volatile substances was done using Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 42 components representing 99.5% of the total oil were identified. The main compounds in the oil were menthol (37.3%), menthone (17.4%), neo-menthol (14.1%), and 1,8-cineole (4.9%). Antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) demonstrate only weak activity for the MEO in values 195.00 ± 5.30 μg TEAC.mL-1, with 22.8 ± 1.2% free radical-scavenging inhibition. Evaluation of in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of MEO (in four concentrations: 62.5 µL/L, 125 µL/L, 250 µL/L, and 250 µL/L) against three strains of Penicillium (P.) spp. fungi strains (P. expansum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum) were assessed by disc diffusion method and vapor contact method on the carrot as model food, respectively. The suitability of carrots as a substrate for analyzes was verified by determining moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw), which showed values of 82.80 ± 2.33% and 0.959 ± 0.001, respectively. MEO exhibited promising antifungal activity against analyzed strains of test fungi as a diameter of zones of inhibition (from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 12.33 ± 1.14 mm), as well as the effectiveness of this oil was detected on the carrot model (from -5.41 ± 7.35 to 100.00 ± 0.00%). Moreover, it can be concluded that the growth inhibition of fungi strains significantly depends (P < 0.05) on the concentration of the MEO used in both procedures. Our results suggest that MEO, as a promising natural antifungal agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of food products including carrots.
{"title":"Antifungal Efficacy of Mint Essential Oil Against Penicillium spp. Inoculated on Carrots","authors":"V. Valková, H. Ďúranová, Lucia Galovičová, N. Vukovic, Milena D. Vukić, M. Kačániová","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1206873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1206873","url":null,"abstract":"Current research aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of commercially available Mentha arvensis essential oil (mint, MEO). The identification of the volatile substances was done using Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 42 components representing 99.5% of the total oil were identified. The main compounds in the oil were menthol (37.3%), menthone (17.4%), neo-menthol (14.1%), and 1,8-cineole (4.9%). Antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) demonstrate only weak activity for the MEO in values 195.00 ± 5.30 μg TEAC.mL-1, with 22.8 ± 1.2% free radical-scavenging inhibition. Evaluation of in vitro and in situ antifungal activities of MEO (in four concentrations: 62.5 µL/L, 125 µL/L, 250 µL/L, and 250 µL/L) against three strains of Penicillium (P.) spp. fungi strains (P. expansum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum) were assessed by disc diffusion method and vapor contact method on the carrot as model food, respectively. The suitability of carrots as a substrate for analyzes was verified by determining moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw), which showed values of 82.80 ± 2.33% and 0.959 ± 0.001, respectively. MEO exhibited promising antifungal activity against analyzed strains of test fungi as a diameter of zones of inhibition (from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 12.33 ± 1.14 mm), as well as the effectiveness of this oil was detected on the carrot model (from -5.41 ± 7.35 to 100.00 ± 0.00%). Moreover, it can be concluded that the growth inhibition of fungi strains significantly depends (P < 0.05) on the concentration of the MEO used in both procedures. Our results suggest that MEO, as a promising natural antifungal agent, can be applied in the innovative packaging of food products including carrots.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114938878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1240583
M. Tosun, S. Sofuoglu
In this study, an approach for artificial neural network (ANN) was presented to predict and control arithmetical mean surface roughness value (Ra), machining properties of wood materials densified by compressing in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) tree species were used as the experimental material. After specimens were densified by Thermo-Mechanical (TM) method at 0%, 20%, and 40% ratios, machining process of specimens were performed at 1000, 1500, and 2000 mm/min feed speeds and in 12000, 15000, 18000 rpm rotation speed on a CNC vertical wood machining center by using two different cutters. Data used for the training and testing of an ANN. Cutter type, compression ratio, feed rate, and spindle speed were selected as Four parameters. While hidden layer of the Ra model has ten neurons, one hidden layer was used, Compression ratio is the most significant parameter, followed by feed speed for Ra values. surface roughness increases with increased feed rate. Ra values in training, validation, and testing the data set for Ra were 0.97122, 0.8538, and 0.76685, respectively. The Mean Square Error (MSE) value was determined as 0.0019914 test of the network. The proposed ANN model came to agreement with the measured values in predicting surface roughness Ra values of MAPE. The MAPE value was calculated as 6.61, which can be considered a very good prediction (MAPE< 10 % = very good prediction). The study showed that obtained ANN prediction model is a practical and efficient tool to model the Ra of wood. For reducing energy, time and cost in the wood industry (densification and CNC wood machining), current research results can be implemented.
