Chlorpyrifos is a moderately hazardous insecticide to humans (Class II) by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its acute toxicity still we are using cost-competitive and widely available suitable for various agro-climatic conditions, especially in arid regions of India. Our study explores the sustainable biodegradation pathways of biodegradation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soils so that a novel chlorpyrifos-degrading fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus and Fusarium with the unique capability to degrade Chlorpyrifos. Identification of C1 and C2 two fungal strains, followed by isolation and characterization of CP and TCP degrading fungi through efficient biodegradation method. By LC-MS analysis the m/z values of sample TCP detected in culture medium and soil Aspergillus and Fusarium were able to completely mineralize Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP from C1 and C2 culture grown in Mineral medium after 7 days of incubation soil without formation of any known intermediates. This study supports the idea that soils contaminated with Chlorpyrifos could be remedied effectively using fungi that break down Chlorpyrifos. Hence, this fungal consortium can be a valuable bio-augmenting agent to clean up Chlorpyrifos contaminated sites and helps in the sustainable management of natural resources.
{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of Chlorpyrifos by Fungi Isolated from Agricultural Soil, Elucidating their Degradation Pathways by LC-MS-Based Metabolomics","authors":"Santhosh M. Sosale, Raju N. S.","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9026","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorpyrifos is a moderately hazardous insecticide to humans (Class II) by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its acute toxicity still we are using cost-competitive and widely available suitable for various agro-climatic conditions, especially in arid regions of India. Our study explores the sustainable biodegradation pathways of biodegradation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soils so that a novel chlorpyrifos-degrading fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus and Fusarium with the unique capability to degrade Chlorpyrifos. Identification of C1 and C2 two fungal strains, followed by isolation and characterization of CP and TCP degrading fungi through efficient biodegradation method. By LC-MS analysis the m/z values of sample TCP detected in culture medium and soil Aspergillus and Fusarium were able to completely mineralize Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite TCP from C1 and C2 culture grown in Mineral medium after 7 days of incubation soil without formation of any known intermediates. This study supports the idea that soils contaminated with Chlorpyrifos could be remedied effectively using fungi that break down Chlorpyrifos. Hence, this fungal consortium can be a valuable bio-augmenting agent to clean up Chlorpyrifos contaminated sites and helps in the sustainable management of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"50 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usage of habitat, rate of growth, dispersion, and the reaction of a population to management activities are all factors in estimating the richness of wild animals. However, because there are so many real-world field issues, determining the densities of herbivore animals in the forest is challenging. The current study is conducted in Kawal Tiger Reserve, northeast of Telangana, to estimate the number of big herbivore mammals and learn more about how these animals use various habitats. The direct sighting and line transect methods were applied to collect systematic data. 7 species of large herbivore viz. Bluebull, Four-horned Antelope, Indian Gaur, Spotted Deer, Sambar Deer, Indian Gazelle, Wild boar were observed during the surveys. Based on the information, the habitat preferences of different large herbivore species in the study area is assessed. Results shows the richness of the species is abundant in the study area due to availability of sufficient food resources, sufficient water resources. No adverse increase or decrease in the quantity of sightings annually. Even if there have been a few local hunting occurrences, they are not noteworthy nor do they appear to have any impact on the extinction of species. It may also lamentably state that our carnivore density is really low.
