Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3479164
Karen S. Garner;Udochukwu B. Akuru
Non-overlap windings present an attractive option to reduce production costs amongst others. However, it is well-known that these windings have a high amount of magnetomotive force harmonic content that negatively affects machine performance, especially in terms of torque ripple. For wind energy conversion, low torque ripple is a stringent requirement. This study performs an analysis of various winding configurations of a non-overlap winding of a 3 MW 16/18 pole/slot wound rotor synchronous generator. The winding configurations considered provide improved machine performance in comparison with a conventional non-overlap winding. Finite element analysis is used to theoretically predict the performance of the winding configurations and a comparative study is conducted. Further assessment in the form of fault-tolerance is performed to determine the robustness of the machines. The theoretical results are finally supported by practical measurements to validate the designs.
{"title":"Normal and Faulty Performance Analysis of Non-Overlap Winding Technologies of a Large Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator for Wind Energy Conversion","authors":"Karen S. Garner;Udochukwu B. Akuru","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3479164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3479164","url":null,"abstract":"Non-overlap windings present an attractive option to reduce production costs amongst others. However, it is well-known that these windings have a high amount of magnetomotive force harmonic content that negatively affects machine performance, especially in terms of torque ripple. For wind energy conversion, low torque ripple is a stringent requirement. This study performs an analysis of various winding configurations of a non-overlap winding of a 3 MW 16/18 pole/slot wound rotor synchronous generator. The winding configurations considered provide improved machine performance in comparison with a conventional non-overlap winding. Finite element analysis is used to theoretically predict the performance of the winding configurations and a comparative study is conducted. Further assessment in the form of fault-tolerance is performed to determine the robustness of the machines. The theoretical results are finally supported by practical measurements to validate the designs.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3478173
Zhiyuan Xu;Ming Cheng;Minghao Tong
To furnish an instructive guideline for the design of E-core outer-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (OR-FSPM) machines, the stator-poles and rotor-teeth (P-T) combinations are investigated through the machine unit model in this paper. Based on the operating and complementary principles, the P-T combination selection principle for E-core OR-FSPM machines is established with the purpose of attaining a high-purity sinusoidal phase flux and a concurrently reduced cogging torque. With the P-T combination selection principle, a case study on the three-phase E-core OR-FSPM machine is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology. The design and optimization considerations are extracted as well during the process. Moreover, an optimization framework is established and four E-core OR-FSPM machines with various P-T combinations are optimized simultaneously within the prescribed procedure. The optimization results indicate that the optimization procedure will not compromise the validity of the selected P-T combination in the preliminary design stage. Consequently, the performances of the optimized E-core OR-FSPM are verified through the prototype experiment, which further confirms the efficacy of the proposed P-T combinations selection principle.
{"title":"Design Consideration for E-Core Outer-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines From the Perspective of the Stator-Poles and Rotor-Teeth Combinations","authors":"Zhiyuan Xu;Ming Cheng;Minghao Tong","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3478173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3478173","url":null,"abstract":"To furnish an instructive guideline for the design of E-core outer-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (OR-FSPM) machines, the stator-poles and rotor-teeth (P-T) combinations are investigated through the machine unit model in this paper. Based on the operating and complementary principles, the P-T combination selection principle for E-core OR-FSPM machines is established with the purpose of attaining a high-purity sinusoidal phase flux and a concurrently reduced cogging torque. With the P-T combination selection principle, a case study on the three-phase E-core OR-FSPM machine is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology. The design and optimization considerations are extracted as well during the process. Moreover, an optimization framework is established and four E-core OR-FSPM machines with various P-T combinations are optimized simultaneously within the prescribed procedure. The optimization results indicate that the optimization procedure will not compromise the validity of the selected P-T combination in the preliminary design stage. Consequently, the performances of the optimized E-core OR-FSPM are verified through the prototype experiment, which further confirms the efficacy of the proposed P-T combinations selection principle.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3478193
Pengcheng Sun;Shaofeng Jia;Dongxu Yang;Deliang Liang;Zhanqiang Luo
This paper presents an investigation into the design optimization and comparative analysis of dual winding dual magnet machines (DWDM) with different permanent magnet (PM) arrangements. Firstly, the operation principle of DWDMs is introduced, and four PM arrangements following a consequent-pole structure are presented. Secondly, the four topologies are globally optimized to enable a fair comparison of performance. Then, the electromagnetic performances, including no-load performance and rated-load performance, are compared, and analyzed. Additionally, the overload and demagnetization performances are also analyzed and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed PM arrangements can effectively reduce flux leakage and improve the torque density and power factor of DWDMs. Finally, a DWDM prototype with dual Halbach Array PM is manufactured and tested to validate the analysis results.
