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Robust Adaptive Beamforming for Radar Target Polarization Scattering Matrix Estimation 雷达目标偏振散射矩阵估计的鲁棒自适应波束形成
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3646485
Hengyu Chen;Jiazhi Ma;Mengyuan Dong;Xitong Yang;Yongzhen Li
Polarimetric phased array radar (PPAR) has the capability to suppress mainlobe and sidelobe interferences by fully utilizing multiple polarization channels. However, adaptive beamforming technique for PPAR, which generates nulls in the space-polarization domain, causes the received signals from multiple polarization channels to be weighted into one. This results in an inherent loss of target polarization, preventing the measurement of target polarization scattering matrix (PSM). In this paper, a robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) approach for PPAR is proposed to estimate the PSM while suppressing the mainlobe and sidelobe interferences. In our solution, dual-beams characterized by a pair of optimal orthogonal polarizations are adaptively formed to reconstruct the polarization channels. Furthermore, multiple uncertainty sets are devised, including a spatial uncertainty set and a pair of polarization-associated uncertainty sets, which respectively improve performance in beam polarization stability and mainlobe interference suppression. This problem is then formulated as a non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP), which is transformed into a difference of convex (DC) programming problem. Subsequently, it is efficiently solved via a sequential convex programming (SCP) algorithm, incorporating an initial point selection strategy. We further conduct a thorough performance analysis focusing on three critical aspects. As a result, the dual-beams can suppress mainlobe and sidelobe interferences in the space-polarization domain while estimating the target PSM accurately. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
极化相控阵雷达(PPAR)充分利用多极化信道,具有抑制主瓣和副瓣干扰的能力。然而,PPAR的自适应波束形成技术在空间极化域产生零点,导致接收到的多个极化信道信号被加权为一个。这导致了目标偏振的固有损失,阻碍了目标偏振散射矩阵的测量。提出了一种用于PPAR的鲁棒自适应波束形成(RAB)方法,在抑制主瓣和副瓣干扰的同时估计PSM。在我们的解决方案中,自适应形成具有一对最优正交极化特征的双光束来重建极化通道。此外,设计了多个不确定性集,包括空间不确定性集和一对偏振相关不确定性集,分别提高了波束偏振稳定性和抑制主瓣干扰的性能。将该问题转化为非凸二次约束规划问题,并将其转化为凸差分规划问题。然后,利用序列凸规划(SCP)算法,结合初始点选择策略,有效地求解了该问题。我们进一步针对三个关键方面进行全面的性能分析。结果表明,双波束能够有效地抑制空间极化域的主瓣和副瓣干扰,同时能够准确地估计目标的PSM。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Topological Dictionary Learning 拓扑字典学习
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3646587
Enrico Grimaldi;Claudio Battiloro;Paolo Di Lorenzo
The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel dictionary learning algorithm for sparse representation of signals defined over combinatorial topological spaces, specifically, regular cell complexes. Leveraging Hodge theory, we embed topology into the dictionary structure via concatenated sub-dictionaries, each as a polynomial of Hodge Laplacians, yielding localized spectral topological filter frames. The learning problem is cast to jointly infer the underlying cell complex and optimize the dictionary coefficients and the sparse signal representation. We efficiently solve the problem via iterative alternating algorithms. Numerical results on both synthetic and real data show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure in jointly learning the sparse representations and the underlying relational structure of topological signals.