{"title":"Diversity and Distribution of Large Herbivore Mammals in Kawal Tiger Reserve, Telangana State","authors":"Venkatesh Anagandhula, Suricuchi Padmaja","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9022","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of habitat, rate of growth, dispersion, and the reaction of a population to management activities are all factors in estimating the richness of wild animals. However, because there are so many real-world field issues, determining the densities of herbivore animals in the forest is challenging. The current study is conducted in Kawal Tiger Reserve, northeast of Telangana, to estimate the number of big herbivore mammals and learn more about how these animals use various habitats. The direct sighting and line transect methods were applied to collect systematic data. 7 species of large herbivore viz. Bluebull, Four-horned Antelope, Indian Gaur, Spotted Deer, Sambar Deer, Indian Gazelle, Wild boar were observed during the surveys. Based on the information, the habitat preferences of different large herbivore species in the study area is assessed. Results shows the richness of the species is abundant in the study area due to availability of sufficient food resources, sufficient water resources. No adverse increase or decrease in the quantity of sightings annually. Even if there have been a few local hunting occurrences, they are not noteworthy nor do they appear to have any impact on the extinction of species. It may also lamentably state that our carnivore density is really low.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"11 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eighteen Malabari kids of three to six months of age were divided into three dietary treatments (T1, T2 and T3) of six animals each, based on age, sex and body weight to study the effect of dietary incorporation of Sukumara gritham residue on their blood biochemical profile. The animals in treatment T1 (control) were given standard kid starter ration as per ICAR (2013) while in group T2 and T3, Sukumara gritham residue was included to the level of 10 and 20 per cent, respectively. The heamatological parameters viz., haemoglobin and biochemical parameters, viz., total protein, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and albumin were found to be similar in all the groups after 90 days of feeding trial. Hence, Sukumara gritham residue could be safely included in the kid starter ration up to 20 per cent level without any adverse effect on blood biochemical parameters.
{"title":"Effect of Sukumara Gritham Residue Based Diet on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Malabari Goat Kids","authors":"Biju Chacko, Senthil Murugan S.","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9021","url":null,"abstract":"Eighteen Malabari kids of three to six months of age were divided into three dietary treatments (T1, T2 and T3) of six animals each, based on age, sex and body weight to study the effect of dietary incorporation of Sukumara gritham residue on their blood biochemical profile. The animals in treatment T1 (control) were given standard kid starter ration as per ICAR (2013) while in group T2 and T3, Sukumara gritham residue was included to the level of 10 and 20 per cent, respectively. The heamatological parameters viz., haemoglobin and biochemical parameters, viz., total protein, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and albumin were found to be similar in all the groups after 90 days of feeding trial. Hence, Sukumara gritham residue could be safely included in the kid starter ration up to 20 per cent level without any adverse effect on blood biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research article delves into the intricate dance between climate change and two enchanting flower species, Mertensia fusiformis and M. ciliata. These blossoms, with their nodding blue petals and elegant foliage, grace the Great Basin and alpine meadows. However, their delicate beauty conceals a resilient spirit, tested by the relentless forces of climate change. We explore the physiology of these flowers, uncovering the influence of rising temperatures on their flowering patterns. M. fusiformis tends to bloom earlier, adapting to shifting climatic cues. In contrast, M. ciliata shows variations in flower size and coloration. The consequences of climate change ripple through these species' distribution and habitat suitability. Warmer temperatures propel M. fusiformis to higher elevations, where it faces new challenges and competition. M. ciliata experiences habitat loss as alpine treelines ascend, pushing it into crevices and microclimates. These flowers' pollination mechanisms also adapt to changing conditions, with shifts in pollinator behavior and abundance disrupting their age-old partnerships. Conclusively, climate change orchestrates a captivating yet disquieting symphony in the lives of Mertensia fusiformis and M. ciliata. They stand as messengers, urging us to acknowledge the fragility of our ecosystems and take action to preserve the beauty of our planet's flora.