{"title":"Design and Comparative Analysis of Dual Winding Dual Magnet Machines With Different PM Arrangements","authors":"Pengcheng Sun;Shaofeng Jia;Dongxu Yang;Deliang Liang;Zhanqiang Luo","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3478193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3478193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation into the design optimization and comparative analysis of dual winding dual magnet machines (DWDM) with different permanent magnet (PM) arrangements. Firstly, the operation principle of DWDMs is introduced, and four PM arrangements following a consequent-pole structure are presented. Secondly, the four topologies are globally optimized to enable a fair comparison of performance. Then, the electromagnetic performances, including no-load performance and rated-load performance, are compared, and analyzed. Additionally, the overload and demagnetization performances are also analyzed and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed PM arrangements can effectively reduce flux leakage and improve the torque density and power factor of DWDMs. Finally, a DWDM prototype with dual Halbach Array PM is manufactured and tested to validate the analysis results.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3477426
M. A. Beyazit;A. K. Erenoglu;A. Tascikaraoglu
The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the urgent need for innovative EV charging methods, given the numerous operational and technological challenges. This study introduces an innovative real-time energy allocation model aimed at optimizing the service quality of mobile charging stations (MCSs), an emerging EV charging concept, while ensuring fairness among EV users. We evaluate our approach through case studies considering varying numbers of charging demands, and road traffic congestion status. We incorporate a 24-node Sioux Falls transportation network and real EV parking lot data to ensure practicality. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of quality-of-service (QoS) and fairness scores, even during periods of traffic congestion and high energy demand. Additionally, we conduct sensitivity and scalability analyses to assess the algorithm's decision-making under uncertain EV user behavior regarding reservation requests on a larger scale.
{"title":"Fairness and Equity in Electric Vehicle Charging With Mobile Charging Stations","authors":"M. A. Beyazit;A. K. Erenoglu;A. Tascikaraoglu","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477426","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the urgent need for innovative EV charging methods, given the numerous operational and technological challenges. This study introduces an innovative real-time energy allocation model aimed at optimizing the service quality of mobile charging stations (MCSs), an emerging EV charging concept, while ensuring fairness among EV users. We evaluate our approach through case studies considering varying numbers of charging demands, and road traffic congestion status. We incorporate a 24-node Sioux Falls transportation network and real EV parking lot data to ensure practicality. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of quality-of-service (QoS) and fairness scores, even during periods of traffic congestion and high energy demand. Additionally, we conduct sensitivity and scalability analyses to assess the algorithm's decision-making under uncertain EV user behavior regarding reservation requests on a larger scale.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1280-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3477474
Gourahari Nayak;Anindya Dasgupta
This work proposes a voltage balance and flexible power sharing control strategy for modular input-parallel-output-parallel (IPOP) AC-DC converters with high frequency link (HF-link) isolation. The IPOP AC-DC converter consists of input parallel front end converter (IP-FEC) at the grid side and output parallel dual active bridge converter (OP-DAB) at the back end. The proposed scheme is built upon the estimation and control of HF-link current fundamental component. This approach integrates the parametric identification of each inductor in the HF-link based on the fundamental current perturbation algorithm, which enhances its resilience to gradual parametric variations associated with ageing. This strategy requires measurement of only two currents: grid current and load current using two low bandwidth current sensors, irrespective of the number of cells. The flexible power sharing control strategy enables controlled zero power operation of a cell (phase-shedding/plug-out) while still regulating its DC bus voltage. Additionally, for the subsequent phase-addition/plug-in process there is no need for any pre-charge circuits. The proposed scheme is validated through experiments performed on a 1.4 kW low-power laboratory prototype.
