Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.039
Nitya Selvaraj, Vijaya Santhi Thulasiraman, S. Manickam
This study mainly highlights the importance of regular prescription auditing which helps to improve the overall quality of the prescription writing pattern and as well paves a better path to the upliftment of the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess the prescription pattern and drug-drug interactions of Psychiatric drugs in prescription in a tertiary care hospital. Prescription auditing of Psychiatric prescriptions was carried out using the World Health Organization Recommendations and Drug-drug interaction (DDI) was performed using a drug interaction checker software. A total of 600 psychiatric prescriptions were collected, and the data were presented in the form of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of the data revealed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 4.2 ± 2.5. All the drugs were prescribed from the essential drug, and 594 (99%) of the prescriptions were prescribed with the generic name. Dizziness followed by irregular heart rhythm or QT prolongation are the encountered DDIs that were present in 85 (14%) and 19 (3%) prescriptions respectively. The cause of the above DDI was seen in the drug combinations such as Lorazepam + Haloperidol + Trihexyphenidyl, Lorazepam + Risperidone, and Venlafaxine + Olanzapine, Lithium + Quetiapine respectively. This study has fulfilled the majority of WHO recommendations except for writing in capital letters and also brings out the common drug interaction that happens with psychiatric medications and the reasoning behind them.
{"title":"Prescription audit of psychiatry department at a tertiary care hospital in South India using the World Health Organization recommendations – A cross sectional study","authors":"Nitya Selvaraj, Vijaya Santhi Thulasiraman, S. Manickam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"This study mainly highlights the importance of regular prescription auditing which helps to improve the overall quality of the prescription writing pattern and as well paves a better path to the upliftment of the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess the prescription pattern and drug-drug interactions of Psychiatric drugs in prescription in a tertiary care hospital. Prescription auditing of Psychiatric prescriptions was carried out using the World Health Organization Recommendations and Drug-drug interaction (DDI) was performed using a drug interaction checker software. A total of 600 psychiatric prescriptions were collected, and the data were presented in the form of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of the data revealed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 4.2 ± 2.5. All the drugs were prescribed from the essential drug, and 594 (99%) of the prescriptions were prescribed with the generic name. Dizziness followed by irregular heart rhythm or QT prolongation are the encountered DDIs that were present in 85 (14%) and 19 (3%) prescriptions respectively. The cause of the above DDI was seen in the drug combinations such as Lorazepam + Haloperidol + Trihexyphenidyl, Lorazepam + Risperidone, and Venlafaxine + Olanzapine, Lithium + Quetiapine respectively. This study has fulfilled the majority of WHO recommendations except for writing in capital letters and also brings out the common drug interaction that happens with psychiatric medications and the reasoning behind them.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78701660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.043
Lokesh Chaudhari, Aasma Kossar, U. Patil, Vinita Ahirwar
Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti- inflammation activities ect. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Lam () is a fast-growing and drought-resistant tree of the family. The tree is known with some common names: miracle, ben oil, drumstick, horseradish or simply moringa. Phytochemical studies of plant organs showed the plant as a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites belonging to different classes of organic compounds. Pharmacological studies confirmed the use of the plant to cure several diseases and to possess nutraceutical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical features and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves by using DPPH assay method. The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocols with some modifications. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves was assessed against DPPH method using standard protocols.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, amino acid and carbohydrate. The total phenolic and flavonoids content of leaves of hydroalcoholic extract was 0.864and 1.014 mg/100mg respectively. The activities of hydroalcoholic leaves extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC values of ascorbic acid and extracts 17.68 and 79.10µg/ml respectively. The present study concluded that the crude extract of is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extract of lam leaves","authors":"Lokesh Chaudhari, Aasma Kossar, U. Patil, Vinita Ahirwar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.043","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti- inflammation activities ect. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Lam () is a fast-growing and drought-resistant tree of the family. The tree is known with some common names: miracle, ben oil, drumstick, horseradish or simply moringa. Phytochemical studies of plant organs showed the plant as a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites belonging to different classes of organic compounds. Pharmacological studies confirmed the use of the plant to cure several diseases and to possess nutraceutical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical features and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves by using DPPH assay method. The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocols with some modifications. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves was assessed against DPPH method using standard protocols.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, amino acid and carbohydrate. The total phenolic and flavonoids content of leaves of hydroalcoholic extract was 0.864and 1.014 mg/100mg respectively. The activities of hydroalcoholic leaves extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC values of ascorbic acid and extracts 17.68 and 79.10µg/ml respectively. The present study concluded that the crude extract of is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85351036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.044
Vikas Sharma, A. Heer, Navneet Kour, Shivangi Sharma
Cancer is one of the major human diseases and causes large suffering / economic loss worldwide. These days various new strategies are being developed to treat human cancer, but the sure-shot, perfect cure is yet to be brought into the world of medicine. In the search of potential anticancer agents from natural products, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anticancer efficiency of The anticancer activity was determined by the cytotoxic potential of test material at 100 μg/ml via SRB assay. Cells were allowed to grow for 24 h on 96 – well flat bottom tissue culture plates and cells were further allowed to grow in the presence of test material for 48h. Cell growth was terminated by addition of 50% (w/v) tricarboxylic acid and cells were stained with SRB dye. Excess dye was removed by washing with 1% (v/v) acetic acid and bound dye was dissolved in Tris buffer. OD was taken at 540 nm and growth inhibition of 70% or above was considered active. The methanolic extract of fruit showed in vitro anticancer effect in the range of 75%-95% against four human cancer cell lines of colon, melanoma, prostrate and lung origin. The methanolic fruit extract of harad can be explored for lead molecule in the development of anticancer drug to provide a great service to cancer patients.
