Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-kha
Khuswatun Khasanah, Desy Nawangsari, I. Y. Kusuma
Acetosal is classified in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility, high permeability). Low solubility causes a decreased dissolution rate. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 is an inert carrier easily soluble in water and can influence the solubility of a drug substance. Efforts to increase the solubility of acetosal make a solid dispersion system. This study aims to determine the effect of the solid dispersion system of acetosal: PVP K-30 on dissolution rate, the ratio of the solid dispersion with the best dissolution rate, and the physical properties of acetosal tablets formed in the dispersion system. Solid dispersions using the dissolving method with variations in the concentration of acetosal: PVP K-30 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The results of the dissolution test of acetosal in solid dispersion powder, i.e., PVP Formula 1:5, which has the highest dissolution percentage compared to formula 1:1 and 1:3 with the concentration this formula was 140.96 mg, dissolution percentage was 28.19±0,63% in 30 minutes. Statistical results by ANOVA test show a significant difference of 0.044 (p<0.05). The physical properties of tablets with a dispersion system show higher addition of PVP K-30. This result is related to slower disintegration time and lower friability.
{"title":"Solid Dispersion of Acetosal Using Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 in Tablets with Direct Compressing Method","authors":"Khuswatun Khasanah, Desy Nawangsari, I. Y. Kusuma","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-kha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-kha","url":null,"abstract":"Acetosal is classified in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility, high permeability). Low solubility causes a decreased dissolution rate. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 is an inert carrier easily soluble in water and can influence the solubility of a drug substance. Efforts to increase the solubility of acetosal make a solid dispersion system. This study aims to determine the effect of the solid dispersion system of acetosal: PVP K-30 on dissolution rate, the ratio of the solid dispersion with the best dissolution rate, and the physical properties of acetosal tablets formed in the dispersion system. Solid dispersions using the dissolving method with variations in the concentration of acetosal: PVP K-30 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The results of the dissolution test of acetosal in solid dispersion powder, i.e., PVP Formula 1:5, which has the highest dissolution percentage compared to formula 1:1 and 1:3 with the concentration this formula was 140.96 mg, dissolution percentage was 28.19±0,63% in 30 minutes. Statistical results by ANOVA test show a significant difference of 0.044 (p<0.05). The physical properties of tablets with a dispersion system show higher addition of PVP K-30. This result is related to slower disintegration time and lower friability.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-zak
Z. Zakaria, Misriyani Misriyani, A. Astuti, Ayu Masyita
Honey is a sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers or other parts of plants. Honey obtained from Bone, in South Sulawesi, has been extracted and tested for antibacterial activity and toxicity. Honey was macerated with methanol to obtain a crude extract. Methanol crude extract was then partitioned successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. Antibacterial activity test was performed by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction showed an inhibition zone against E. coli at 10.10, 10.05, and 8.40 mm, respectively with amoxicillin as a positive control (20.05 mm). Also against S. aureus, inhibition zone was obtained at 11.90, 9.30, 8.60, and 13.70 mm for methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol fraction, and amoxicillin, respectively. The greatest inhibition zone was obtained from methanol extract against E. coli and S. aureus, both including the strong category. The LC50 value of methanol extract and methanol fraction was 273.57 µg/ml and 765.66 µg/ml, respectively, categorized as toxic against Artemia salina, while ethyl acetate fraction was not toxic.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of Honey Derived from Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Z. Zakaria, Misriyani Misriyani, A. Astuti, Ayu Masyita","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-zak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-zak","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers or other parts of plants. Honey obtained from Bone, in South Sulawesi, has been extracted and tested for antibacterial activity and toxicity. Honey was macerated with methanol to obtain a crude extract. Methanol crude extract was then partitioned successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. Antibacterial activity test was performed by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction showed an inhibition zone against E. coli at 10.10, 10.05, and 8.40 mm, respectively with amoxicillin as a positive control (20.05 mm). Also against S. aureus, inhibition zone was obtained at 11.90, 9.30, 8.60, and 13.70 mm for methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol fraction, and amoxicillin, respectively. The greatest inhibition zone was obtained from methanol extract against E. coli and S. aureus, both including the strong category. The LC50 value of methanol extract and methanol fraction was 273.57 µg/ml and 765.66 µg/ml, respectively, categorized as toxic against Artemia salina, while ethyl acetate fraction was not toxic.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76245871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-bar
D. Barus, R. T. Ginting, Anindya Chandra Faizah, Rifa Dwi Shafira, Kevin Nainggolan
Synthesis of carbon dots from soybeans with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully conducted using the bottom-up approach via the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs showed a dark brown solution, indicating the carbon dots formed. This study analyzed the effect of optical properties before and after Fe (II) ions addition on the sensitivity of N-CDs. N-CDs characterizations were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL). The results showed that the absorbance spectrum range is from 200 to 600 nm, with its absorbance peak at 290 nm. The band gap energy obtained is 3.32 eV, which indicates that N-CDs are semiconductors. The N-CDs solution resulted in good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emitted a bright green color. N-CDs' sensitivity when sensing Fe (II) ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 5.7 nM. Thus, N-CDs can be used as biosensors with an easy and environmentally friendly method.
