Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.043
Mukut Raj, Manu Priya, Hemant Kumar Singh, Suryakanta Swain
A mass of aberrant tissue that has grown as a result of excessive, autonomous, and uncontrolled cell proliferation is known as a cancer, neoplasm, or tumour. The loss of the cell's regulatory system and an aberrant chromosome or DNA mutation are both contributing factors to this condition. Neoplasm refers to new growth, and neoplasia refers to the process of cell proliferation. Oncology, which derives from the Greek words oncos, which means tumour, and logos, which means study, is the area of medicine that deals with the thorough examination of a neoplasm (tumour), as well as its growth, diagnosis, and treatment. Generally, all malignant tumours are referred to as cancer. A safe and effective alternative for the treatment of tumours that produce granular exocytosis (perforin and granzymes) and death and do not respond to conventional treatment, cancer immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as two primary pathways implicated in CL-mediated tumour cell death. Treatments, including various ligand kinds, are briefly discussed before a comprehensive analysis of high aggressiveness. New immune modulators include immunotherapy, CTLA-4 blockers (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes unsupervised), and drugs involved in cell death during immunological cancer. Due to metastases from neighbouring organs and coexisting conditions such cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, primary liver cancer is challenging to precisely diagnose after death. By altering the base rate or by influencing risk modification by sex and age, trends in diagnostic accuracy may have an impact on estimates of the radiation risk for liver cancer.
由于细胞过度、自主和不受控制的增殖而形成的大量异常组织被称为癌症、肿瘤或瘤。细胞调节系统的缺失和染色体或 DNA 的异常突变都是导致这种情况的因素。肿瘤指的是新的生长，而新生物指的是细胞增殖的过程。肿瘤学（Oncology）源于希腊语 oncos（肿瘤）和 logos（研究），是医学领域中对肿瘤（neoplasm）及其生长、诊断和治疗进行彻底检查的学科。一般来说，所有恶性肿瘤都被称为癌症。癌症免疫疗法是治疗产生颗粒外渗（穿孔素和颗粒酶）和死亡且对常规治疗无效的肿瘤的一种安全有效的替代疗法，近年来，癌症免疫疗法已成为牵涉到CL介导的肿瘤细胞死亡的两个主要途径。在对高侵袭性进行全面分析之前，将简要讨论包括各种配体在内的治疗方法。新的免疫调节剂包括免疫疗法、CTLA-4阻断剂（细胞毒性T淋巴细胞不受监督）以及参与免疫性癌症期间细胞死亡的药物。由于邻近器官的转移以及肝硬化和慢性肝炎等并存病症，原发性肝癌死后的精确诊断具有挑战性。通过改变基准率或影响性别和年龄的风险修正，诊断准确性的趋势可能会对肝癌辐射风险的估算产生影响。
{"title":"Cancer death scenario: A brief concept on cancer related deaths","authors":"Mukut Raj, Manu Priya, Hemant Kumar Singh, Suryakanta Swain","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"A mass of aberrant tissue that has grown as a result of excessive, autonomous, and uncontrolled cell proliferation is known as a cancer, neoplasm, or tumour. The loss of the cell's regulatory system and an aberrant chromosome or DNA mutation are both contributing factors to this condition. Neoplasm refers to new growth, and neoplasia refers to the process of cell proliferation. Oncology, which derives from the Greek words oncos, which means tumour, and logos, which means study, is the area of medicine that deals with the thorough examination of a neoplasm (tumour), as well as its growth, diagnosis, and treatment. Generally, all malignant tumours are referred to as cancer. A safe and effective alternative for the treatment of tumours that produce granular exocytosis (perforin and granzymes) and death and do not respond to conventional treatment, cancer immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as two primary pathways implicated in CL-mediated tumour cell death. Treatments, including various ligand kinds, are briefly discussed before a comprehensive analysis of high aggressiveness. New immune modulators include immunotherapy, CTLA-4 blockers (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes unsupervised), and drugs involved in cell death during immunological cancer. Due to metastases from neighbouring organs and coexisting conditions such cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, primary liver cancer is challenging to precisely diagnose after death. By altering the base rate or by influencing risk modification by sex and age, trends in diagnostic accuracy may have an impact on estimates of the radiation risk for liver cancer.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.045
Geeta Y Gupta, Yogesh A Gupta
Cardiac dysregulation, specifically perturbations in heart rate constitutes a pivotal factor influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with diverse pathological conditions including angina (chronic/stable), acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, respiratory distress, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral stenosis. The pharmacological apparatus for heart rate control refined over decades encompasses various classes of agents each adhering to specific protocols. Among these Ivabradine has garnered attention as a non-inferior alternative to extant heart rate-reducing medications providing a subtle approach to cardiovascular therapeutics.