{"title":"Terminalia chebula possesses anticancer potential","authors":"Vikas Sharma, A. Heer, Navneet Kour, Shivangi Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the major human diseases and causes large suffering / economic loss worldwide. These days various new strategies are being developed to treat human cancer, but the sure-shot, perfect cure is yet to be brought into the world of medicine. In the search of potential anticancer agents from natural products, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the in vitro anticancer efficiency of The anticancer activity was determined by the cytotoxic potential of test material at 100 μg/ml via SRB assay. Cells were allowed to grow for 24 h on 96 – well flat bottom tissue culture plates and cells were further allowed to grow in the presence of test material for 48h. Cell growth was terminated by addition of 50% (w/v) tricarboxylic acid and cells were stained with SRB dye. Excess dye was removed by washing with 1% (v/v) acetic acid and bound dye was dissolved in Tris buffer. OD was taken at 540 nm and growth inhibition of 70% or above was considered active. The methanolic extract of fruit showed in vitro anticancer effect in the range of 75%-95% against four human cancer cell lines of colon, melanoma, prostrate and lung origin. The methanolic fruit extract of harad can be explored for lead molecule in the development of anticancer drug to provide a great service to cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.038
F. Tamboli, Sajid A. Mulani, P. Kokate, Yogesh S Kolekar, Asavari R. Rasam, Shreyash D. Tarlekar, S. S. Patil
Urticaria is the most common skin disease, it may be chronic or acute. Infections, medicines, psychogenic factors, food, and respiratory allergens such factors are accused of etiology. But sometimes it may be idiopathic. H1 antihistamines and short-term systemic corticosteroids are taken for the treatment. H2 antagonists may be preferred during resistant cases. Cyclosporine, omalizumab, and leukotriene receptor antagonists are other treatment options considered during missed events.
{"title":"Urticaria: Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","authors":"F. Tamboli, Sajid A. Mulani, P. Kokate, Yogesh S Kolekar, Asavari R. Rasam, Shreyash D. Tarlekar, S. S. Patil","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.038","url":null,"abstract":"Urticaria is the most common skin disease, it may be chronic or acute. Infections, medicines, psychogenic factors, food, and respiratory allergens such factors are accused of etiology. But sometimes it may be idiopathic. H1 antihistamines and short-term systemic corticosteroids are taken for the treatment. H2 antagonists may be preferred during resistant cases. Cyclosporine, omalizumab, and leukotriene receptor antagonists are other treatment options considered during missed events.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72745100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.041
Rosme David, C. Kulkarni, Savithri Punnapurath, P. Palatty
: Adverse drug reaction not only occurs with curative, preventive and palliative drugs but also with diagnostic tools like radio contrast agents which are used for enhancement of images. Timely and incessant reporting of adverse drug reaction with various agents is necessary to reduce the incidence. The study aims to find out the trend of contrast media related adverse drug reactions from 2016 to 2021. A retrospective observational study was conducted on adverse drug reactions reported to the adverse drug reaction monitoring centre at tertiary care hospital in South India. All the adverse drug reactions related to various contrast agents used in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were recorded. Patients’ demographic details, individual contrast agent, clinical manifestations of reactions, severity, causality were mentioned in descriptive statistics. : A total of 218 (16%) adverse drug reaction were reported due to various contrast media including non-ionic iodinated and gadolinium-based agents. The incidence of adverse drug reactions with radio contrast agents varies between 0.23% - 0.35%. 89% of symptoms were itching and rashes. Using the WHO-UMC (Uppsala monitoring centre) causality assessment scale, 87% of adverse drug reactions were categorized as ‘probable’. : Unavoidable and untoward reactions can happen in any patient with any contrast agent. With the introduction of newer agents for last six years reactions continue to occur in same proportion. There is no culprit agent, but being ‘vigilante’ on reactions and timely reporting is necessary.