{"title":"Carbon Dots Synthesis from Soybean with Urea Doped As Sensitive Fe (II) Ion Detection","authors":"D. Barus, R. T. Ginting, Anindya Chandra Faizah, Rifa Dwi Shafira, Kevin Nainggolan","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-bar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-bar","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of carbon dots from soybeans with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully conducted using the bottom-up approach via the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs showed a dark brown solution, indicating the carbon dots formed. This study analyzed the effect of optical properties before and after Fe (II) ions addition on the sensitivity of N-CDs. N-CDs characterizations were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL). The results showed that the absorbance spectrum range is from 200 to 600 nm, with its absorbance peak at 290 nm. The band gap energy obtained is 3.32 eV, which indicates that N-CDs are semiconductors. The N-CDs solution resulted in good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emitted a bright green color. N-CDs' sensitivity when sensing Fe (II) ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 5.7 nM. Thus, N-CDs can be used as biosensors with an easy and environmentally friendly method.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78721914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-pur
I. Purwaningsih, Fathiah Fathiah, Nurul Amaliyah, Kuswiyanto Kuswiyanto
Senggani fruit is an edible fruit that tastes sweet, has an attractive color, blue or reddish purple, and is thought to contain anthocyanin. The senggani fruit can be used as a source of natural dyes and is known to have active components as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to measure the phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of senggani fruit. Senggani fruits were extracted by maceration using methanol. The phytochemical screening test was performed. The phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, and pH differential, respectively. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The phytochemical screening test showed the methanol extract of senggani fruit contained phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. In this study, the total phenol content was 154.880 mg GAE/g, the total flavonoid content was 6.827 mg QE/g, and the anthocyanin level was 7.516 mg/100 g. The antioxidant activity using the DPPH method showed that the methanol extract of senggani fruit had moderate antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 99.79 ppm.
{"title":"The Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Anthocyanin Content From Methanol Extract of Senggani Fruit and Its Antioxidant Activity","authors":"I. Purwaningsih, Fathiah Fathiah, Nurul Amaliyah, Kuswiyanto Kuswiyanto","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-pur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-pur","url":null,"abstract":"Senggani fruit is an edible fruit that tastes sweet, has an attractive color, blue or reddish purple, and is thought to contain anthocyanin. The senggani fruit can be used as a source of natural dyes and is known to have active components as a source of antioxidants. This study aimed to measure the phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of senggani fruit. Senggani fruits were extracted by maceration using methanol. The phytochemical screening test was performed. The phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, and pH differential, respectively. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The phytochemical screening test showed the methanol extract of senggani fruit contained phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. In this study, the total phenol content was 154.880 mg GAE/g, the total flavonoid content was 6.827 mg QE/g, and the anthocyanin level was 7.516 mg/100 g. The antioxidant activity using the DPPH method showed that the methanol extract of senggani fruit had moderate antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 99.79 ppm.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79107253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-jum
Elfira Jumrah, A. Abubakar, Ayu Safitri Agustina, Syahdam Karneng, Herdie Idriawien Gusti
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the plants that have the potential as an antiseptic is a lahuna leaf. Lahuna leaves contain active antibacterial compounds and the addition of betel leaf to the liquid soap formulations can strengthen the activity of the antiseptic produced. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as an antiseptic. The methods used include phytochemical screening, physical observation of liquid soap formulations, and antibacterial activity tests using agar diffusion methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that lahuna leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, while betel leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The liquid soap formulation of lahuna leaves and betel leaves has a clear yellow color, distinctive aroma, liquid form, rough taste, and lots of foam and has very strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus which is characterized by clear zones formed for each formulation I (22.4 mm), formulation II (21.8 mm) and formulation III (20.1 mm). These results indicate the potential of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as antiseptic soap.