提出了一种利用人工神经网络(ANN)预测和控制数控机床压缩密实木材加工性能的算术平均表面粗糙度值(Ra)的方法。以黑杨(Populus nigra L.)树种为实验材料。在数控立式木材加工中心上，用两种刀具分别在1000、1500、2000 mm/min的进给速度和12000、15000、18000 rpm的转速下对试件进行热机械(TM)密实处理。用于人工神经网络训练和测试的数据。选择刀具类型、压缩比、进给速率和主轴转速为4个参数。Ra模型的隐含层有10个神经元，我们使用1个隐含层，压缩比是Ra值最重要的参数，其次是进给速度。表面粗糙度随进给量的增加而增加。Ra在训练、验证和测试数据集中的值分别为0.97122、0.8538和0.76685。确定网络的均方误差(MSE)值为0.0019914。在预测MAPE表面粗糙度Ra值时，所建立的人工神经网络模型与实测值吻合较好。计算得出MAPE值为6.61，可以认为是非常好的预测(MAPE< 10% =非常好的预测)。研究表明，所得到的人工神经网络预测模型是一种实用、有效的木材Ra建模工具。为了降低木材工业(致密化和数控木材加工)的能源、时间和成本，可以实施目前的研究成果。
{"title":"The use of an artificial neural network for predicting the machining characterizing of wood materials densified by compressing","authors":"M. Tosun, S. Sofuoglu","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1240583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1240583","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an approach for artificial neural network (ANN) was presented to predict and control arithmetical mean surface roughness value (Ra), machining properties of wood materials densified by compressing in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) tree species were used as the experimental material. After specimens were densified by Thermo-Mechanical (TM) method at 0%, 20%, and 40% ratios, machining process of specimens were performed at 1000, 1500, and 2000 mm/min feed speeds and in 12000, 15000, 18000 rpm rotation speed on a CNC vertical wood machining center by using two different cutters. Data used for the training and testing of an ANN. Cutter type, compression ratio, feed rate, and spindle speed were selected as Four parameters. While hidden layer of the Ra model has ten neurons, one hidden layer was used, Compression ratio is the most significant parameter, followed by feed speed for Ra values. surface roughness increases with increased feed rate. Ra values in training, validation, and testing the data set for Ra were 0.97122, 0.8538, and 0.76685, respectively. The Mean Square Error (MSE) value was determined as 0.0019914 test of the network. The proposed ANN model came to agreement with the measured values in predicting surface roughness Ra values of MAPE. The MAPE value was calculated as 6.61, which can be considered a very good prediction (MAPE< 10 % = very good prediction). The study showed that obtained ANN prediction model is a practical and efficient tool to model the Ra of wood. For reducing energy, time and cost in the wood industry (densification and CNC wood machining), current research results can be implemented.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1203138
S. Birer
The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Cynodon, Zoysia and Paspalum genera and species, which are widely used in multi-purpose turf field facilities in temperate climate zones. All of these varieties are defined as warm climate grass. The genus Cynodan includes the most widely used species, especially with its resistance to high temperatures. Compared to other hot climate grass plants, Zoysia is successfully used in the formation of green areas with species that have very good shade tolerance and low temperature tolerance. Paspalum includes species that stand out with their resistance to salinity, drought and oppression, and it is successfully applied in erosion control as well as creating turf fields for different purposes.