{"title":"A Retrospective study of contrast media related adverse drug reactions at tertiary hospital in South India","authors":"Rosme David, C. Kulkarni, Savithri Punnapurath, P. Palatty","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.041","url":null,"abstract":": Adverse drug reaction not only occurs with curative, preventive and palliative drugs but also with diagnostic tools like radio contrast agents which are used for enhancement of images. Timely and incessant reporting of adverse drug reaction with various agents is necessary to reduce the incidence. The study aims to find out the trend of contrast media related adverse drug reactions from 2016 to 2021. A retrospective observational study was conducted on adverse drug reactions reported to the adverse drug reaction monitoring centre at tertiary care hospital in South India. All the adverse drug reactions related to various contrast agents used in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were recorded. Patients’ demographic details, individual contrast agent, clinical manifestations of reactions, severity, causality were mentioned in descriptive statistics. : A total of 218 (16%) adverse drug reaction were reported due to various contrast media including non-ionic iodinated and gadolinium-based agents. The incidence of adverse drug reactions with radio contrast agents varies between 0.23% - 0.35%. 89% of symptoms were itching and rashes. Using the WHO-UMC (Uppsala monitoring centre) causality assessment scale, 87% of adverse drug reactions were categorized as ‘probable’. : Unavoidable and untoward reactions can happen in any patient with any contrast agent. With the introduction of newer agents for last six years reactions continue to occur in same proportion. There is no culprit agent, but being ‘vigilante’ on reactions and timely reporting is necessary.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83778426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.042
R. Nayak, Ramesh Kumar Karri
Mental health has always been given a prime importance along with physical health by the World Health Organization (WHO). Depression contributes to significant disease burden at global level and is ranked by WHO as the single largest contributor to global disability. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions such as depression. is known to possess antioxidant properties; hence, this study has been conducted to evaluate the antidepressant activity of Rubia cordifolia root extract in rodent models. Ethanolic extract of root powder (EERC) was used for evaluating the antidepressant activity in Swiss albino mice. EERC was used in two doses – 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Antidepressant activity was evaluated by performing Forced swim test and Tail suspension test with Imipramine (10mg/kg) as the standard drug. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Tukey Krammer test. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Forced swim test and tail suspension test showed significant decrease in the period of immobility by EERC treated groups indicating its antidepressant property. There is no significant difference observed between the two doses of the extract i.e.; 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg (inter-group comparison). The period of immobility and period of mobility were not significantly different from the standard group. This study shows that ethanolic extract of root powder possess significant antidepressant properties. However, this is just a preliminary study. Further studies have to be carried out to find out the exact mechanism responsible for antidepressant activity by isolating the active constituents and performing neurotransmitter studies.
{"title":"Evaluation of antidepressant properties of ethanolic extract of root of in Swiss albino mice","authors":"R. Nayak, Ramesh Kumar Karri","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.042","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health has always been given a prime importance along with physical health by the World Health Organization (WHO). Depression contributes to significant disease burden at global level and is ranked by WHO as the single largest contributor to global disability. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions such as depression. is known to possess antioxidant properties; hence, this study has been conducted to evaluate the antidepressant activity of Rubia cordifolia root extract in rodent models. Ethanolic extract of root powder (EERC) was used for evaluating the antidepressant activity in Swiss albino mice. EERC was used in two doses – 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Antidepressant activity was evaluated by performing Forced swim test and Tail suspension test with Imipramine (10mg/kg) as the standard drug. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Tukey Krammer test. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Forced swim test and tail suspension test showed significant decrease in the period of immobility by EERC treated groups indicating its antidepressant property. There is no significant difference observed between the two doses of the extract i.e.; 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg (inter-group comparison). The period of immobility and period of mobility were not significantly different from the standard group. This study shows that ethanolic extract of root powder possess significant antidepressant properties. However, this is just a preliminary study. Further studies have to be carried out to find out the exact mechanism responsible for antidepressant activity by isolating the active constituents and performing neurotransmitter studies.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"10 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81246503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.034
D. George, P. Palatty
Cancer chemotherapy is rampant as cancer is the 2nd most common cause of global mortality. It is challenged by a horde of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse events. A proper study of these ADRs is very crucial to limit their occurrences and thereby ameliorate the sufferings of the patients. Our study was to assess the frequency, nature and profile of the ADRs with anticancer drugs. A retrospective analysis of the ADR data collected over a period of 5 years was considered. Demography, drug related changes and clinical details of the patients were recorded and analysed. A total of 1145 ADR events were reported during the study period of January 01, 2017 to December 31st 2021 of which 232 cases (20.26 %) were due to anticancer drugs. The majority of the ADRs were accounted in females and in the elderly age group (>60 years). The commonly reported ADRs included breathing difficulty, chest discomfort, itching all over the body, numbness, neuropathy, mucositis and hand foot syndrome. The most common drugs that caused ADRs were Platinum coordination complex drugs, Taxanes, Rituximab and pyrimidine antagonists like Capecitabine and Gemcitabine. Causality assessment done using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre causality assessment scale which showed 69.4% cases as “probable”, 29.3% cases as “possible” and 1.3% as “certain”. Severity assessed using the modified Hartwig and Siegel scale showed most of the cases as of moderate severity. Most of the ADR events in our study was manageable although a few required the withdrawal of the causative drug. Rigorous monitoring and adequate reporting are very crucial for the prompt identification, assessment and timely management of ADRs in the patients receiving chemotherapy so as to improve the quality of life in these patients.