{"title":"Ivabradine: Unraveling the intricacies of heart rate modulation in cardiovascular pathologies","authors":"Geeta Y Gupta, Yogesh A Gupta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac dysregulation, specifically perturbations in heart rate constitutes a pivotal factor influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with diverse pathological conditions including angina (chronic/stable), acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, respiratory distress, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral stenosis. The pharmacological apparatus for heart rate control refined over decades encompasses various classes of agents each adhering to specific protocols. Among these Ivabradine has garnered attention as a non-inferior alternative to extant heart rate-reducing medications providing a subtle approach to cardiovascular therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.042
Ravinandan A P, A. Raksha
{"title":"The “Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA)” As a tool to improve pharmacotherapy in elderly","authors":"Ravinandan A P, A. Raksha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.044
Tulsi Dipakbhai Patel, Gunjan, V. G. Vanteddu
One of the main causes of cancer-related fatalities is colorectal cancer (CRC). The majority of patients frequently receive a late diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the absence of accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, greater metastasis and shorter survival rates were seen in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Recent advances in cancer treatment have been made possible by therapeutic immune system potentiation. The immune system and the kynurenine pathway (KP) are closely related. As a result of kynurenine's promotion of T Reg (regulatory) differentiation, more anti-inflammatory cytokines are produced and the cytotoxic activity of T cells is suppressed. In malignancies, the overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) creates a micro environment where mutant cells can survive and invade neighboring tissues.The poor prognosis of several cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematologic malignancies, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, is predicted by overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), particularly the overactivation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Additionally, kynurenine promotes cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The evolving understanding of the kynurenine pathway (KP) and its use in colorectal cancer (CRC) is covered in this review. An essential amino acid called tryptophan can be processed by several different pathways, with the kynurenine pathway (KP) being one of the more important ones. Kynurenine (KYN) is recognized as an oncometabolite in colon cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) that results from its subsequent metabolites. For several physiological activities, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes kynurenine metabolism, is required. We talked about IDO's role in colorectal cancer (CRC) in this review. IDO knockdown decreased the expression of cancer stem cell markers as well as the ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to migrate and invade. The application of an inhibitor to restrict the enzymatic activity of IDO also prevented the formation of spheres and hindered cell motility in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. These findings demonstrate the clinical significance of IDO in the growth and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors.