{"title":"Characteristics Of Some Warm Climate Grass Plants Commonly Used In Green Field Plant","authors":"S. Birer","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1203138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1203138","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Cynodon, Zoysia and Paspalum genera and species, which are widely used in multi-purpose turf field facilities in temperate climate zones. All of these varieties are defined as warm climate grass. The genus Cynodan includes the most widely used species, especially with its resistance to high temperatures. Compared to other hot climate grass plants, Zoysia is successfully used in the formation of green areas with species that have very good shade tolerance and low temperature tolerance. Paspalum includes species that stand out with their resistance to salinity, drought and oppression, and it is successfully applied in erosion control as well as creating turf fields for different purposes.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127127247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1227329
Asli Gul Yalci̇ndag, M. Dursun, Nazli Goker
The "Great Istanbul Earthquake" is expected to occur in Istanbul within the next 10 years. Preparations have long been made for the great Istanbul earthquake, which is expected to cause heavy loss of life and property. One of the important parts of earthquake preparedness is the disaster logistics warehouses, where emergency supplies and shelter equipment are stored to be dispatched to earthquake victims. The aim of this study is determining the optimal locations of the warehouses in order to deliver the aid materials to the points of need as soon as possible and to meet the needs in the event of a possible large earthquake in Istanbul. The model was set up in two steps to determine the number of warehouses to be opened with the set covering problem in the first step, and to minimize the weighted distance with p-median in the second step. The established model was solved using The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and the optimum scenario was decided according to the results and the scenarios were mapped.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Warehouse Location Alternatives for Possible Great Istanbul Earthquake","authors":"Asli Gul Yalci̇ndag, M. Dursun, Nazli Goker","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1227329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1227329","url":null,"abstract":"The \"Great Istanbul Earthquake\" is expected to occur in Istanbul within the next 10 years. Preparations have long been made for the great Istanbul earthquake, which is expected to cause heavy loss of life and property. One of the important parts of earthquake preparedness is the disaster logistics warehouses, where emergency supplies and shelter equipment are stored to be dispatched to earthquake victims. The aim of this study is determining the optimal locations of the warehouses in order to deliver the aid materials to the points of need as soon as possible and to meet the needs in the event of a possible large earthquake in Istanbul. The model was set up in two steps to determine the number of warehouses to be opened with the set covering problem in the first step, and to minimize the weighted distance with p-median in the second step. The established model was solved using The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), and the optimum scenario was decided according to the results and the scenarios were mapped.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1208483
H. Ďúranová, V. Valková, Lucia Galovičová, N. Vukovic, Milena D. Vukić, M. Kačániová
Attention of the scientific community has still focused on application of essential oils (EOs) as natural antifungal agents in the food industry to prolong the shelf-life of food products. In this regard, the current study was designed to evaluate chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal (in vitro, in situ) activities of spearmint (Mentha spicata var. crispa) essential oil (SEO) commercially obtained from Slovak company against selected Penicillium species. The EO was used in four concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µL/L) chosen, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DPPH, agar disc diffusion and vapor phase methods were employed for such analyses. Our results revealed carvone (57.5%) and α-limonene (17.6%) to be the principal constituents in the EO chemical composition. Although only a weak antioxidant capacity (20.40 ± 0.80% free radical-scavenging inhibition) was displayed by the SEO, the highest EO concentration (500 µL/L) was shown to be a moderate growth inhibitor of P. expansum (inhibition zone of 11.46 ± 0.63 mm) and P. crustosum (inhibition zones of 12.93 ± 0.46 mm). The growth of P. citrinum was only weakly inhibited by the SEO (≥ 250 µL/L). Most importantly, the ability of the SEO to inhibit the mycelial growth of three Penicillium spp. tested was pronounced (P < 0.05) for all applied concentrations. Accordingly, the results from the current study complement our previous ones dealing with the possibility of utilizing diverse EOs commercially achieved from the same company in the food sector.
