Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.033
Afroj Ayyaj Shaikh
: Toothpaste, available in gel or paste form, maintains oral hygiene through brushing. This research aims to develop herbal toothpaste formulations, avoiding potential side effects of chemical compounds found in conventional products. This study assesses herbal toothpaste formulations for effective dental hygiene, specifically investigating natural ingredients like neem leaves, babul leaves, akkarkara leaves, guava leaves, jamun seeds, vidanga, Vajradanti, and clove fruit, traditionally used for dental care. We assessed sensory and physical characteristics of the newly formulated herbal toothpaste, following Bureau of Indian Standards criteria. Comparative analysis showed laboratory-developed toothpaste performing similarly to Dantkranti, Babool, and Colgate toothpaste brands. The laboratory-created herbal toothpaste matched the essential toothpaste properties of three popular brands. This preliminary in vitro study suggests herbal toothpaste's potential as an effective and safe alternative for oral hygiene. Further research and clinical studies are needed to validate these findings and explore their dental care applications.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of herbal toothpaste formulations: A preliminary study","authors":"Afroj Ayyaj Shaikh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.033","url":null,"abstract":": Toothpaste, available in gel or paste form, maintains oral hygiene through brushing. This research aims to develop herbal toothpaste formulations, avoiding potential side effects of chemical compounds found in conventional products. This study assesses herbal toothpaste formulations for effective dental hygiene, specifically investigating natural ingredients like neem leaves, babul leaves, akkarkara leaves, guava leaves, jamun seeds, vidanga, Vajradanti, and clove fruit, traditionally used for dental care. We assessed sensory and physical characteristics of the newly formulated herbal toothpaste, following Bureau of Indian Standards criteria. Comparative analysis showed laboratory-developed toothpaste performing similarly to Dantkranti, Babool, and Colgate toothpaste brands. The laboratory-created herbal toothpaste matched the essential toothpaste properties of three popular brands. This preliminary in vitro study suggests herbal toothpaste's potential as an effective and safe alternative for oral hygiene. Further research and clinical studies are needed to validate these findings and explore their dental care applications.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.036
Deepshikha Patle, Manpreet Kaur Deol
A stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the anti-diabetic drugs Rosiglitazone, Glimepiride, and Metformin HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbex SB C-8 (250 X 4.6 mm) 5µ and Hypersil BDS C18 (200 × 4 mm), 5μ column as stationary phase. Mobile phase consisting of 0.023M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) supplied at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Detection was performed using a SPD-20A prominence UV/VIS detector at 230 nm. The retention time of rosiglitazone, glimepiride and metformin hydrochloride was achieved at 2.4 min, 4.5 min and 5.6 min respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, toughness, specificity, and forced degradation studies and the relative response factor values of rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and metformin determined from linearity study were 0.998 in the combined form. Rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and metformin HCl showed percentage recoveries of 99.73%, 99.81and 100.31%, respectively. The propesd method found to be very effective and stable for the routine analysis of mentioned antidiabetic drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
{"title":"Stability indicating gradient liquid chromatographic technique for the simultaneous estimation of rosiglitazone, glimepiride and metformin HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms","authors":"Deepshikha Patle, Manpreet Kaur Deol","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"A stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the anti-diabetic drugs Rosiglitazone, Glimepiride, and Metformin HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbex SB C-8 (250 X 4.6 mm) 5µ and Hypersil BDS C18 (200 × 4 mm), 5μ column as stationary phase. Mobile phase consisting of 0.023M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) supplied at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Detection was performed using a SPD-20A prominence UV/VIS detector at 230 nm. The retention time of rosiglitazone, glimepiride and metformin hydrochloride was achieved at 2.4 min, 4.5 min and 5.6 min respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, toughness, specificity, and forced degradation studies and the relative response factor values of rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and metformin determined from linearity study were 0.998 in the combined form. Rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and metformin HCl showed percentage recoveries of 99.73%, 99.81and 100.31%, respectively. The propesd method found to be very effective and stable for the routine analysis of mentioned antidiabetic drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.032
Raja Chakraverty, Jyotirmoy Bondyopadhyay, Poulomi Roy Chowdhury
Antimicrobial policy in pregnancy is an important area of concern in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents during pregnancy can have significant effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. The objective of antimicrobial instituting policy in pregnancy is to prevent and treat infections while minimizing the risk of adverse outcomes. The guideline are based on a careful evaluation of the benefits and risks associated with the use of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy, as well as the potential impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance. This study provides a brief overview of the current antimicrobial policy in pregnancy, highlighting the importance of appropriate antibiotic selection, dosing, and duration of therapy. It also discusses the role of healthcare providers in implementing and monitoring antimicrobial policy in pregnancy, as well as the importance of patient education and informed choices for rational use of antimicrobial.