{"title":"Formulation of Lahuna Leave (Eupatorium odoratum) and Sirih Leave Extract (Piper betle L.) as Antiseptic Liquid Soap","authors":"Elfira Jumrah, A. Abubakar, Ayu Safitri Agustina, Syahdam Karneng, Herdie Idriawien Gusti","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-jum","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-jum","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the plants that have the potential as an antiseptic is a lahuna leaf. Lahuna leaves contain active antibacterial compounds and the addition of betel leaf to the liquid soap formulations can strengthen the activity of the antiseptic produced. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as an antiseptic. The methods used include phytochemical screening, physical observation of liquid soap formulations, and antibacterial activity tests using agar diffusion methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that lahuna leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, while betel leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The liquid soap formulation of lahuna leaves and betel leaves has a clear yellow color, distinctive aroma, liquid form, rough taste, and lots of foam and has very strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus which is characterized by clear zones formed for each formulation I (22.4 mm), formulation II (21.8 mm) and formulation III (20.1 mm). These results indicate the potential of liquid soap formulations of lahuna leaves and betel leaves as antiseptic soap.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79828248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-tur
W. Turupadang, Marskel Johanis
The research describes how molecular networking was used as a screening tool to prioritize the isolation workflow of 40 macroalgae sampled from West Timor waters, Indonesia, in addition to a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based (NMR) spectroscopy strategy. A mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to generate spectra that later be used as data to produce the molecular network with the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) website. The screening process used the molecular network, which assisted in the selection of six samples of macroalgae out of the 40 samples for further examination. Lastly, an NMR-based protocol was employed to choose the samples of interest to be investigated further. Six samples were shortlisted from the GNPS molecular network based on specimens, which were then validated with 1H NMR spectroscopy to finally prioritized three samples.
{"title":"Molecular Networking to Screen Macroalgal Secondary Metabolites: Case for West Timor Macroalgae","authors":"W. Turupadang, Marskel Johanis","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-tur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-tur","url":null,"abstract":"The research describes how molecular networking was used as a screening tool to prioritize the isolation workflow of 40 macroalgae sampled from West Timor waters, Indonesia, in addition to a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based (NMR) spectroscopy strategy. A mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to generate spectra that later be used as data to produce the molecular network with the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) website. The screening process used the molecular network, which assisted in the selection of six samples of macroalgae out of the 40 samples for further examination. Lastly, an NMR-based protocol was employed to choose the samples of interest to be investigated further. Six samples were shortlisted from the GNPS molecular network based on specimens, which were then validated with 1H NMR spectroscopy to finally prioritized three samples.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89327157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-qom
Nur Lailatul Hanifa, A. Afifah, Destia Kusuma Wijaya, Nufus Nurmazaya, Anis Qomariyah
Modifying the methoxyl group on pectin from Siam orange peel (Citrus nobilis) has been done. Pectin was obtained from the peel of Siam orange by extraction method. The modified pectin obtained were analyzed using the FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red Spectroscopy) method, the XRD (X-Ray Diffractometry), and surface appearance images using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pb(II) and Cr(VI) metals which can be adsorbed by the adsorbent then analyzed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The results of the FT-IR analysis was found that the modification of the methoxyl group was successful. XRD analysis showed that the modified pectin adsorbent produced amorphous properties. The maximum pH for Pb(II) adsorption was obtained, namely pH = 6 and the maximum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption was pH =7. The best adsorption time variation for Pb(II) was 240 min and for Cr(VI) was 500 min. The best adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II) was base-modified pectin adsorbent, while the best adsorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI) was base-modified pectin adsorbent. It could be proven that base-modified pectin was able to adsorb Pb(II) and acid-modified pectin was able to absorb Cr(VI) better (Pb(II) 80% adsorption percentage and 90% Cr(VI) adsorption percentage) than previous studies, namely pectin without modification (adsorption percentage obtained 60-70%).
