Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-han
H. I. Badi'ah
Silver nanoparticles have been developed in many applications because of their optical and reactivity properties. One of the disadvantages of silver nanoparticles is their low level of stability because their surface is easy to aggregate. It is necessary to have other materials such as chitosan as a capping agent on the surface of silver nanoparticles to prevent aggregation. This study aimed to determine the ability of chitosan as a capping agent for silver nanoparticles. The ability of chitosan was evaluated based on the stability test and characterization using a UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR spectrophotometer. The silver nanoparticles formed producing a yellow color with a wavelength of 401 nm and a size of 13.48 nm. The volume of chitosan that gave optimal results in stabilizing silver nanoparticles was 2.0 mL.
{"title":"Chitosan as a Capping Agent of Silver Nanoparticles","authors":"H. I. Badi'ah","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-han","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-han","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles have been developed in many applications because of their optical and reactivity properties. One of the disadvantages of silver nanoparticles is their low level of stability because their surface is easy to aggregate. It is necessary to have other materials such as chitosan as a capping agent on the surface of silver nanoparticles to prevent aggregation. This study aimed to determine the ability of chitosan as a capping agent for silver nanoparticles. The ability of chitosan was evaluated based on the stability test and characterization using a UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR spectrophotometer. The silver nanoparticles formed producing a yellow color with a wavelength of 401 nm and a size of 13.48 nm. The volume of chitosan that gave optimal results in stabilizing silver nanoparticles was 2.0 mL.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84412227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-ani
Anis Qomariyah, N. Nuryono, E. S. Kunarti
The recovery of Au(III) in the Au/Cu/Mg system from mercapto-silica hybrid coated magnetite (SH/Fe3O4@SiO2) adsorbent has been investigated. This adsorbent characterized using FT-IR to determine functional groups, crystallinity study using XRD, surface morphology using SEM, material compositions with XPS, surface area using nitrogen adsorption, and TGA to study thermal stability. Adsorption of metal ions carried out with batch system for 30 minutes at a pH of 3. In the Au/Cu/Mg multi-metal system, Au(III) ions were easily desorbed (approximately 85%) by SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent based on HSAB (Hard Soft Acid Base) theory that Au(III) ion is a softer metal than Cu(II) and Mg(II) where Au(III)>Cu(II)>Mg(II). The recovery of Au(III) ions was easily desorbed using thiourea 7% in 0,1 M HCl solution with the percentage of 79%. The process of SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent separation after adsorption and recovery was very easy. The adsorbent could perfectly separate in 5 minutes using an external magnet. The SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent can be reused on the adsorption-desorption process of Au(III) in the Au/Cu/Mg system approximately four times of cycle reactions.
研究了硫醇-二氧化硅复合包覆磁铁矿(SH/Fe3O4@SiO2)吸附剂在Au/Cu/Mg体系中对Au(III)的回收。利用FT-IR确定了该吸附剂的官能团，用XRD研究了其结晶度，用SEM分析了其表面形貌，用XPS分析了其材料成分，用氮气吸附分析了其表面积，并用TGA研究了其热稳定性。在pH值为3的条件下，用间歇系统吸附金属离子30分钟。在Au/Cu/Mg多金属体系中，根据HSAB (Hard Soft Acid Base)理论，Au(III)离子是比Cu(II)和Mg(II)更软的金属，其中Au(III)>Cu(II)>Mg(II)， SH/Fe3O4@SiO2吸附剂容易解吸Au(III)离子(约85%)。在0.1 M HCl溶液中用7%的硫脲解吸Au(III)离子，解吸率为79%。SH/Fe3O4@SiO2吸附剂吸附后的分离和回收过程非常简单。吸附剂可以在5分钟内使用外部磁铁完全分离。SH/Fe3O4@SiO2吸附剂可重复用于Au/Cu/Mg体系中Au(III)的吸附-解吸过程，循环反应次数约为4次。
{"title":"Recovery of Gold in Au/Cu/Mg System from SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 as a Magnetically Separable and Reusable Adsorbent","authors":"Anis Qomariyah, N. Nuryono, E. S. Kunarti","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-ani","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-ani","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of Au(III) in the Au/Cu/Mg system from mercapto-silica hybrid coated magnetite (SH/Fe3O4@SiO2) adsorbent has been investigated. This adsorbent characterized using FT-IR to determine functional groups, crystallinity study using XRD, surface morphology using SEM, material compositions with XPS, surface area using nitrogen adsorption, and TGA to study thermal stability. Adsorption of metal ions carried out with batch system for 30 minutes at a pH of 3. In the Au/Cu/Mg multi-metal system, Au(III) ions were easily desorbed (approximately 85%) by SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent based on HSAB (Hard Soft Acid Base) theory that Au(III) ion is a softer metal than Cu(II) and Mg(II) where Au(III)>Cu(II)>Mg(II). The recovery of Au(III) ions was easily desorbed using thiourea 7% in 0,1 M HCl solution with the percentage of 79%. The process of SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent separation after adsorption and recovery was very easy. The adsorbent could perfectly separate in 5 minutes using an external magnet. The SH/Fe3O4@SiO2 adsorbent can be reused on the adsorption-desorption process of Au(III) in the Au/Cu/Mg system approximately four times of cycle reactions.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81751070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-lal
L. R. Savalas, I. N. Loka, J. Ardhuha
Chemical analysis has been undertaken to investigate the nutrients compositions and the presence of residual pesticides from rice cultivated from converted-to-organic paddy fields in Lombok Island. The nutrients being investigated were macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, and proteins), micronutrients (beta-carotene), metal ions, and minerals, whereas pesticides being investigated were organo-chlorides residues such as endrin, delta-BHC, dieldrin, etc. The chemical analysis results were compared to those from rice cultivated from conventional farming, which uses chemical pesticides. It was revealed that there is no difference in the nutrients compositions of rice produced from converted-to-organic paddy fields to those from conventional farming. Moreover, it was shown that both rice samples from converted-to-organic and conventional farming paddy fields have no detectable residual pesticides. This finding suggests that the absence of residual pesticides from rice samples does not necessarily correspond to the application of organic farming in the converted-to-organic land. There is not robust evidence that the application of organic alters the nutrient composition of rice. This result also underlines the need to further investigate the real benefits of organic rice farming products in terms of nutritional composition and safety.