结直肠癌（CRC）是导致癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。由于缺乏准确的预后和预测生物标志物，大多数患者经常被晚期诊断为结直肠癌（CRC）。此外，结直肠癌（CRC）患者的转移率更高，生存期更短。通过治疗性免疫系统增效，癌症治疗取得了最新进展。免疫系统与犬尿氨酸途径（KP）密切相关。犬尿氨酸能促进 T Reg（调节性）分化，从而产生更多的抗炎细胞因子，并抑制 T 细胞的细胞毒性活性。在恶性肿瘤中，犬尿氨酸通路（KP）的过度激活创造了一种微环境，使突变细胞得以存活并侵入邻近组织。犬尿氨酸途径（KP）的过度激活，尤其是吲哚胺 2,3-二氧化酶（IDO）的过度激活，预示着多种癌症（包括胃肠道癌症、妇科癌症、血液系统恶性肿瘤、乳腺癌、肺癌、胶质瘤、黑色素瘤、前列腺癌和胰腺癌）的不良预后。此外，犬尿氨酸还能促进癌细胞的侵袭、转移和化疗抗药性。本综述将介绍对犬尿氨酸途径（KP）及其在结直肠癌（CRC）中应用的不断发展的认识。一种名为色氨酸的必需氨基酸可通过几种不同的途径进行加工，其中犬尿氨酸途径（KP）是最重要的途径之一。犬尿氨酸（KYN）被认为是结肠癌和由其后续代谢产物导致的结直肠癌（CRC）的代谢产物。吲哚胺 2,3-二氧化酶（IDO）是催化犬尿氨酸代谢的一种重要酶，它是多种生理活动所必需的。我们在这篇综述中谈到了 IDO 在结直肠癌（CRC）中的作用。IDO被敲除后，癌症干细胞标记物的表达以及结直肠癌（CRC）细胞的迁移和侵袭能力都会下降。应用抑制剂限制IDO的酶活性也能防止结直肠癌（CRC）细胞形成球体并阻碍细胞运动。这些研究结果表明，IDO 在结直肠癌（CRC）肿瘤的生长和致癌过程中具有重要的临床意义。
{"title":"Exploring the importance of kynurenine pathway (KP) approaches in colorectal cancer (CRC)","authors":"Tulsi Dipakbhai Patel, Gunjan, V. G. Vanteddu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main causes of cancer-related fatalities is colorectal cancer (CRC). The majority of patients frequently receive a late diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the absence of accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, greater metastasis and shorter survival rates were seen in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Recent advances in cancer treatment have been made possible by therapeutic immune system potentiation. The immune system and the kynurenine pathway (KP) are closely related. As a result of kynurenine's promotion of T Reg (regulatory) differentiation, more anti-inflammatory cytokines are produced and the cytotoxic activity of T cells is suppressed. In malignancies, the overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) creates a micro environment where mutant cells can survive and invade neighboring tissues.The poor prognosis of several cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematologic malignancies, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, is predicted by overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), particularly the overactivation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Additionally, kynurenine promotes cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The evolving understanding of the kynurenine pathway (KP) and its use in colorectal cancer (CRC) is covered in this review. An essential amino acid called tryptophan can be processed by several different pathways, with the kynurenine pathway (KP) being one of the more important ones. Kynurenine (KYN) is recognized as an oncometabolite in colon cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) that results from its subsequent metabolites. For several physiological activities, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes kynurenine metabolism, is required. We talked about IDO's role in colorectal cancer (CRC) in this review. IDO knockdown decreased the expression of cancer stem cell markers as well as the ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to migrate and invade. The application of an inhibitor to restrict the enzymatic activity of IDO also prevented the formation of spheres and hindered cell motility in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. These findings demonstrate the clinical significance of IDO in the growth and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.052
J. Narendra Varma, E. Satheesh Kumar, Asna Subair, Gouthaman Sunil, V. B. Narayana Swamy, Sapna Patil
To evaluate drug utilization patterns in terms of WHO indicators, urological disorders, and other health issues in patients of a tertiary care hospital.After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. The data were collected from the patient case profile and prescriptions and noted in a self-designed data collection form. The statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS software and Excel. In a study of 200 patients with urological disorders (129 males and 67 females), common co-morbidities included diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) were the prevalent diagnoses. Prescribed drugs included analgesics, antipyretics (26.7%), antibiotics (18.1%), proton pump inhibitors (18.0%), anti-hypertensives (8.7%), anti-emetics (7.9%), anti-hyperlipidemic (7.6%), vaccines (7.5%), and loop diuretics (5.5%). Average drugs per prescription were 6.94, with 23.79% prescribed generically. Antibiotics accounted for 48% of encounters, and injectables were used in 52% of cases. All the drugs came from the essential list. Polypharmacy affected 58% of patients over 50 years, with 32 major interactions and observed adverse drug reactions. The current research provides valuable insights into the overall pattern of drugs used in urological disorders. Physicians should be encouraged to increase generic prescribing to reduce medication cost burdens as well as to avoid unessential drugs, which may lead to polypharmacy and may result in other medication-related problems.