精油作为天然抗真菌剂在食品工业中的应用仍是科学界关注的焦点，以延长食品的保质期。在这方面，本研究旨在评估斯洛伐克公司商业获得的绿薄荷(Mentha spicata var. crispa)精油(SEO)的化学成分、抗氧化能力和抗真菌(体外、原位)活性，以对抗选定的青霉菌物种。EO采用62.5、125、250、500µL/L 4种浓度，采用气相色谱-质谱法、DPPH法、琼脂盘扩散法和气相法进行分析。结果表明，香芹酮(57.5%)和α-柠檬烯(17.6%)是其主要化学成分。虽然其抗氧化能力较弱(20.40±0.80%)，但EO浓度最高(500µL/L)，是一种中等强度的生长抑制剂，抑制区为11.46±0.63 mm，抑制区为12.93±0.46 mm。SEO(≥250µL/L)对P. citriinum的生长抑制作用较弱。最重要的是，在所有施用浓度下，SEO对三种青霉菌菌丝生长的抑制作用均显著(P < 0.05)。因此，当前研究的结果补充了我们之前的研究结果，即利用食品部门同一家公司实现的各种商业EOs的可能性。
{"title":"Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil Obtained from Mentha Spicata var. Crispa against Selected Penicillium Species","authors":"H. Ďúranová, V. Valková, Lucia Galovičová, N. Vukovic, Milena D. Vukić, M. Kačániová","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1208483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1208483","url":null,"abstract":"Attention of the scientific community has still focused on application of essential oils (EOs) as natural antifungal agents in the food industry to prolong the shelf-life of food products. In this regard, the current study was designed to evaluate chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal (in vitro, in situ) activities of spearmint (Mentha spicata var. crispa) essential oil (SEO) commercially obtained from Slovak company against selected Penicillium species. The EO was used in four concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µL/L) chosen, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, DPPH, agar disc diffusion and vapor phase methods were employed for such analyses. Our results revealed carvone (57.5%) and α-limonene (17.6%) to be the principal constituents in the EO chemical composition. Although only a weak antioxidant capacity (20.40 ± 0.80% free radical-scavenging inhibition) was displayed by the SEO, the highest EO concentration (500 µL/L) was shown to be a moderate growth inhibitor of P. expansum (inhibition zone of 11.46 ± 0.63 mm) and P. crustosum (inhibition zones of 12.93 ± 0.46 mm). The growth of P. citrinum was only weakly inhibited by the SEO (≥ 250 µL/L). Most importantly, the ability of the SEO to inhibit the mycelial growth of three Penicillium spp. tested was pronounced (P < 0.05) for all applied concentrations. Accordingly, the results from the current study complement our previous ones dealing with the possibility of utilizing diverse EOs commercially achieved from the same company in the food sector.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132969820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1230363
Tuğçe Pekdoğan, Mina Aslan
Background: Pandemic coordination boards, science boards, and operation centers were established worldwide to prevent the pandemic’s spread. These centers have published guidelines, posters, and brochures for public transportation places such as COVID-19 Risk Assessment, Guide, hospitals, workplaces, and public transportation to inform the communities. However, studies have not been conducted on how much these measures are applied in real life and how much people are conscious. Aims: In this study, the student’s awareness of COVID-19 precautions will be evaluated through the WELL criteria by examining the guide titled “Strategies from the WELL Building Standard to support the fight against COVID-19”. Methods: The survey questions were applied to 100 university students from different cities and departments in Turkiye to collect the research data. The data obtained from the questionnaires were applied to the study’s sample group and were coded over the questionnaire results via SPSS statistical program. Results: It is seen that only 45% of students have information about “water quality,” and only half of the students do sports during the pandemic period. In this period, 77 students declared that they paid attention to the issue of nutrition. 53 out of 100 students experienced sleep disorders. Moreover, according to the survey results, 52 students received psychological support. Conclusion: The WELL standard, using closed areas and creating awareness of COVID-19, is an important solution for the built environment against worldwide pandemics. Users’ behaviors and spatial requirements of the built environment will contribute to developing project ideas for designers, architects, and engineers.