{"title":"Acid and Base modified Pectin from Orange Peel as an Effective Bio-adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from Textile Industry Wastewater","authors":"Nur Lailatul Hanifa, A. Afifah, Destia Kusuma Wijaya, Nufus Nurmazaya, Anis Qomariyah","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-qom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-qom","url":null,"abstract":"Modifying the methoxyl group on pectin from Siam orange peel (Citrus nobilis) has been done. Pectin was obtained from the peel of Siam orange by extraction method. The modified pectin obtained were analyzed using the FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red Spectroscopy) method, the XRD (X-Ray Diffractometry), and surface appearance images using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pb(II) and Cr(VI) metals which can be adsorbed by the adsorbent then analyzed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The results of the FT-IR analysis was found that the modification of the methoxyl group was successful. XRD analysis showed that the modified pectin adsorbent produced amorphous properties. The maximum pH for Pb(II) adsorption was obtained, namely pH = 6 and the maximum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption was pH =7. The best adsorption time variation for Pb(II) was 240 min and for Cr(VI) was 500 min. The best adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II) was base-modified pectin adsorbent, while the best adsorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI) was base-modified pectin adsorbent. It could be proven that base-modified pectin was able to adsorb Pb(II) and acid-modified pectin was able to absorb Cr(VI) better (Pb(II) 80% adsorption percentage and 90% Cr(VI) adsorption percentage) than previous studies, namely pectin without modification (adsorption percentage obtained 60-70%).","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78527815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-mah
R. G. Mahardika, Khairul Fajri, Henri Henri
The impact of reactions free radical compounds can cause various health problems such as inflammation, aging, and cancer. Therefore, to avoid damage caused by free radicals, the body needs an important substance, antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are more recommended than synthetic antioxidants because synthetic antioxidants must be in accordance with the prescribed dose because they can cause side effects that are harmful to the body. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of the extract and fraction of the Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Grifft.) stem extract. Antioxidant testing was carried out using the DPPH method on extracts and fractions of Pelawan stem extract (T. merguensis Grifft.). In addition, qualitative phytochemical testing was also carried out on extracts of the stems of Pelawan (T. merguensis). The results of the three solvent fractions, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, were positive for flavonoid and phenolic secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH radicals in the methanol extract fraction of pelawan stems had a very strong activity with an IC50 value of 36.33 g/mL, while the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract fractions had a very weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 387.43 μg/mL dan 759.88 μg/mL.
自由基化合物反应的影响会导致各种健康问题，如炎症、衰老和癌症。因此，为了避免自由基造成的损害，身体需要一种重要的物质——抗氧化剂。天然抗氧化剂比合成抗氧化剂更值得推荐，因为合成抗氧化剂必须按照规定剂量服用，因为它们会产生对身体有害的副作用。本研究旨在测定白颡鱼(Tristaniopsis merguensis Grifft.)茎提取物及其部位的抗氧化活性。采用DPPH法对白颡鱼茎提取物及其部位进行抗氧化试验。此外，还对Pelawan (T. merguensis)茎提取物进行了定性植物化学测试。正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇三个溶剂组分对黄酮类和酚类次生代谢产物的检测结果均为阳性。同时，对虾茎甲醇提取物对DPPH自由基的抑制活性较强，IC50值为36.33 g/mL，乙酸乙酯和正己烷提取物对DPPH自由基的抑制活性较弱，IC50值分别为387.43和759.88 μg/mL。
{"title":"Antioxidant Capacity Fraction of the Pelawan Stems (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff)","authors":"R. G. Mahardika, Khairul Fajri, Henri Henri","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-mah","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-mah","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of reactions free radical compounds can cause various health problems such as inflammation, aging, and cancer. Therefore, to avoid damage caused by free radicals, the body needs an important substance, antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are more recommended than synthetic antioxidants because synthetic antioxidants must be in accordance with the prescribed dose because they can cause side effects that are harmful to the body. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of the extract and fraction of the Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Grifft.) stem extract. Antioxidant testing was carried out using the DPPH method on extracts and fractions of Pelawan stem extract (T. merguensis Grifft.). In addition, qualitative phytochemical testing was also carried out on extracts of the stems of Pelawan (T. merguensis). The results of the three solvent fractions, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, were positive for flavonoid and phenolic secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH radicals in the methanol extract fraction of pelawan stems had a very strong activity with an IC50 value of 36.33 g/mL, while the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract fractions had a very weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 387.43 μg/mL dan 759.88 μg/mL.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72883192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-ivo