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Flowering Phenology and Abundance on Mertensia spp.","authors":"Muhammad Saad Umar, Hafiza Mubeen Hayat","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9027","url":null,"abstract":"This research article delves into the intricate dance between climate change and two enchanting flower species, Mertensia fusiformis and M. ciliata. These blossoms, with their nodding blue petals and elegant foliage, grace the Great Basin and alpine meadows. However, their delicate beauty conceals a resilient spirit, tested by the relentless forces of climate change. We explore the physiology of these flowers, uncovering the influence of rising temperatures on their flowering patterns. M. fusiformis tends to bloom earlier, adapting to shifting climatic cues. In contrast, M. ciliata shows variations in flower size and coloration. The consequences of climate change ripple through these species' distribution and habitat suitability. Warmer temperatures propel M. fusiformis to higher elevations, where it faces new challenges and competition. M. ciliata experiences habitat loss as alpine treelines ascend, pushing it into crevices and microclimates. These flowers' pollination mechanisms also adapt to changing conditions, with shifts in pollinator behavior and abundance disrupting their age-old partnerships. Conclusively, climate change orchestrates a captivating yet disquieting symphony in the lives of Mertensia fusiformis and M. ciliata. They stand as messengers, urging us to acknowledge the fragility of our ecosystems and take action to preserve the beauty of our planet's flora.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"50 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L-asparaginase has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, as well as its role in mitigating acrylamide in the food industry. However, the widespread implementation of free L-asparaginase in industrial processes has faced substantial obstacles, primarily attributed to issues such as reduced stability, high production costs, and limited recyclability. In order to address these challenges and fully unleash the capabilities of L-asparaginase, the current investigation was centered on the exploration of L-asparaginase immobilization derived from Ganoderma australe GPC191. The various immobilization matrices were assessed, including gelatin, agarose, agar, and combinations thereof with sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and calcium phosphate. These matrices were evaluated based on critical parameters such as enzyme activity after immobilization, loading efficiency, recyclability, and storage stability. Among the diverse matrices considered, the alginate-gelatin-calcium phosphate capsules emerged as the best, exhibiting remarkable characteristics such as an enzyme activity of immobilized L-asparaginase at 60.43 U/mL, an impressive loading efficiency of 94.82%, sustained recyclability with 51% stability even after 16 cycles, and a storage efficiency only reducing to 27% at six months. These outstanding attributes position them as a promising choice for industrial applications. The encouraging outcomes of this investigation could be further refined through research into the effects of altering the concentrations of matrix components, shedding light on how these adjustments influence enzyme properties and their interactions with the external environment.
l -天冬酰胺酶因其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用以及在食品工业中减轻丙烯酰胺的作用而引起了极大的关注。然而，游离l -天冬酰胺酶在工业过程中的广泛应用面临着巨大的障碍，主要是由于稳定性降低、生产成本高和可回收性有限等问题。为了解决这些问题，充分发挥l -天冬酰胺酶的功能，本研究将重点研究从南灵芝GPC191中提取的l -天冬酰胺酶的固定化方法。评估了各种固定基质，包括明胶、琼脂糖、琼脂，以及它们与海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素和磷酸钙的组合。根据固定后的酶活性、装载效率、可回收性和储存稳定性等关键参数对这些基质进行评估。在所考虑的多种基质中，海藻酸-明胶-磷酸钙胶囊效果最好，其固定化l -天冬酰胺酶活性为60.43 U/mL，装载效率为94.82%，16次循环后仍保持51%的稳定性，6个月后储存效率仅降至27%。这些突出的特性使它们成为工业应用的有前途的选择。这项研究的令人鼓舞的结果可以通过对改变基质成分浓度的影响的研究进一步完善，揭示这些调整如何影响酶的性质及其与外部环境的相互作用。
{"title":"Immobilization Strategies for L-Asparaginase from Ganoderma australe GPC191: Impact on Enzyme Activity, Stability, and Reusability","authors":"Meghna Chakraborty, Srividya Shivakumar","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9025","url":null,"abstract":"L-asparaginase has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, as well as its role in mitigating acrylamide in the food industry. However, the widespread implementation of free L-asparaginase in industrial processes has faced substantial obstacles, primarily attributed to issues such as reduced stability, high production costs, and limited recyclability. In order to address these challenges and fully unleash the capabilities of L-asparaginase, the current investigation was centered on the exploration of L-asparaginase immobilization derived from Ganoderma australe GPC191. The various immobilization matrices were assessed, including gelatin, agarose, agar, and combinations thereof with sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and calcium phosphate. These matrices were evaluated based on critical parameters such as enzyme activity after immobilization, loading efficiency, recyclability, and storage stability. Among the diverse matrices considered, the alginate-gelatin-calcium phosphate capsules emerged as the best, exhibiting remarkable characteristics such as an enzyme activity of immobilized L-asparaginase at 60.43 U/mL, an impressive loading efficiency of 94.82%, sustained recyclability with 51% stability even after 16 cycles, and a storage efficiency only reducing to 27% at six months. These outstanding attributes position them as a promising choice for industrial applications. The encouraging outcomes of this investigation could be further refined through research into the effects of altering the concentrations of matrix components, shedding light on how these adjustments influence enzyme properties and their interactions with the external environment.