{"title":"Flexible Power Sharing Control of Isolated Input-Parallel-Output-Parallel AC-DC Converters Based on High Frequency Link Current Estimation","authors":"Gourahari Nayak;Anindya Dasgupta","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477474","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a voltage balance and flexible power sharing control strategy for modular input-parallel-output-parallel (IPOP) AC-DC converters with high frequency link (HF-link) isolation. The IPOP AC-DC converter consists of input parallel front end converter (IP-FEC) at the grid side and output parallel dual active bridge converter (OP-DAB) at the back end. The proposed scheme is built upon the estimation and control of HF-link current fundamental component. This approach integrates the parametric identification of each inductor in the HF-link based on the fundamental current perturbation algorithm, which enhances its resilience to gradual parametric variations associated with ageing. This strategy requires measurement of only two currents: grid current and load current using two low bandwidth current sensors, irrespective of the number of cells. The flexible power sharing control strategy enables controlled zero power operation of a cell (phase-shedding/plug-out) while still regulating its DC bus voltage. Additionally, for the subsequent phase-addition/plug-in process there is no need for any pre-charge circuits. The proposed scheme is validated through experiments performed on a 1.4 kW low-power laboratory prototype.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1268-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3477447
Anand Mandal;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Md. Rabiul Islam;Danny Sutanto
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) along with the integration of emerging energy entities is consistently reshaping the structure of the power grid. The power substations which serve as pivotal nodes in the power grid to process the electrical demands of the end-users, might be significantly impacted by future power grids featuring both AC and DC energy entities. This paper proposes a solid-state power substation (SSPS) as an alternative to the conventional substation (CS) in future power grids supporting grid modernization and unleashing the optimum benefits from the power grid. The inclusion of the DC bus within the SSPS can allow direct connection of DC sources and load, thereby supporting the integration of RESs with DC outputs and enabling the centralized monitoring and control of the energy entities. This paper presents the layout of the proposed SSPS providing a concise overview of its structure, a detailed overview of its functional working principle, and the potential benefits that can be obtained from them when compared to the conventional substation. In addition, the paper presents the hierarchical control structure of SSPS for different system-level support services. The improvement of voltage profile, reactive power support capabilities, reduction of system losses, power quality enhancement, renewable energy integration, and rapid response of protection system of proposed SSPS are validated at the system level utilizing the modified IEEE 13-node test feeder.
{"title":"Solid-State Power Substations for Future Power Grids","authors":"Anand Mandal;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Md. Rabiul Islam;Danny Sutanto","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477447","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) along with the integration of emerging energy entities is consistently reshaping the structure of the power grid. The power substations which serve as pivotal nodes in the power grid to process the electrical demands of the end-users, might be significantly impacted by future power grids featuring both AC and DC energy entities. This paper proposes a solid-state power substation (SSPS) as an alternative to the conventional substation (CS) in future power grids supporting grid modernization and unleashing the optimum benefits from the power grid. The inclusion of the DC bus within the SSPS can allow direct connection of DC sources and load, thereby supporting the integration of RESs with DC outputs and enabling the centralized monitoring and control of the energy entities. This paper presents the layout of the proposed SSPS providing a concise overview of its structure, a detailed overview of its functional working principle, and the potential benefits that can be obtained from them when compared to the conventional substation. In addition, the paper presents the hierarchical control structure of SSPS for different system-level support services. The improvement of voltage profile, reactive power support capabilities, reduction of system losses, power quality enhancement, renewable energy integration, and rapid response of protection system of proposed SSPS are validated at the system level utilizing the modified IEEE 13-node test feeder.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1055-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the influx of distributed renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging stations has led to a surge in fault current levels on the grid. In response to this trend and the shortcomings of traditional breaker systems, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has emerged as a promising solution. Its rapid current-limiting response, minimal energy loss, and swift recovery time make it a powerful tool in addressing these challenges. Here, we introduce a magneto-biased SFCL (MBSFCL) design and prototype, boasting a two-stage fault current limiting capability. Prior to its deployment and operation in the grid-connected test platform, a 66 kV power substation, we conducted simulation analysis to assess its current limiting rate, quench resistance, and operating temperature. The results of AC withstand voltage tests and a seven-day steady-state operation test validate the practical applicability of the MBSFCL for grid integration.