{"title":"Pattern of adverse drug reactions to anticancer drugs at an apex hospital in south India: A retrospective study","authors":"D. George, P. Palatty","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer chemotherapy is rampant as cancer is the 2nd most common cause of global mortality. It is challenged by a horde of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse events. A proper study of these ADRs is very crucial to limit their occurrences and thereby ameliorate the sufferings of the patients. Our study was to assess the frequency, nature and profile of the ADRs with anticancer drugs. A retrospective analysis of the ADR data collected over a period of 5 years was considered. Demography, drug related changes and clinical details of the patients were recorded and analysed. A total of 1145 ADR events were reported during the study period of January 01, 2017 to December 31st 2021 of which 232 cases (20.26 %) were due to anticancer drugs. The majority of the ADRs were accounted in females and in the elderly age group (>60 years). The commonly reported ADRs included breathing difficulty, chest discomfort, itching all over the body, numbness, neuropathy, mucositis and hand foot syndrome. The most common drugs that caused ADRs were Platinum coordination complex drugs, Taxanes, Rituximab and pyrimidine antagonists like Capecitabine and Gemcitabine. Causality assessment done using WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Centre causality assessment scale which showed 69.4% cases as “probable”, 29.3% cases as “possible” and 1.3% as “certain”. Severity assessed using the modified Hartwig and Siegel scale showed most of the cases as of moderate severity. Most of the ADR events in our study was manageable although a few required the withdrawal of the causative drug. Rigorous monitoring and adequate reporting are very crucial for the prompt identification, assessment and timely management of ADRs in the patients receiving chemotherapy so as to improve the quality of life in these patients.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72779713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.027
S. John
Antibiotics are the class of medications intended to treat and prevent bacterial infections by predominantly acting on bacteria by either making it difficult for the organism to grow and multiply or by killing them. They play a significant role in modern healthcare in improving patient health outcomes by reducing infective complications. In the emerging use of antibiotics, the pre and post-antibiotic regimen has a huge role in reducing the post-surgical complication which thereby increases the quality of life in surgical patients. Due to the irrational use of antibiotics, there is a rapid increase in the resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the rational operative antibiotic usage depends upon the factors like skin incision time; duration and frequency of administration; immunological status of the patient. Thus the importance of operative prophylaxis antibiotics has been discussed as a part of preventing surgical complications such as surgical site infections (SSI), antimicrobial resistance, septicaemia and adverse events during the patient's stay. This review is focused on the importance of prophylactic antibiotics, especially on major clean or clean-contaminated open surgeries which include cardiac surgery, gastro surgery and neurosurgery.