本文的目的是介绍一种新的字典学习算法,用于在组合拓扑空间上定义的信号的稀疏表示,特别是规则细胞复合体。利用Hodge理论,我们通过连接子字典将拓扑嵌入到字典结构中,每个子字典作为Hodge拉普拉斯算子的多项式,产生局部谱拓扑滤波器帧。学习问题是共同推断潜在的细胞复数,优化字典系数和稀疏信号表示。我们通过迭代交替算法有效地解决了这个问题。在合成数据和实际数据上的数值结果表明,该方法在联合学习拓扑信号的稀疏表示和潜在关系结构方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Direct Estimation of Eigenvalues of Large Dimensional Precision Matrix 大维精度矩阵特征值的直接估计
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3647215
Jie Zhou;Junhao Xie;Jiaqi Chen
In this paper, we consider directly estimating the eigenvalues of precision matrix, without inverting the corresponding estimator for the eigenvalues of covariance matrix. We focus on a general asymptotic regime, i.e., the large dimensional regime, where both the dimension $N$ and the sample size $K$ tend to infinity whereas their quotient $N/K$ converges to a positive constant. By utilizing tools from random matrix theory, we construct an improved estimator for eigenvalues of precision matrix. We prove the consistency of the new estimator under large dimensional regime. In order to obtain the asymptotic bias term of the proposed estimator, we provide a theoretical result that characterizes the convergence rate of the expected Stieltjes transform (with its derivative) of the spectra of the sample covariance matrix. Using this result, we prove that the asymptotic bias term of the proposed estimator is of order $O(1/K^{2})$. Additionally, we establish a central limiting theorem (CLT) to describe the fluctuations of the new estimator. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to validate the excellent performance of the new estimator and to verify the accuracy of the CLT.
本文考虑直接估计精度矩阵的特征值,而不需要对协方差矩阵的特征值进行相应的估计。我们关注一个一般的渐近域,即大维域,其中维数N$和样本量K$都趋于无穷,而它们的商N/K$收敛于一个正常数。利用随机矩阵理论的工具,构造了精度矩阵特征值的改进估计量。证明了新估计量在大维域下的相合性。为了得到所提估计量的渐近偏置项,我们提供了表征样本协方差矩阵谱的期望Stieltjes变换(及其导数)收敛速率的理论结果。利用这一结果,我们证明了所提估计量的渐近偏置项是O(1/K^{2})阶的。此外,我们建立了中心极限定理(CLT)来描述新估计量的波动。最后,给出了一些数值算例,验证了新估计器的优良性能,并验证了CLT的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Byzantine Attacks in Over-the-Air Cooperative Sensing Networks: Analysis and Defense 空中协同传感网络中的拜占庭式攻击:分析与防御
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3646135
Weiwei Wang;Vincent Huynh;Carlos Feres;Lifeng Lai;Zhi Ding
Cooperative Sensing Network (CSN) is an important system in broad applications such as Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Recent advances in Over-the-Air (OTA) computation have enhanced CSN efficiency by significantly lowering communication overhead, allowing multiple sensing agents to simultaneously transmit over the same spectrum resource. However, OTA-based sensing networks can be vulnerable to Byzantine Attacks (BAs), and detailed analyses of their effects remain unaddressed. This paper formulates a general BA model for OTA-based CSN that aims to maximize the probability of false alarm ($P_{F}$) and minimize the probability of detection ($P_{D}$). We identify the most damaging BA strategy under the linear attack model and evaluate its impact on OTA-based CSN. To mitigate the impact of Byzantine attacks, we propose a direct defense mechanism by adapting the joint detection threshold to lower $P_{F}$ to a desired level. We present analyses to show how such defensive approaches weaken detection performance. These findings highlight the need for further developing advanced defense strategies against BAs in OTA-based collaborative networks.