Ivonne Telussa, E. Fransina, Joisana Singerin, Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that contain carbohydrates can be converted into glucose through a hydrolysis process so that they can be used as raw materials for bioethanol production. Navicula sp. strain TAD is a type of marine microalgae that is spread in the inner Ambon Bay (TAD) sea waters and is used to manufacture bioethanol. This study aims to determine the content of carbohydrates and bioethanol produced from tropical marine microalgae Ambon bay Navicula sp. strain TAD. The research was conducted through several stages, namely the cultivation of Navicula sp. strain TAD to obtain biomass, determine carbohydrate content in biomass, hydrolyze biomass and manufacture bioethanol through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that Navicula sp. strain TAD cultivation for seven days had the highest cell density of 72.167 × 105 ± 0.946 cells mL-1 with dry biomass of 0.933 ± 0.062 g and productivity of 0.166 ± 0.011 gL-1 hour-1. The sulfuric acid hydrolysis process was analyzed for a sugar content of 146.5695 ± 0.758 mg. A fermentation process follows the results of the hydrolysis to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol content obtained was 6.357%. These indicated that Navicula sp. strain TAD has the potential to produce bioethanol
{"title":"Bioethanol Production From Tropical Marine Microalgae Ambon Bay Navicula sp. of The Inner Ambon Bay Strain","authors":"Ivonne Telussa, E. Fransina, Joisana Singerin, Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-ivo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-ivo","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that contain carbohydrates can be converted into glucose through a hydrolysis process so that they can be used as raw materials for bioethanol production. Navicula sp. strain TAD is a type of marine microalgae that is spread in the inner Ambon Bay (TAD) sea waters and is used to manufacture bioethanol. This study aims to determine the content of carbohydrates and bioethanol produced from tropical marine microalgae Ambon bay Navicula sp. strain TAD. The research was conducted through several stages, namely the cultivation of Navicula sp. strain TAD to obtain biomass, determine carbohydrate content in biomass, hydrolyze biomass and manufacture bioethanol through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that Navicula sp. strain TAD cultivation for seven days had the highest cell density of 72.167 × 105 ± 0.946 cells mL-1 with dry biomass of 0.933 ± 0.062 g and productivity of 0.166 ± 0.011 gL-1 hour-1. The sulfuric acid hydrolysis process was analyzed for a sugar content of 146.5695 ± 0.758 mg. A fermentation process follows the results of the hydrolysis to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol content obtained was 6.357%. These indicated that Navicula sp. strain TAD has the potential to produce bioethanol","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90499281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2022.10-ind
I. Susanti, R. M. Iqbal, Novia Amalia Sholeha, Khusnul Fatimah Putri
This research aimed to synthesize and characterize the properties of green banana peel waste to be used as adsorbent material. The green banana peel waste was prepared by sieved to be banana powder and then characterized by XRD, FTIR, XRF, and TGA. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue was tested using a simple method, the “batch method”, with further analysis by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The XRF results of green banana peel showed that most of the composition is potassium and phosphorus. The methylene blue adsorption capacity of banana peel material is up to 75.10% with 0.5 grams of adsorbent, which is more significant than in the banana peel, which is 68.04% with 0.2 grams.
{"title":"The Ecofriendly Biosorbent of Methylene Blue Using Banana Peels Waste","authors":"I. Susanti, R. M. Iqbal, Novia Amalia Sholeha, Khusnul Fatimah Putri","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2022.10-ind","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2022.10-ind","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to synthesize and characterize the properties of green banana peel waste to be used as adsorbent material. The green banana peel waste was prepared by sieved to be banana powder and then characterized by XRD, FTIR, XRF, and TGA. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue was tested using a simple method, the “batch method”, with further analysis by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The XRF results of green banana peel showed that most of the composition is potassium and phosphorus. The methylene blue adsorption capacity of banana peel material is up to 75.10% with 0.5 grams of adsorbent, which is more significant than in the banana peel, which is 68.04% with 0.2 grams.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89298601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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