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on drug utilization and it’s cost analysis in the urological disorders and other health issues in patients of a tertiary care hospital","authors":"J. Narendra Varma, E. Satheesh Kumar, Asna Subair, Gouthaman Sunil, V. B. Narayana Swamy, Sapna Patil","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate drug utilization patterns in terms of WHO indicators, urological disorders, and other health issues in patients of a tertiary care hospital.After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. The data were collected from the patient case profile and prescriptions and noted in a self-designed data collection form. The statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS software and Excel. In a study of 200 patients with urological disorders (129 males and 67 females), common co-morbidities included diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) were the prevalent diagnoses. Prescribed drugs included analgesics, antipyretics (26.7%), antibiotics (18.1%), proton pump inhibitors (18.0%), anti-hypertensives (8.7%), anti-emetics (7.9%), anti-hyperlipidemic (7.6%), vaccines (7.5%), and loop diuretics (5.5%). Average drugs per prescription were 6.94, with 23.79% prescribed generically. Antibiotics accounted for 48% of encounters, and injectables were used in 52% of cases. All the drugs came from the essential list. Polypharmacy affected 58% of patients over 50 years, with 32 major interactions and observed adverse drug reactions. The current research provides valuable insights into the overall pattern of drugs used in urological disorders. Physicians should be encouraged to increase generic prescribing to reduce medication cost burdens as well as to avoid unessential drugs, which may lead to polypharmacy and may result in other medication-related problems. ","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.047
Dhanashri.T. Jawal, Z. K. Khan, Viraj. H. Lambhate, Rutuja R. Raut, Vaishnavi A. Jagadale
In the indigenous medical system, Terminalia arjuna is one of the most widely used and advantageous medicinal herbs for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. This thorough analysis offers the most recent information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological data, toxicological data, clinical efficacy, safety and efficacy of Terminalia arjuna. It also lays out plans for further study and development to substantiate the plant's therapeutic potential through scientific means. A thorough web and library search of numerous indexed and non-indexed journals, some local literature and a variety of publications published on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and traditional usage were used to gather information about Terminalia arjuna. Regarding the effectiveness and safety profile of Terminalia arjuna, numerous pre-clinical (2000–2014) and clinical investigations (1990–2014) have also been taken into consideration. The pleiotropic advantages associated with Terminalia arjuna, comprising its anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical investigations. These effects can be used to treat a variety of cardiovascular problems. There is sample evidence to support the plant's good safety profile when combined with other traditional medications. The precise molecular mechanism of its action, the best way to administer the medication, whether to employ an alcoholic, watery or crude extract, toxicological research and how it interacts with other medications are all poorly understood. This review concludes by emphasizing the significance of Terminalia arjuna, as well as its pleiotropic effects and functional characteristics particularly in relation to cardiovascular disorders. Even though a number of pharmacological research and clinical trials back up its traditional use in treating CVD, more rigorous, state-of-the-art clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to evaluate Terminalia arjuna purported efficacy.
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of herbal chocolate from Arjuna Bark- treatment of heart disease condition","authors":"Dhanashri.T. Jawal, Z. K. Khan, Viraj. H. Lambhate, Rutuja R. Raut, Vaishnavi A. Jagadale","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":"In the indigenous medical system, Terminalia arjuna is one of the most widely used and advantageous medicinal herbs for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. This thorough analysis offers the most recent information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological data, toxicological data, clinical efficacy, safety and efficacy of Terminalia arjuna. It also lays out plans for further study and development to substantiate the plant's therapeutic potential through scientific means. A thorough web and library search of numerous indexed and non-indexed journals, some local literature and a variety of publications published on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and traditional usage were used to gather information about Terminalia arjuna. Regarding the effectiveness and safety profile of Terminalia arjuna, numerous pre-clinical (2000–2014) and clinical investigations (1990–2014) have also been taken into consideration. The pleiotropic advantages associated with Terminalia arjuna, comprising its anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical investigations. These effects can be used to treat a variety of cardiovascular problems. There is sample evidence to support the plant's good safety profile when combined with other traditional medications. The precise molecular mechanism of its action, the best way to administer the medication, whether to employ an alcoholic, watery or crude extract, toxicological research and how it interacts with other medications are all poorly understood. This review concludes by emphasizing the significance of Terminalia arjuna, as well as its pleiotropic effects and functional characteristics particularly in relation to cardiovascular disorders. Even though a number of pharmacological research and clinical trials back up its traditional use in treating CVD, more rigorous, state-of-the-art clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to evaluate Terminalia arjuna purported efficacy.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.051