{"title":"Antimicrobial usage in pregnancy: Guidelines and challenges in India; A systematic review","authors":"Raja Chakraverty, Jyotirmoy Bondyopadhyay, Poulomi Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial policy in pregnancy is an important area of concern in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents during pregnancy can have significant effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. The objective of antimicrobial instituting policy in pregnancy is to prevent and treat infections while minimizing the risk of adverse outcomes. The guideline are based on a careful evaluation of the benefits and risks associated with the use of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy, as well as the potential impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance. This study provides a brief overview of the current antimicrobial policy in pregnancy, highlighting the importance of appropriate antibiotic selection, dosing, and duration of therapy. It also discusses the role of healthcare providers in implementing and monitoring antimicrobial policy in pregnancy, as well as the importance of patient education and informed choices for rational use of antimicrobial.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.038
Saloni Jaswal
Vaginal infection is so widespread that women have to seek medical counseling. In fact, almost 70% of women experience vaginal infections in their life. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is responsible for vaginal infections and Candida albicans is the major agent. Vaginal infections are caused by hormonal changes, negative sexual effects, irrelevant quality of life, high mortality rate, depressive mood and various kind of anxiety. Detail Work on Formulation Development and Evaluation of Micro sponges gel of Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vaginal fungal Infection. The microsponge-based novel delivery system has been developed for vaginal delivery of Clotrimazole. The method adopted was quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Formed microsponges were a spherical in shape Different drug–polymer ratio reflected good particle size, drug content and entrapment efficiency. Microsponge-based gel showed in vitro drug release reflected highest regression value for Koshmeyer-Peppas and in vitro antifungal activity of CLZ microsponges gel was higher than the market formulation. Drug, chemical and solvent to be used are listed as Clotrimazole, Eudragit RL-100, Polyvinyl alcohol, Carbopol 934, Sodium Citrate dihydrate, Citric Acid, Dichloromethane, Triethanolamine, Agar 1. Preparation of citrate buffer pH 4.5 solution 2. Preparation of standard curve of citrate buffer pH 4.5 solution: methanol 3. FTIR spectroscopy 4. Selection of method for the preparation of microsponges 5. Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion (two step method) is selected for the preparation of microsponges 6. Selection of amount of drug (clotrimazole): 7. Selection of optimum volume of solvent (dichloromethane): 8. Selection of amount of emulsifier (polyvinyl alcohol): 9. Preparation of microsponges. The f23 formulation, which had a manufacturing yield of 66.58%, an entrapment efficiency of 91.26%, and an actual drug content of 67.28 percent, was determined to be more trustworthy than the other formulations. The CDR was 66.18%, and the Flux value was 76.17(g/cm2/h).With (r2)0.9738 and a n value of 0.3981, Koshmeyer Peppas was judged to be the model that suited the data the best.A measurement of the viscosity revealed non-Newtonian flow. The ZOI, which exceeded the advertised preparation, was discovered to be 2.2 cm. For vaginal delivery of Clotrimazole, a new delivery mechanism based on microsponges has been created. The technique used was solvent diffusion from a quasi-emulsion. Microsponges that had been formed had a spherical shape. Different drug-polymer ratios were indicative of good drug content, entrapment effectiveness, and particle size. Microsponge-based gel demonstrated in vitro drug release that had the greatest regression value for Koshmeyer-Peppas, and CLZ microsponges gel had stronger in vitro antifungal activity than the commercial formulation.