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the era of fast changing technology, training has become an integrated part of investment for accelerating transfer of technology to people of all walks of life. The well-established network of organizations spread over the length and breadth of the country. The budget spent on training has tremendously increased over the past few years. with this background the study under taken at Trichy district, Tamil Nadu state of a country India by employing purposive sampling procedure. Agricultural Engineering College & Research Institute, Kumulur is one of the constituent colleges of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University located in Trichy. It is a pioneer institute in Tamil Nadu doing research on Agricultural Engineering technologies and Machinery. It is being chosen by the Tamil Nadu Govt. for state level capacity development trainings of farmers under the Agricultural Technology Management Agency and Agrl. Engineering Department (AED). Using simple random sampling procedure 10 farmers (trainees) were selected from 18 Districts of Tamil Nadu who were visited the institution during the study period. (180 sample size). The major objectives, as study of socioeconomic profile and knowledge assessment during pre and post training on Farm Machineries, Bio-energy, Agricultural Processing, Soil and Water Conservation, Drip irrigation and improved Agricultural sciences. Among 180 respondents, Majority of them were old age group (38.89 %) studied primary education (30.00 %) equally spread in marginal and small land holdings (around 75 %), possessed high level of farming experience (38.89 %) had medium level of extension agency contact (47.78 %), possessed medium level of Information seeking behaviour (53.89 %) with a medium level of Innovativeness (42.78 %). Knowledge test was assessed prior to training, among 180 respondents, Majority of farmers belonged to the medium level of knowledge category on all six categories and the after training knowledge test showed that the respondents belonged to low level were distributed in medium to high level of knowledge category and the medium level was elevated to high level category. The alternate hypothesis (H1)was proved through ‘ t’ test that there was a significant difference prevailed in the knowledge level of the respondents acquired through the trainings conducted on the recently developed Agrl. Technologies and modern machineries.
{"title":"Impact of Training on Modern Machineries and Improved Agricultural Technologies towards Cognitive Assessment of Farmers","authors":"Sakunthalai A.","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.9023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9023","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of fast changing technology, training has become an integrated part of investment for accelerating transfer of technology to people of all walks of life. The well-established network of organizations spread over the length and breadth of the country. The budget spent on training has tremendously increased over the past few years. with this background the study under taken at Trichy district, Tamil Nadu state of a country India by employing purposive sampling procedure. Agricultural Engineering College & Research Institute, Kumulur is one of the constituent colleges of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University located in Trichy. It is a pioneer institute in Tamil Nadu doing research on Agricultural Engineering technologies and Machinery. It is being chosen by the Tamil Nadu Govt. for state level capacity development trainings of farmers under the Agricultural Technology Management Agency and Agrl. Engineering Department (AED). Using simple random sampling procedure 10 farmers (trainees) were selected from 18 Districts of Tamil Nadu who were visited the institution during the study period. (180 sample size). The major objectives, as study of socioeconomic profile and knowledge assessment during pre and post training on Farm Machineries, Bio-energy, Agricultural Processing, Soil and Water Conservation, Drip irrigation and improved Agricultural sciences. Among 180 respondents, Majority of them were old age group (38.89 %) studied primary education (30.00 %) equally spread in marginal and small land holdings (around 75 %), possessed high level of farming experience (38.89 %) had medium level of extension agency contact (47.78 %), possessed medium level of Information seeking behaviour (53.89 %) with a medium level of Innovativeness (42.78 %). Knowledge test was assessed prior to training, among 180 respondents, Majority of farmers belonged to the medium level of knowledge category on all six categories and the after training knowledge test showed that the respondents belonged to low level were distributed in medium to high level of knowledge category and the medium level was elevated to high level category. The alternate hypothesis (H1)was proved through ‘ t’ test that there was a significant difference prevailed in the knowledge level of the respondents acquired through the trainings conducted on the recently developed Agrl. Technologies and modern machineries.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: With the COVID-19 pandemic there was a major lockdown world-wide which halted human activity to a total pause giving rise to a new term never known previously “Anthro-pause”. During this anthro-pause there were various reports of rare animal sighting in urban areas. Some of the reports were true and some was far away from reality thus demand for detail study. Methods/findings: Man-animal conflict has resulted in mammoth destruction and aggravated mass extinction. A careful study of the pandemic driven anthro-pause has given a rare chance to study the impact of human intervention on wild life scientifically with realistic observations and data. This study will help to provide insight to address previously intractable questions like is it the urban structures or humans himself that have impacted the wild life. The learning will pave future understandings on how by minor changes to our lifestyles and transport networks can potentially have significant benefits for both ecosystems, human wildlife coexistence.