{"title":"Simulation Analysis and Steady-State Operation Tests of Magneto-Biased Superconducting Fault Current Limiter on a 66 kV Power Substation in China","authors":"Jiahui Zhu;Pengzhen Huang;Jialiang Liu;Qingshan Wang;Panpan Chen;Nan Zheng","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477435","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the influx of distributed renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging stations has led to a surge in fault current levels on the grid. In response to this trend and the shortcomings of traditional breaker systems, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has emerged as a promising solution. Its rapid current-limiting response, minimal energy loss, and swift recovery time make it a powerful tool in addressing these challenges. Here, we introduce a magneto-biased SFCL (MBSFCL) design and prototype, boasting a two-stage fault current limiting capability. Prior to its deployment and operation in the grid-connected test platform, a 66 kV power substation, we conducted simulation analysis to assess its current limiting rate, quench resistance, and operating temperature. The results of AC withstand voltage tests and a seven-day steady-state operation test validate the practical applicability of the MBSFCL for grid integration.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"1185-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3477417
Md. Biplob Hossain;Md. Rabiul Islam;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Danny Sutanto;Ashish P. Agalgaonkar
As renewable energy sources such as wind energy replace traditional power plants, new methods of component sizing and energy management for hybrid storage systems are necessary to achieve the expected dispatched power level that is committed to supply to the grid for a specific time interval. Electrolyzers (ELs), fuel cells (FCs), and hydrogen storage tanks working as hydrogen energy storage (HES) can, not only offer electrification of the power sector but also offer flexible dispatch power level in the wind energy generation system. To gain the benefits of HES, this study proposes a probabilistic approach to adequately size a hybrid energy storage system composed of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell/electrolyzer, and a supercapacitor (SC) bank. Furthermore, a two-layer energy management to improve power dispatch scheduling for the HES is proposed. Using real-world wind data, the proposed size specification method was simulated and compared to other existing methods. The simulation results demonstrate that the SC within the hybrid energy storage system can aid in the processing of high-frequency fluctuations and avoid the substantial cost of round-trip losses associated with HES. Furthermore, the two layers energy management strategy assists in extending HES operating lifetime, reducing operation cost, and maximizing HES unit utilization by avoiding excessive number of switching between FCs and Els and maintaining an equal number of turning ON/OFF of ELs (charging) and FCs (discharging).
{"title":"Component Sizing and Energy Management for a Supercapacitor and Hydrogen Storage Based Hybrid Energy Storage System to Improve Power Dispatch Scheduling of a Wind Energy System","authors":"Md. Biplob Hossain;Md. Rabiul Islam;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Danny Sutanto;Ashish P. Agalgaonkar","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477417","url":null,"abstract":"As renewable energy sources such as wind energy replace traditional power plants, new methods of component sizing and energy management for hybrid storage systems are necessary to achieve the expected dispatched power level that is committed to supply to the grid for a specific time interval. Electrolyzers (ELs), fuel cells (FCs), and hydrogen storage tanks working as hydrogen energy storage (HES) can, not only offer electrification of the power sector but also offer flexible dispatch power level in the wind energy generation system. To gain the benefits of HES, this study proposes a probabilistic approach to adequately size a hybrid energy storage system composed of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell/electrolyzer, and a supercapacitor (SC) bank. Furthermore, a two-layer energy management to improve power dispatch scheduling for the HES is proposed. Using real-world wind data, the proposed size specification method was simulated and compared to other existing methods. The simulation results demonstrate that the SC within the hybrid energy storage system can aid in the processing of high-frequency fluctuations and avoid the substantial cost of round-trip losses associated with HES. Furthermore, the two layers energy management strategy assists in extending HES operating lifetime, reducing operation cost, and maximizing HES unit utilization by avoiding excessive number of switching between FCs and Els and maintaining an equal number of turning ON/OFF of ELs (charging) and FCs (discharging).","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"872-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3477414
Rammohan Rao Makineni;Ashish P. Agalgaonkar;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Md. Rabiul Islam;Danny Sutanto
This article presents a novel control algorithm for a stacked interleaved buck converter (SIBC) to supply energy to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) in the presence of renewable energy sources. It leverages the main advantages of the SIBC including high voltage conversion ratio, low output current ripple, and the ability to operate in case of electrical circuit failures. The new control law, based on integral sliding mode-based control, offers a significant improvement in the performance for input variation when renewable energy sources are used. The proposed controller exhibits further benefits, such as a faster dynamic response and greater robustness against parameter uncertainties, when compared to traditional PI-based control. Experimental verification is carried out using a PEMEL dynamic electrical equivalent circuit to mimic the real PEMEL performance under different operating conditions. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control technique overcomes current limitations in terms of performance usually characterized by PI controllers. Particularly, a faster response is obtained using the proposed controller accounting for the changes in operating conditions for electrolyzers fed with variable renewable energy resources.