{"title":"Detail work on formulation development and evaluation of micro sponges gel of clotrimazole for treatment of vaginal fungal infection","authors":"Saloni Jaswal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.038","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal infection is so widespread that women have to seek medical counseling. In fact, almost 70% of women experience vaginal infections in their life. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is responsible for vaginal infections and Candida albicans is the major agent. Vaginal infections are caused by hormonal changes, negative sexual effects, irrelevant quality of life, high mortality rate, depressive mood and various kind of anxiety. Detail Work on Formulation Development and Evaluation of Micro sponges gel of Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vaginal fungal Infection. The microsponge-based novel delivery system has been developed for vaginal delivery of Clotrimazole. The method adopted was quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Formed microsponges were a spherical in shape Different drug–polymer ratio reflected good particle size, drug content and entrapment efficiency. Microsponge-based gel showed in vitro drug release reflected highest regression value for Koshmeyer-Peppas and in vitro antifungal activity of CLZ microsponges gel was higher than the market formulation. Drug, chemical and solvent to be used are listed as Clotrimazole, Eudragit RL-100, Polyvinyl alcohol, Carbopol 934, Sodium Citrate dihydrate, Citric Acid, Dichloromethane, Triethanolamine, Agar 1. Preparation of citrate buffer pH 4.5 solution 2. Preparation of standard curve of citrate buffer pH 4.5 solution: methanol 3. FTIR spectroscopy 4. Selection of method for the preparation of microsponges 5. Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion (two step method) is selected for the preparation of microsponges 6. Selection of amount of drug (clotrimazole): 7. Selection of optimum volume of solvent (dichloromethane): 8. Selection of amount of emulsifier (polyvinyl alcohol): 9. Preparation of microsponges. The f23 formulation, which had a manufacturing yield of 66.58%, an entrapment efficiency of 91.26%, and an actual drug content of 67.28 percent, was determined to be more trustworthy than the other formulations. The CDR was 66.18%, and the Flux value was 76.17(g/cm2/h).With (r2)0.9738 and a n value of 0.3981, Koshmeyer Peppas was judged to be the model that suited the data the best.A measurement of the viscosity revealed non-Newtonian flow. The ZOI, which exceeded the advertised preparation, was discovered to be 2.2 cm. For vaginal delivery of Clotrimazole, a new delivery mechanism based on microsponges has been created. The technique used was solvent diffusion from a quasi-emulsion. Microsponges that had been formed had a spherical shape. Different drug-polymer ratios were indicative of good drug content, entrapment effectiveness, and particle size. Microsponge-based gel demonstrated in vitro drug release that had the greatest regression value for Koshmeyer-Peppas, and CLZ microsponges gel had stronger in vitro antifungal activity than the commercial formulation.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIDS is one of the worst diseases in the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of lentivirus that causes HIV and AIDS. Symptoms of AIDS are usually caused by an infection by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and viruses usually controlled by the body's immune system to destroy HIV. Prevention is the only strategy available to treat HIV/AIDS, so it is important to raise awareness about this among young people. This study, this report on HIV analyzed detailed information on biology, pathology, signs and symptoms, problems, diagnosis, treatment, types of interacting infections, and vaccines.
{"title":"A review: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)","authors":"Rutuja Balasaheb Sonawane, Ganesh Dnyandev Barkade","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"AIDS is one of the worst diseases in the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of lentivirus that causes HIV and AIDS. Symptoms of AIDS are usually caused by an infection by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and viruses usually controlled by the body's immune system to destroy HIV. Prevention is the only strategy available to treat HIV/AIDS, so it is important to raise awareness about this among young people. This study, this report on HIV analyzed detailed information on biology, pathology, signs and symptoms, problems, diagnosis, treatment, types of interacting infections, and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.037
Karveer Babanrao Aghade
Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. In the past several pharmaceutical companies used caffeine along with other drugs to get analgesic effect. The present research work was undertaken to investigate the effect of interaction of caffeine and capsaicin on animal model of hyperalgesia in mice. To meet these objectives, effect of drugs was studied using tail immersion test, an animal model of thermal hyperalgesia and tail withdrawal test in mice, an animal model of cold hyperalgesia. The efficacy of three active principles alone and in combination of indomethacin, caffeine and prochlorperazine in reverting hyperalgesia was studied. Indomethacin 0.3 mg/ kg, i.p., caffeine 0.1 & 0.3 mg/ kg, i.p. and prochlorperazine 0.1 mg/ kg as well as combination reverted morphine withdrawal induced hyperalgesia. Initial application of capsaicin was found to be algesic leading to noxious stimulation in peripheral nervous system, which may cause allodynia and hyperalgesia. Thus this mechanism is also being studied in this study. Since most of the centrally acting analgesics act by way of their effect on dopaminergic mechanism and modifying calcium release, further studies on hyperalgesic activity were carried out using caffeine, capsaicin, amlodipine, haloperidol in the tail immersion (hot water of 55°C) and the tail withdrawal test (cold ethanol -14°C).