{"title":"An overview on prophylactic antibiotics in operative patients to combat post-surgical complications","authors":"S. John","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are the class of medications intended to treat and prevent bacterial infections by predominantly acting on bacteria by either making it difficult for the organism to grow and multiply or by killing them. They play a significant role in modern healthcare in improving patient health outcomes by reducing infective complications. In the emerging use of antibiotics, the pre and post-antibiotic regimen has a huge role in reducing the post-surgical complication which thereby increases the quality of life in surgical patients. Due to the irrational use of antibiotics, there is a rapid increase in the resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the rational operative antibiotic usage depends upon the factors like skin incision time; duration and frequency of administration; immunological status of the patient. Thus the importance of operative prophylaxis antibiotics has been discussed as a part of preventing surgical complications such as surgical site infections (SSI), antimicrobial resistance, septicaemia and adverse events during the patient's stay. This review is focused on the importance of prophylactic antibiotics, especially on major clean or clean-contaminated open surgeries which include cardiac surgery, gastro surgery and neurosurgery.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75255443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.032
R. Pandey, Ashok Mesharm
India witnessed a devastating second surge of COVID-19 cases from March 2021. Evidence strongly advocates its association with the patients’ age, gender, pre-existing comorbidity, vaccination status, and Remdesivir administration during the treatment of the disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the significant relation of these five factors to in-hospital COVID-19 mortalities. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational cohort study between Jan 01 and May 30, 2021 in a tertiary care center in India. The outcome of interest is to identify the effect of vaccination, co-morbidities, and Remdesivir administration on COVID-19 mortality using SPSS software version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The mortality rate was found to be 6.8 % (N=117) during hospitalization. The mean age of patients who died due to COVID-19 was 70.41 ± 15.04 years and the median was 68.34 (IQR: 59.61-83.38) years. About 89% of the population was over 55 years of age. The mortality rate was found to be higher in males (N=77; 65.8%). Out of 117 deaths, 95 patients (81.2%) were unvaccinated, whereas only 15.4% (N=18) and 3.4% (N=4) have taken a single and double dose respectively. Approximately, 3 quarter of patients had 1 or more comorbidity. Remdesivir administration is associated with the survival of 84.0% in moderate to severe COVID-19 infected patients. Results of our study coincide with the outcomes of studies done in the past concluding that age, gender, pre-existing comorbidities, vaccination status, and Remdesivir administration, these five factors are associated with COVID-19 mortalities.
{"title":"Mortality analysis in cases of COVID-19 during the second wave at a tertiary care center in western India","authors":"R. Pandey, Ashok Mesharm","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":"India witnessed a devastating second surge of COVID-19 cases from March 2021. Evidence strongly advocates its association with the patients’ age, gender, pre-existing comorbidity, vaccination status, and Remdesivir administration during the treatment of the disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the significant relation of these five factors to in-hospital COVID-19 mortalities. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational cohort study between Jan 01 and May 30, 2021 in a tertiary care center in India. The outcome of interest is to identify the effect of vaccination, co-morbidities, and Remdesivir administration on COVID-19 mortality using SPSS software version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The mortality rate was found to be 6.8 % (N=117) during hospitalization. The mean age of patients who died due to COVID-19 was 70.41 ± 15.04 years and the median was 68.34 (IQR: 59.61-83.38) years. About 89% of the population was over 55 years of age. The mortality rate was found to be higher in males (N=77; 65.8%). Out of 117 deaths, 95 patients (81.2%) were unvaccinated, whereas only 15.4% (N=18) and 3.4% (N=4) have taken a single and double dose respectively. Approximately, 3 quarter of patients had 1 or more comorbidity. Remdesivir administration is associated with the survival of 84.0% in moderate to severe COVID-19 infected patients. Results of our study coincide with the outcomes of studies done in the past concluding that age, gender, pre-existing comorbidities, vaccination status, and Remdesivir administration, these five factors are associated with COVID-19 mortalities.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83526915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.030
Sakshi M. Bavdhankar, Komal R. Patil, Shreyash D. Tarlekar, Asavari R. Rasam, K. Alaskar, P. G. Tandale
The plant kingdom is rich in bioactive natural compounds, and extracts from various plants, as well as red, green, and brown macro and micro algae, can be used. is one of the largest filamentous green-alga genus. The majority of Cladophora species can be found all over the world, in both temperate and tropical climates. They are rich in secondary metabolites. The dried algal mass was crushed into a fine powder and acetone extract was used for phytochemical screening. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Antibacterial activity of against showed positive results.
{"title":"Physicochemical screening and antibacterial activity of fresh water macroalgae (L.) Kutz","authors":"Sakshi M. Bavdhankar, Komal R. Patil, Shreyash D. Tarlekar, Asavari R. Rasam, K. Alaskar, P. G. Tandale","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"The plant kingdom is rich in bioactive natural compounds, and extracts from various plants, as well as red, green, and brown macro and micro algae, can be used. is one of the largest filamentous green-alga genus. The majority of Cladophora species can be found all over the world, in both temperate and tropical climates. They are rich in secondary metabolites. The dried algal mass was crushed into a fine powder and acetone extract was used for phytochemical screening. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Antibacterial activity of against showed positive results.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88476442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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