本文介绍了一种新颖的堆叠交错降压转换器（SIBC）控制算法，用于在有可再生能源的情况下为质子交换膜电解槽（PEMEL）提供能量。它充分利用了 SIBC 的主要优势，包括高电压转换率、低输出电流纹波以及在电路故障情况下的运行能力。新的控制法则基于积分滑动模式控制，在使用可再生能源时能显著改善输入变化的性能。与传统的基于 PI 的控制相比，所提出的控制器还具有更多优点，如动态响应速度更快、对参数不确定性的鲁棒性更高。使用 PEMEL 动态电气等效电路进行了实验验证，以模拟 PEMEL 在不同运行条件下的实际性能。实验结果表明，所提出的控制技术克服了目前 PI 控制器在性能方面的局限性。特别是，对于以可变可再生能源为原料的电解槽来说，使用所提出的控制器可以更快地响应运行条件的变化。
{"title":"Integral Sliding Mode Control of a Stacked Interleaved Buck Converter for Electrolyzers Supplied With Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"Rammohan Rao Makineni;Ashish P. Agalgaonkar;Kashem M. Muttaqi;Md. Rabiul Islam;Danny Sutanto","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2024.3477414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3477414","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel control algorithm for a stacked interleaved buck converter (SIBC) to supply energy to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) in the presence of renewable energy sources. It leverages the main advantages of the SIBC including high voltage conversion ratio, low output current ripple, and the ability to operate in case of electrical circuit failures. The new control law, based on integral sliding mode-based control, offers a significant improvement in the performance for input variation when renewable energy sources are used. The proposed controller exhibits further benefits, such as a faster dynamic response and greater robustness against parameter uncertainties, when compared to traditional PI-based control. Experimental verification is carried out using a PEMEL dynamic electrical equivalent circuit to mimic the real PEMEL performance under different operating conditions. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control technique overcomes current limitations in terms of performance usually characterized by PI controllers. Particularly, a faster response is obtained using the proposed controller accounting for the changes in operating conditions for electrolyzers fed with variable renewable energy resources.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"450-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3476441
Rohit Kumar;Bhim Singh
Low switching frequency operation is required in high-level multi–level inverter to enhance switch utilization as well as to gain excellent efficiency profile of converter with low power losses. Apart from this, variable speed drive requires voltage level and frequency variation when drive operates below base speed. Hence, a new fundamental frequency switching technique with an online angle calculation-based modulation technique is presented for a nine-level (1:1:2) asymmetric reduced switch cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter (ARSCHB-MLI), where this technique is known as area equalization modulation strategy (AEMS). Power converters in high power range are often used, increasing power-quality issues in system. To overcome issues at drive end of system, induction motor is powered by a nine-level inverter, which is designed with a ten-switches and three-voltage DC sources per phase. For enhanced power quality performance, online angles are calculated at different values of modulation index, which changes width of steps voltage levels as speed variation of drive. This strategy ensures that quality of inverter output is acceptable as per standard regardless of drive's operating frequency. Multi-pulse converter technique is adopted at grid end to sustain power quality as per the IEEE 519 standard. This paper serves as a guideline of how one can design, operates and control of power converter for medium voltage drive system.
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