Anand Kar, Yasha J Jha, D. Mahar
: Hyperlipidemia leads to coronary artery disease. Although statins are used conventionally, they are often associated with side effects. It has now been attempted to study the role of flower (MOF) extract in the regulation of tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia and tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male mice.Six groups of animals were taken. Group I acted as control and group II, receiving tyloxapol (300 mg/kg, single dose on 14 day) served as hyperlipidemic control. Group III received simvastatin (200 mg/kg), while group IV, V and VI received MOF extract at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg every day respectively for 15 days. These four groups (III- VI) also received same amount of tyloxapol on 14 day. On day 16 changes in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein; hepatic LPO, super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and histological changes in liver were analyzed. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated. The in-vitro antioxidative property was checked through DPPH and HO assays.: Results showed significant reduction in all the serum lipids except HDL, which was increased in MOF treated hyperlipidemic mice, with the parallel decrease in hepatic LPO and increase in antioxidants. Histological studies also showed reduction in hepatic damage with the pre-treatment of MOF. However, the most effective dose was found to be 400 mg/kg of MOF. : We suggest that flower extract may ameliorate hyperlipidemia with antioxidative benefits.
{"title":"Role of flower extract in preventing hyperlipidemia and liver lipid peroxidation in male mice","authors":"Anand Kar, Yasha J Jha, D. Mahar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.051","url":null,"abstract":": Hyperlipidemia leads to coronary artery disease. Although statins are used conventionally, they are often associated with side effects. It has now been attempted to study the role of flower (MOF) extract in the regulation of tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia and tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) in male mice.Six groups of animals were taken. Group I acted as control and group II, receiving tyloxapol (300 mg/kg, single dose on 14 day) served as hyperlipidemic control. Group III received simvastatin (200 mg/kg), while group IV, V and VI received MOF extract at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg every day respectively for 15 days. These four groups (III- VI) also received same amount of tyloxapol on 14 day. On day 16 changes in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein; hepatic LPO, super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and histological changes in liver were analyzed. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated. The in-vitro antioxidative property was checked through DPPH and HO assays.: Results showed significant reduction in all the serum lipids except HDL, which was increased in MOF treated hyperlipidemic mice, with the parallel decrease in hepatic LPO and increase in antioxidants. Histological studies also showed reduction in hepatic damage with the pre-treatment of MOF. However, the most effective dose was found to be 400 mg/kg of MOF. : We suggest that flower extract may ameliorate hyperlipidemia with antioxidative benefits.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.050
R. Soruba, V. Sathiya
One of the reasons diseases are re-emerging is due to multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria in the environment because of overuse of antibiotics. The conventional antibiotics are losing their efficacy against the strains that they used to work against. These prevailing conditions push us towards the pursuit of finding new antimicrobial agents. They might prove to be the solution for the problem under consideration. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The leaves were extracted using methanol and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method. Our results demonstrated significant antimicrobial potential for the methanol extract, with pronounced inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including This assay suggests their potential application as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which may contribute to their antimicrobial efficacy. These findings highlight leaf extracts as promising sources of natural antimicrobial agents that could be developed into novel therapeutics to combat AMR and enhance public health. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and evaluate their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.