{"title":"Impact of Lockdown Mediated Anthro-Pause on Man-Animal Conflict","authors":"D. Sinha","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.8773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8773","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: With the COVID-19 pandemic there was a major lockdown world-wide which halted human activity to a total pause giving rise to a new term never known previously “Anthro-pause”. During this anthro-pause there were various reports of rare animal sighting in urban areas. Some of the reports were true and some was far away from reality thus demand for detail study. Methods/findings: Man-animal conflict has resulted in mammoth destruction and aggravated mass extinction. A careful study of the pandemic driven anthro-pause has given a rare chance to study the impact of human intervention on wild life scientifically with realistic observations and data. This study will help to provide insight to address previously intractable questions like is it the urban structures or humans himself that have impacted the wild life. The learning will pave future understandings on how by minor changes to our lifestyles and transport networks can potentially have significant benefits for both ecosystems, human wildlife coexistence.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76401607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment entitled “Impact of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and shelf life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Pusa Ruby” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 on experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicated 13 treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: Pseudomonas (50%) + NPK (50%), T3: Azotobacter (50%) + NPK (50%), T4: Azospirillium (50%) + NPK (50%), T5: Pseudomonas (25%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK(50%), T6: Pseudomonas (25%) + Azospirillium (25%) +NPK(50%), T7: Azotobator (25%) + Azospirillium (25%) + NPK(50%), T8: Pseudomonas (50%) + Azosirillium (25%) + NPK (50%), T9: Pseudomonas (50%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK (50%), T10: Azotobactor (50%) + Azospirillium (25%) + NPK (50%), T11: Azotobactor (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%), T12: Azospirillium (50%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK (50%), T13: Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%). The results reveal that increase in Composts level had significant response on vegetative growth yield and shelf life of Tomato. The treatment the T13-Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%) was found superior in growth yield with quality corrector. In this investigation the treatment T13-Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%) was found suitable for cultivation in winter season for better yield (29.76 t/ha) and maximum shelf life (9.93 days).
{"title":"Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Shelf Life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Pusa Ruby","authors":"Bronica Victor","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.8770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8770","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment entitled “Impact of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and shelf life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Pusa Ruby” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 on experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicated 13 treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: Pseudomonas (50%) + NPK (50%), T3: Azotobacter (50%) + NPK (50%), T4: Azospirillium (50%) + NPK (50%), T5: Pseudomonas (25%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK(50%), T6: Pseudomonas (25%) + Azospirillium (25%) +NPK(50%), T7: Azotobator (25%) + Azospirillium (25%) + NPK(50%), T8: Pseudomonas (50%) + Azosirillium (25%) + NPK (50%), T9: Pseudomonas (50%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK (50%), T10: Azotobactor (50%) + Azospirillium (25%) + NPK (50%), T11: Azotobactor (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%), T12: Azospirillium (50%) + Azotobactor (25%) + NPK (50%), T13: Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%). The results reveal that increase in Composts level had significant response on vegetative growth yield and shelf life of Tomato. The treatment the T13-Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%) was found superior in growth yield with quality corrector. In this investigation the treatment T13-Azospirillium (50%) + Pseudomonas (25%) + NPK (50%) was found suitable for cultivation in winter season for better yield (29.76 t/ha) and maximum shelf life (9.93 days).","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74242085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since chemical insecticides favor the emergence of resistance and have disastrous consequences for the environment, we became interested in an alternative control method against Spodoptera frugiperda, more respectful for the environment. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the bio-insecticidal effects of plants extracts and oil of castor against the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The laboratory bioassays consisted of evaluating the toxicity of the castor plants extracts and oil by contact and ingestion on fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda using a leaf dipping method. It emerges from this study that the mortality of the larvae treated with the bio-insecticide and the control solution varies significantly and that the mortality rate was 100% for dose 1; 85% for dose 2 and 70% for dose 3. The mortality rate for the control solution is 10%. These results testify to the good larvicidal activity of the organic insecticide based on oil, leaves and unripe seeds of castor bean on the fall armyworm.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Bio-Insecticidal Effect of Ricinus communis (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) on the Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Cheikh Atab Diédhiou","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.8749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8749","url":null,"abstract":"Since chemical insecticides favor the emergence of resistance and have disastrous consequences for the environment, we became interested in an alternative control method against Spodoptera frugiperda, more respectful for the environment. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the bio-insecticidal effects of plants extracts and oil of castor against the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The laboratory bioassays consisted of evaluating the toxicity of the castor plants extracts and oil by contact and ingestion on fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda using a leaf dipping method. It emerges from this study that the mortality of the larvae treated with the bio-insecticide and the control solution varies significantly and that the mortality rate was 100% for dose 1; 85% for dose 2 and 70% for dose 3. The mortality rate for the control solution is 10%. These results testify to the good larvicidal activity of the organic insecticide based on oil, leaves and unripe seeds of castor bean on the fall armyworm.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85307549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Till now Coronavirus (COVID-19) has taken ~ 0.43 million lives and infected ~ 7.6 million people and the process is continuing. Face masks and regular hand-washing are the two main ways to help prevent the transmission of Coronavirus. But wearing face masks and regular hand-washing have not sufficient to stop the transmission of Coronavirus. This leads a modification needed for the procedure of prevention from Coronavirus infection. Thus the knowledge about spreading and infecting mechanism by the Coronavirus is desired (Garai, 2020). Instead of using soap and alcohol base sanitizer NaHCO3 solution can used for hand-washing to prevent from Coronavirus infection. As NaHCO3 is very cheap and less hazardous than soap and alcohol base sanitizer so this change will be economically profitable and environmentally safer (less hazard). NaHCO3 solution can also be used as nasal drop and gargle solution for the protection of nose mucus and mouth saliva from Coronavirus infection. Thus NaHCO3 solution give extra protection from Coronavirus infection when it used with mask (Garai, 2020). Beside that considering the biological immovability of NaHCO3 (mainly in human blood plasma), it is strongly recommended to use NaHCO3 for the treatment of Coronavirus patients too.
{"title":"Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Ahmad","doi":"10.18782/2582-2845.8757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8757","url":null,"abstract":"Till now Coronavirus (COVID-19) has taken ~ 0.43 million lives and infected ~ 7.6 million people and the process is continuing. Face masks and regular hand-washing are the two main ways to help prevent the transmission of Coronavirus. But wearing face masks and regular hand-washing have not sufficient to stop the transmission of Coronavirus. This leads a modification needed for the procedure of prevention from Coronavirus infection. Thus the knowledge about spreading and infecting mechanism by the Coronavirus is desired (Garai, 2020). Instead of using soap and alcohol base sanitizer NaHCO3 solution can used for hand-washing to prevent from Coronavirus infection. As NaHCO3 is very cheap and less hazardous than soap and alcohol base sanitizer so this change will be economically profitable and environmentally safer (less hazard). NaHCO3 solution can also be used as nasal drop and gargle solution for the protection of nose mucus and mouth saliva from Coronavirus infection. Thus NaHCO3 solution give extra protection from Coronavirus infection when it used with mask (Garai, 2020). Beside that considering the biological immovability of NaHCO3 (mainly in human blood plasma), it is strongly recommended to use NaHCO3 for the treatment of Coronavirus patients too.","PeriodicalId":13334,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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