协同感知网络(CSN)是认知无线网络(CRNs)和物联网(IoT)等广泛应用的重要系统。无线(OTA)计算的最新进展通过显著降低通信开销来提高CSN效率,允许多个传感代理在同一频谱资源上同时传输。然而,基于ota的传感网络容易受到拜占庭式攻击(BAs)的攻击,对其影响的详细分析仍然没有得到解决。本文为基于ota的CSN建立了一个通用的BA模型,以最大虚警概率($P_{F}$)和最小检测概率($P_{D}$)为目标。我们确定了线性攻击模型下最具破坏性的BA策略,并评估了其对基于ota的CSN的影响。为了减轻拜占庭攻击的影响,我们提出了一种直接防御机制,通过调整联合检测阈值将$P_{F}$降低到所需的水平。我们提出的分析表明,这种防御方法如何削弱检测性能。这些发现强调了在基于ota的协作网络中进一步开发针对BAs的高级防御策略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Cram$acute{text{e}}$r-Rao Bounds for Laplacian Matrix Estimation 拉普拉斯矩阵估计的cram<s:1> - rao界
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3646236
Morad Halihal;Tirza Routtenberg;H. Vincent Poor
In this paper, we analyze the performance of the estimation of Laplacian matrices under general observation models. Laplacian matrix estimation involves structural constraints, including symmetry and null-space properties, along with matrix sparsity. By exploiting a linear reparametrization that enforces the structural constraints, we derive closed-form matrix expressions for the Cram$acute{text{e}}$r-Rao bound (CRB) specifically tailored to Laplacian matrix estimation. We further extend the derivation to the sparsity-constrained case, introducing two oracle CRBs that incorporate prior information of the support set, i.e. the locations of the nonzero entries in the Laplacian matrix. We examine the properties and order relations between the bounds, and provide the associated Slepian-Bangs formula for the Gaussian case. We demonstrate the use of the new CRBs in three representative applications: (i) topology identification in power systems, (ii) graph filter identification in diffused models, and (iii) precision matrix estimation in Gaussian Markov random fields under Laplacian constraints. The CRBs are evaluated and compared with the mean-squared-errors (MSEs) of the constrained maximum likelihood estimator (CMLE), which integrates both equality and inequality constraints along with sparsity constraints, and of the oracle CMLE, which knows the locations of the nonzero entries of the Laplacian matrix. We perform this analysis for the applications of power system topology identification and graphical LASSO, and demonstrate that the MSEs of the estimators converge to the CRB and oracle CRB, given a sufficient number of measurements.
本文分析了一般观测模型下拉普拉斯矩阵估计的性能。拉普拉斯矩阵估计涉及结构约束,包括对称性和零空间性质,以及矩阵稀疏性。通过利用线性重参数化来强化结构约束,我们推导出了专门针对拉普拉斯矩阵估计的Cram$acute{text{e}}$r-Rao界(CRB)的封闭形式矩阵表达式。我们进一步将推导扩展到稀疏约束的情况,引入了两个包含支持集先验信息的oracle crb,即拉普拉斯矩阵中非零项的位置。我们研究了边界之间的性质和顺序关系,并给出了高斯情况下的相关Slepian-Bangs公式。我们展示了新的crb在三个代表性应用中的使用:(i)电力系统中的拓扑识别,(ii)扩散模型中的图滤波器识别,以及(iii)拉普拉斯约束下高斯马尔可夫随机场中的精确矩阵估计。对crb进行了评估,并与约束极大似然估计(CMLE)的均方误差(MSEs)进行了比较。约束极大似然估计(CMLE)集成了等式和不等式约束以及稀疏性约束,而oracle CMLE知道拉普拉斯矩阵的非零项的位置。我们对电力系统拓扑识别和图形LASSO的应用进行了分析,并证明了在给定足够数量的测量值的情况下,估计器的mse收敛于CRB和oracle CRB。
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引用次数: 0
Ziv-Zakai Bound for DOAs Estimation under Arbitrary-bit Quantization 任意比特量化下DOAs估计的Ziv-Zakai界
IF 5.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/tsp.2025.3639025
Zongyu Zhang, Zhiguo Shi, Jiming Chen, Maria Sabrina Greco, Fulvio Gini, Yujie Gu
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge-Aided Integrated Radar and Jamming Waveform Design via Iterative Fractional Programming Algorithm 基于迭代分数规划算法的知识辅助集成雷达与干扰波形设计
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3645929
Jing Yang;Tao Fan;Xianxiang Yu;Zhengyu Zhu;Chenguang Shi;Yangyang Dong;Guolong Cui
This paper deals with the dual function waveform design problem for a knowledge-aided integrated radar and jamming (IRAJ) system. Supposing the IRAJ system has access to an information database obtained from a reconnaissance system for the threatening radar’s transmit waveform knowledge, the signal-to-jamming and noise ratio (SJNR) at the output of the threatening radar filter is considered as a figure of merit to reduce its detection probability, which represents the performance of blanket jamming. Besides, along with energy and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) constraints to comply with the hardware realization, let us minimize the weighted peak sidelobe level (WPSL) or maximize the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the IRAJ system for the detection performance according to the delay structure of reflected echoes. To tackle the resulting non-convex multi-objective optimization problems, iterative fractional programming algorithms (IFPA) leveraging cyclic algorithm-new (CAN) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) are proposed, respectively. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the competition between radar and jamming functions within the proposed Pareto optimization framework and validate the effectiveness of the conceived algorithms.