{"title":"Effect of caffeine on capsaicin induced hyperalgesia in mice","authors":"Karveer Babanrao Aghade","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. In the past several pharmaceutical companies used caffeine along with other drugs to get analgesic effect. The present research work was undertaken to investigate the effect of interaction of caffeine and capsaicin on animal model of hyperalgesia in mice. To meet these objectives, effect of drugs was studied using tail immersion test, an animal model of thermal hyperalgesia and tail withdrawal test in mice, an animal model of cold hyperalgesia. The efficacy of three active principles alone and in combination of indomethacin, caffeine and prochlorperazine in reverting hyperalgesia was studied. Indomethacin 0.3 mg/ kg, i.p., caffeine 0.1 & 0.3 mg/ kg, i.p. and prochlorperazine 0.1 mg/ kg as well as combination reverted morphine withdrawal induced hyperalgesia. Initial application of capsaicin was found to be algesic leading to noxious stimulation in peripheral nervous system, which may cause allodynia and hyperalgesia. Thus this mechanism is also being studied in this study. Since most of the centrally acting analgesics act by way of their effect on dopaminergic mechanism and modifying calcium release, further studies on hyperalgesic activity were carried out using caffeine, capsaicin, amlodipine, haloperidol in the tail immersion (hot water of 55°C) and the tail withdrawal test (cold ethanol -14°C).","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.015
Preeti Sharma
Poppy, a plant belonging to the papaveraceae family, is the source of opium.It is a plant that blooms. It has sedative, somniferous, and neurotoxic properties in addition to being cerebrally poisonous. Due to its neurotoxic nature, opium causes a variety of adverse effects, including anxiety, seizures, hallucinations, sleepiness, giddiness, and many more. In order to create various types of analgesic medications to cure pain and promote sleep, this poppy is grown as an agricultural crop. The main source of opium, or dried latex made by the seed pods, is the opium poppy, as its name suggests. Because opium has sexual properties, many people use it for extended periods of time before becoming addicted.
{"title":"Ahifen: A critical review","authors":"Preeti Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"Poppy, a plant belonging to the papaveraceae family, is the source of opium.It is a plant that blooms. It has sedative, somniferous, and neurotoxic properties in addition to being cerebrally poisonous. Due to its neurotoxic nature, opium causes a variety of adverse effects, including anxiety, seizures, hallucinations, sleepiness, giddiness, and many more. In order to create various types of analgesic medications to cure pain and promote sleep, this poppy is grown as an agricultural crop. The main source of opium, or dried latex made by the seed pods, is the opium poppy, as its name suggests. Because opium has sexual properties, many people use it for extended periods of time before becoming addicted.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80656530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.022
Rashid Iqbal, Ratan Kumar, R. Barnwal
Medication errors have been a matter of concern since the time we started using medicines. The frequency of these errors is influenced by a number of factors few of them were pretty obvious and few surprising. Keeping this in mind this research was designed and carried out in geriatric population of an urban area. We tried to evaluate the role of various factors which influence medication error in geriatric population.1-Primary objective was to estimate the frequency of medication error. 2-Secondary objective was to find out relation of different factors related to medication error. This is a cross sectional study which aims to estimate the frequency of medication error in 250 patients of geriatric age group (Age More Than 65 Years) residing in an urban area and factors related to medication error For this a questionnaire was prepared which had questions related to demographic details and few questions focused on knowing the factors that could have an influence on medication error. These factors were taken into consideration as per the previous studies which were done on medication error.It was found that more than 80% of patients thought that medication errors are only those incidents where they use a medication other than what was prescribed to them hence Patients were properly explained what medication error actually is e.g. they were told that even if they take the correct mediation in wrong dose, frequency or duration it accounts for medication error and after this they started recalling incidents when they have faced these errors. There responses were entered into these questionnaire/case record forms which were later analysed.The data was entered in MS excel and analysed using Epi Info software. The quantitative variables were analysed as frequency. Association between variables was analysed using chi square test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant .The incidence of medication error was found to be 53% and its frequency was higher in patients with greater number of medications, increasing number of chronic health conditions , while it was lower in patients with higher educational status ,those belonging to lower age groups and if doctor or pharmacist explained the medications to them. surprisingly its frequency was low in patients who could just identify their medication with their health condition. It was concluded that medication errors are common health related issue in patients of geriatric age group and a number of factors can influence its incidence. If these factors are properly addressed it will have a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with this problem.