疾病重新出现的原因之一是，由于过度使用抗生素，环境中出现了对多种药物产生抗药性的菌株。传统的抗生素对曾经有效的菌株正在失去效力。这些普遍情况促使我们去寻找新的抗菌剂。新的抗菌剂也许能解决我们正在考虑的问题。在这项研究中，我们研究了树叶提取物对一系列病原微生物的抗菌活性。树叶用甲醇提取，抗菌活性用琼脂盘扩散法进行评估。结果表明，甲醇提取物具有明显的抗菌潜力，对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有明显的抑制作用。此外，植物化学分析表明，叶提取物中含有生物活性化合物，如生物碱、黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物，这些化合物可能有助于提高叶提取物的抗菌功效。这些发现突出表明，树叶提取物是很有前景的天然抗菌剂来源，可以开发成新型疗法，用于抗击 AMR 和改善公共卫生。不过，还需要进一步的研究来阐明其潜在的作用机制，并评估其在临床环境中的安全性和有效性。
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.048
Prajila Mavila, M. C. Jamali
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of health problems and death worldwide. To review the efficacy of Metoprolol and Apixaban in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by meta-analysis studies. Various databases like PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to collect the related studies that were published in English during the years 1980-2013. Only Random Clinical Trials (RCT) were included in this analysis. Risk bias assessment was according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of the Interventions 6.4. Meta-analysis was done with the help of RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 10 (one study with different drug concentrations) related articles with 33312 patients were selected for this meta-analysis. In the Metoprolol-treated observation group of patients, the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity [M.H=0.80,95%CI=0.67-0.95, Z=2.5, and P=0.01] was lower and in Apixaban-treated patients [M.H=0.32,95%CI=0.08-1.19, Z=1.7 and P=0.09] the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity were higher and the difference was noted. It's clear that Apixaban and Metoprolol have a great role in treating cardiovascular diseases. The authors however acknowledge the presence of publication bias and limitations stemming from small sample sizes in some studies, demonstrating a critical and unbiased approach to analysis. Furthermore, it wisely calls for future research endeavors with larger sample sizes, contributing to the ongoing enhancement of treatments for cardiovascular diseases. This balanced and forward-looking analysis consolidates the importance of pharmaceutical interventions in managing cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Efficacy of Metoprolol and Apixaban in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis","authors":"Prajila Mavila, M. C. Jamali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of health problems and death worldwide. To review the efficacy of Metoprolol and Apixaban in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by meta-analysis studies. Various databases like PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to collect the related studies that were published in English during the years 1980-2013. Only Random Clinical Trials (RCT) were included in this analysis. Risk bias assessment was according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of the Interventions 6.4. Meta-analysis was done with the help of RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 10 (one study with different drug concentrations) related articles with 33312 patients were selected for this meta-analysis. In the Metoprolol-treated observation group of patients, the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity [M.H=0.80,95%CI=0.67-0.95, Z=2.5, and P=0.01] was lower and in Apixaban-treated patients [M.H=0.32,95%CI=0.08-1.19, Z=1.7 and P=0.09] the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity were higher and the difference was noted. It's clear that Apixaban and Metoprolol have a great role in treating cardiovascular diseases. The authors however acknowledge the presence of publication bias and limitations stemming from small sample sizes in some studies, demonstrating a critical and unbiased approach to analysis. Furthermore, it wisely calls for future research endeavors with larger sample sizes, contributing to the ongoing enhancement of treatments for cardiovascular diseases. This balanced and forward-looking analysis consolidates the importance of pharmaceutical interventions in managing cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.054
Shone George, Shiby Sara Shaji, Manish Mohan, M. M. Shahul Hameed, Jacob Jesurun
Anisocoria or unequal pupil size is an alarming sign of a neurologic emergency, especially when the patient is in a critical care setting. It is important to identify the aetiology of anisocoria and consider drug-induced anisocoria as a possible aetiology after ruling out underlying pathology if any. Ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic drug, can cause anisocoria. This case report emphasises Ipratropium bromide-induced anisocoria.
{"title":"Case report on Ipratropium Bromide induced Anisocoria","authors":"Shone George, Shiby Sara Shaji, Manish Mohan, M. M. Shahul Hameed, Jacob Jesurun","doi":"10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.054","url":null,"abstract":"Anisocoria or unequal pupil size is an alarming sign of a neurologic emergency, especially when the patient is in a critical care setting. It is important to identify the aetiology of anisocoria and consider drug-induced anisocoria as a possible aetiology after ruling out underlying pathology if any. Ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic drug, can cause anisocoria. This case report emphasises Ipratropium bromide-induced anisocoria.","PeriodicalId":13313,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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