{"title":"POST-PANDEMIC SPATIAL DECISIONS WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF COVID-19 MEASURES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Tuğçe Pekdoğan, Mina Aslan","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1230363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1230363","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandemic coordination boards, science boards, and operation centers were established worldwide to prevent the pandemic’s spread. These centers have published guidelines, posters, and brochures for public transportation places such as COVID-19 Risk Assessment, Guide, hospitals, workplaces, and public transportation to inform the communities. However, studies have not been conducted on how much these measures are applied in real life and how much people are conscious. \u0000 \u0000Aims: In this study, the student’s awareness of COVID-19 precautions will be evaluated through the WELL criteria by examining the guide titled “Strategies from the WELL Building Standard to support the fight against COVID-19”. \u0000Methods: The survey questions were applied to 100 university students from different cities and departments in Turkiye to collect the research data. The data obtained from the questionnaires were applied to the study’s sample group and were coded over the questionnaire results via SPSS statistical program. \u0000 \u0000Results: It is seen that only 45% of students have information about “water quality,” and only half of the students do sports during the pandemic period. In this period, 77 students declared that they paid attention to the issue of nutrition. 53 out of 100 students experienced sleep disorders. Moreover, according to the survey results, 52 students received psychological support. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The WELL standard, using closed areas and creating awareness of COVID-19, is an important solution for the built environment against worldwide pandemics. Users’ behaviors and spatial requirements of the built environment will contribute to developing project ideas for designers, architects, and engineers.","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114313344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.30516/bilgesci.1218789
Saber Shah Saberi, A. Mohamed
The use of recovered asphalt pavement can reduce the amount of new bitumen and aggregates used in pavement construction and rehabilitation (RAP). RAP is a waste product that results from the removal of an old or damaged pavement surface. Although it has been used since the 1970s, and numerous recommendations for using RAP in the new mixture have been made, there are only a few research available. Because the materials used are recycled, it is also cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study is to characterize soil that has been blended with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for use on the local road shoulder. RAP is one of the rehabilitation procedures used to repair a deteriorated surface by removing the upper pavement and replacing it with new pavement. According to earlier study, mixing dirt with different materials improves the finding. The goals of this study are to establish the material qualities of soil and RAP, determine the optimum moisture content of material and degree of compaction for road shoulders, and determine the appropriate mix proportion of soil and RAP for road shoulders using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The Atterberg limit, liquid limit, and plastic limit for soil were evaluated on a sample of soil and RAP. For soil and RAP, a sieve analysis was performed. Compaction tests for soil and RAP were carried out with a mixture of 10S, 2S8RAP, 4S6RAP, 6S4RAP, 8S2RAP, and 10RAP, as well as CBR tests for soil and RAP. . According to the results of the laboratory test, 20% of RAP (8S2RAP) had a better-mixed proportion for the road shoulder. As a result, repurposed materials like RAP can be used as road shoulder material. Keywords: reclaimed asphalt, reuse of Asphalt,
{"title":"Characterization Of Soil For Road Shoulders Mixed With Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Waste","authors":"Saber Shah Saberi, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.30516/bilgesci.1218789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30516/bilgesci.1218789","url":null,"abstract":"The use of recovered asphalt pavement can reduce the amount of new bitumen and aggregates used in pavement construction and rehabilitation (RAP). RAP is a waste product that results from the removal of an old or damaged pavement surface. Although it has been used since the 1970s, and numerous recommendations for using RAP in the new mixture have been made, there are only a few research available. Because the materials used are recycled, it is also cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study is to characterize soil that has been blended with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for use on the local road shoulder. RAP is one of the rehabilitation procedures used to repair a deteriorated surface by removing the upper pavement and replacing it with new pavement. According to earlier study, mixing dirt with different materials improves the finding. The goals of this study are to establish the material qualities of soil and RAP, determine the optimum moisture content of material and degree of compaction for road shoulders, and determine the appropriate mix proportion of soil and RAP for road shoulders using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The Atterberg limit, liquid limit, and plastic limit for soil were evaluated on a sample of soil and RAP. For soil and RAP, a sieve analysis was performed. Compaction tests for soil and RAP were carried out with a mixture of 10S, 2S8RAP, 4S6RAP, 6S4RAP, 8S2RAP, and 10RAP, as well as CBR tests for soil and RAP. . According to the results of the laboratory test, 20% of RAP (8S2RAP) had a better-mixed proportion for the road shoulder. As a result, repurposed materials like RAP can be used as road shoulder material. \u0000Keywords: reclaimed asphalt, reuse of Asphalt,","PeriodicalId":133012,"journal":{"name":"Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117156539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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