{"title":"Medication error in geriatric population of an urban area and its relation with different factors influencing medication error","authors":"Rashid Iqbal, Ratan Kumar, R. Barnwal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Medication errors have been a matter of concern since the time we started using medicines. The frequency of these errors is influenced by a number of factors few of them were pretty obvious and few surprising. Keeping this in mind this research was designed and carried out in geriatric population of an urban area. We tried to evaluate the role of various factors which influence medication error in geriatric population.1-Primary objective was to estimate the frequency of medication error. 2-Secondary objective was to find out relation of different factors related to medication error. This is a cross sectional study which aims to estimate the frequency of medication error in 250 patients of geriatric age group (Age More Than 65 Years) residing in an urban area and factors related to medication error For this a questionnaire was prepared which had questions related to demographic details and few questions focused on knowing the factors that could have an influence on medication error. These factors were taken into consideration as per the previous studies which were done on medication error.It was found that more than 80% of patients thought that medication errors are only those incidents where they use a medication other than what was prescribed to them hence Patients were properly explained what medication error actually is e.g. they were told that even if they take the correct mediation in wrong dose, frequency or duration it accounts for medication error and after this they started recalling incidents when they have faced these errors. There responses were entered into these questionnaire/case record forms which were later analysed.The data was entered in MS excel and analysed using Epi Info software. The quantitative variables were analysed as frequency. Association between variables was analysed using chi square test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant .The incidence of medication error was found to be 53% and its frequency was higher in patients with greater number of medications, increasing number of chronic health conditions , while it was lower in patients with higher educational status ,those belonging to lower age groups and if doctor or pharmacist explained the medications to them. surprisingly its frequency was low in patients who could just identify their medication with their health condition. It was concluded that medication errors are common health related issue in patients of geriatric age group and a number of factors can influence its incidence. If these factors are properly addressed it will have a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with this problem.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82811364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.018
Avinash Teli, P. Rathore, Rohit Kumar, M. S. Alam
The RNA virus known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, was discovered for the first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, as a result of the virus's subsequent spread throughout the planet. The urgent creation of safe and effective vaccines has elevated to a top priority in the global healthcare industry because of the terrible effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Covaxin and Covishield vaccines were administered as part of the start of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in India on January 13, 2021. Covaxin is made up of adjuvant-inactivated viral particles, whereas Covishield is an adenovirus vector-based vaccine. The utility and effectiveness of each vaccine are significantly influenced by its formulation, adjuvants, and mode of action. Vaccine efficacy depends on various factors, including the creation of memory cells, cell-mediated immunity, and antibodies. Results from third-phase trials have shown that Covishield exhibits an effectiveness of approximately 90%, while Covaxin demonstrates an effectiveness of around 80%. Both vaccines have demonstrated satisfactory efficacy against several mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of Covishield, however, should be noted as compromised if there are significant changes in the spike (S) protein structure in future variants. In contrast, Covaxin may remain effective against such variants due to its ability to elicit multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes. The objective of this study is to evaluate and contrast Covaxin, Covishield & Sputnik v immunogenic and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, potential vaccination challenges in the coming days will be discussed. Understanding the relative strengths and limitations of these vaccines can inform decision-making and strategies related to vaccine deployment, public health interventions, and future vaccine development efforts."