研究了知识辅助雷达与干扰集成系统的双功能波形设计问题。假设IRAJ系统可以访问从侦察系统获取的威胁雷达发射波形知识信息库,将威胁雷达滤波器输出的信噪比(SJNR)作为降低其检测概率的优劣值,表征毯状干扰的性能。此外,在符合硬件实现的能量和峰均比(PAR)约束下,根据反射回波的延迟结构,为了保证检测性能,我们可以最小化加权峰值旁瓣电平(WPSL)或最大化IRAJ系统的信噪比(SINR)。为了解决由此产生的非凸多目标优化问题,分别提出了利用循环新算法(CAN)和乘法器交替方向法(ADMM)的迭代分数规划算法(IFPA)。最后,给出了仿真结果,证明了在Pareto优化框架内雷达和干扰功能之间的竞争,并验证了所构想算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Camouflage Adversarial Attacks on Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Systems 多智能体强化学习系统的伪装对抗攻击
IF 5.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/tsp.2025.3644869
Ziqing Lu, Guanlin Liu, Lifeng Lai, Weiyu Xu
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Error Analysis of Channel Estimation for IRS-Assisted MIMO Systems irs辅助MIMO系统信道估计的最优误差分析
IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2025.3645629
Zhen Qin;Zhihui Zhu
As intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a new and promising technology capable of configuring the wireless environment favorably, channel estimation for IRS-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has garnered extensive attention in recent years. Despite the development of numerous algorithms to address this challenge, a comprehensive theoretical characterization of the optimal recovery error is still lacking. This paper aims to address this gap by providing theoretical guarantees in terms of stable recovery of channel matrices for noisy measurements. We begin by establishing the equivalence between IRS-assisted MIMO systems in the uplink scenario and a compact tensor train (TT)-based tensor-on-tensor (ToT) regression. Building on this equivalence, we then investigate the restricted isometry property (RIP) for complex-valued subgaussian measurements. Our analysis reveals that successful recovery hinges on the relationship between the number of user terminals and the number of time slots during which channel matrices remain invariant. Utilizing the RIP condition, we establish a theoretical upper bound on the recovery error for solutions to the constrained least-squares optimization problem, as well as a minimax lower bound for the considered model. Our analysis demonstrates that the recovery error decreases inversely with the number of time slots, and increases proportionally with the total number of unknown entries in the channel matrices, thereby quantifying the fundamental trade-offs in channel estimation accuracy. In addition, we explore a multi-hop IRS scheme and analyze the corresponding recovery errors. Finally, we have performed numerical experiments to support our theoretical findings.
近年来,智能反射面(IRS)作为一种具有良好无线环境配置能力的新兴技术,其辅助多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的信道估计得到了广泛的关注。尽管开发了许多算法来解决这一挑战,但仍然缺乏最优恢复误差的全面理论表征。本文旨在通过为噪声测量的信道矩阵的稳定恢复提供理论保证来解决这一差距。我们首先在上行场景中建立irs辅助MIMO系统与基于紧凑张量序列(TT)的张量对张量(ToT)回归之间的等价性。在此等价的基础上,我们研究了复值亚高斯测量的受限等距性质(RIP)。我们的分析表明,成功的恢复取决于用户终端数量和信道矩阵保持不变的时隙数量之间的关系。利用RIP条件,我们建立了约束最小二乘优化问题解的恢复误差的理论上界,以及所考虑模型的极大极小下界。我们的分析表明,恢复误差与时隙的数量成反比,与信道矩阵中未知条目的总数成比例地增加,从而量化了信道估计精度的基本权衡。此外,我们还探索了一种多跳IRS方案,并分析了相应的恢复误差。最后,我们进行了数值实验来支持我们的理论发现。
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引用次数: 0
Doubly Adaptive Social Learning 双适应性社会学习
IF 5.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/tsp.2025.3644686
Marco Carpentiero, Virginia Bordignon, Vincenzo Matta, Ali H. Sayed
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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