{"title":"Vaccine equity and access: A comparative assessment of Covaxin, Covishield, and Sputnik V.","authors":"Avinash Teli, P. Rathore, Rohit Kumar, M. S. Alam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"The RNA virus known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, was discovered for the first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, as a result of the virus's subsequent spread throughout the planet. The urgent creation of safe and effective vaccines has elevated to a top priority in the global healthcare industry because of the terrible effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Covaxin and Covishield vaccines were administered as part of the start of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in India on January 13, 2021. Covaxin is made up of adjuvant-inactivated viral particles, whereas Covishield is an adenovirus vector-based vaccine. The utility and effectiveness of each vaccine are significantly influenced by its formulation, adjuvants, and mode of action. Vaccine efficacy depends on various factors, including the creation of memory cells, cell-mediated immunity, and antibodies. Results from third-phase trials have shown that Covishield exhibits an effectiveness of approximately 90%, while Covaxin demonstrates an effectiveness of around 80%. Both vaccines have demonstrated satisfactory efficacy against several mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of Covishield, however, should be noted as compromised if there are significant changes in the spike (S) protein structure in future variants. In contrast, Covaxin may remain effective against such variants due to its ability to elicit multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes. The objective of this study is to evaluate and contrast Covaxin, Covishield & Sputnik v immunogenic and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, potential vaccination challenges in the coming days will be discussed. Understanding the relative strengths and limitations of these vaccines can inform decision-making and strategies related to vaccine deployment, public health interventions, and future vaccine development efforts.\"","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91056943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.021
Kuldeep Singh, J. Gupta, Shivendra Kumar, S. Mukherjee, Sonal Kumari, M. Kumari, Anurag, Talever Singh, Krishanveer Singh
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, which has been linked to various cardiovascular and renal complications, including impaired renal function. , a widely used medicinal herb, has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. However, its potential role in improving renal function in hyperhomocysteinemic conditions remains largely unexplored. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, which is associated with impaired renal function. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Panax Ginseng on renal function in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Male Wistar rats There were five animals per group. Group 1 functioned as the control group, receiving a typical meal (chow feed) and unlimited water. L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) was given to group 2 Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY Control) once daily. A modest dosage of Panax ginseng (50 mg/kg body weight) and L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) was administered orally to the third group (test drug 1). The fourth group (test drug 2) got the same combination of L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) and Panax ginseng (high dosage, 100 mg/kg body weight). In addition, the second, third, and fourth groups of rats received intraperitoneal doxorubicin injections at a dosage of 5 mg/kg after 1 hour of L-methionine administration at intervals of 15 days in order to produce Hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated nephrotoxicity. After 28 days of the trial, the animals were slaughtered, and the blood levels of homocysteine, creatinine, and urea were measured. We measured the amounts of urea, creatinine, and homocysteine in the serum. administration effectively improved renal function and attenuated histopathological changes in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. These findings suggest that Panax Ginseng may have a renoprotective effect in Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced renal dysfunction.
{"title":"Improvement in renal function of Hyperhomocysteinemic rats by panax ginseng","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, J. Gupta, Shivendra Kumar, S. Mukherjee, Sonal Kumari, M. Kumari, Anurag, Talever Singh, Krishanveer Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, which has been linked to various cardiovascular and renal complications, including impaired renal function. , a widely used medicinal herb, has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. However, its potential role in improving renal function in hyperhomocysteinemic conditions remains largely unexplored. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, which is associated with impaired renal function. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Panax Ginseng on renal function in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Male Wistar rats There were five animals per group. Group 1 functioned as the control group, receiving a typical meal (chow feed) and unlimited water. L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) was given to group 2 Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY Control) once daily. A modest dosage of Panax ginseng (50 mg/kg body weight) and L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) was administered orally to the third group (test drug 1). The fourth group (test drug 2) got the same combination of L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day, p.o.) and Panax ginseng (high dosage, 100 mg/kg body weight). In addition, the second, third, and fourth groups of rats received intraperitoneal doxorubicin injections at a dosage of 5 mg/kg after 1 hour of L-methionine administration at intervals of 15 days in order to produce Hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated nephrotoxicity. After 28 days of the trial, the animals were slaughtered, and the blood levels of homocysteine, creatinine, and urea were measured. We measured the amounts of urea, creatinine, and homocysteine in the serum. administration effectively improved renal function and attenuated histopathological changes in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. These findings suggest that Panax Ginseng may have a renoprotective effect in Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced renal dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81995877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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