{"title":"Chemical Analysis of Rice from Converted-to-Organic Paddy Field in Lombok Island","authors":"L. R. Savalas, I. N. Loka, J. Ardhuha","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-lal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-lal","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical analysis has been undertaken to investigate the nutrients compositions and the presence of residual pesticides from rice cultivated from converted-to-organic paddy fields in Lombok Island. The nutrients being investigated were macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, and proteins), micronutrients (beta-carotene), metal ions, and minerals, whereas pesticides being investigated were organo-chlorides residues such as endrin, delta-BHC, dieldrin, etc. The chemical analysis results were compared to those from rice cultivated from conventional farming, which uses chemical pesticides. It was revealed that there is no difference in the nutrients compositions of rice produced from converted-to-organic paddy fields to those from conventional farming. Moreover, it was shown that both rice samples from converted-to-organic and conventional farming paddy fields have no detectable residual pesticides. This finding suggests that the absence of residual pesticides from rice samples does not necessarily correspond to the application of organic farming in the converted-to-organic land. There is not robust evidence that the application of organic alters the nutrient composition of rice. This result also underlines the need to further investigate the real benefits of organic rice farming products in terms of nutritional composition and safety.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-bij
C. Bijang, M. Tanasale, Adhi G. Kelrey, Inda Ulfa Mansur, T. Azis
This study aims to obtain the optimum ratio of Ouw Natural Clay (LAO):Chitosan in the manufacture of chitosan-LAO composites. The composite will be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). LAO-Chitosan composites were made with the ratio of LAO:Chitosan = 1.25:1, 2.5:1, 5:1. XRD and SEM were carried out for each composite. The performance as a Cd metal adsorbent was determined by calculating the adsorption capacity. Composites with a ratio of 1.25:1 have the best adsorption capacity. The performance as adsorbent for Cd metal was determined by calculating the absorbed Cd concentration. Maximum results are achieved by composites with a ratio of 5:1.
{"title":"Preparation of Natural Ouw Clay-Chitosan Composite and Its Application as Lead and Cadmium Metal Adsorbent","authors":"C. Bijang, M. Tanasale, Adhi G. Kelrey, Inda Ulfa Mansur, T. Azis","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-bij","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-bij","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to obtain the optimum ratio of Ouw Natural Clay (LAO):Chitosan in the manufacture of chitosan-LAO composites. The composite will be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). LAO-Chitosan composites were made with the ratio of LAO:Chitosan = 1.25:1, 2.5:1, 5:1. XRD and SEM were carried out for each composite. The performance as a Cd metal adsorbent was determined by calculating the adsorption capacity. Composites with a ratio of 1.25:1 have the best adsorption capacity. The performance as adsorbent for Cd metal was determined by calculating the absorbed Cd concentration. Maximum results are achieved by composites with a ratio of 5:1.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83314129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-30DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2020.9-jan
J. K. Mere, M. Bintang, M. Safithri
Bacterial resistance is a serious problem that until now still has become a global problem. The search for new antibacterial compounds is needed to overcome this problem. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is a plant known to contain bioactive compounds that can be used as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to explore the leaves of this plant as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli pBR322 resistant bacteria. Based on the antibacterial test results, extracts and leaf fractions of this plant can inhibit bacterial growth. Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 800 ppm showed strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.36±0.02 mm followed by ethanol extract and other fractions, namely 8.43±0.01 mm (ethanol extract), 7.24±0.01 mm (water fraction), and 1.45±0.01 mm (n-hexane fraction). The results of spectrophotometric MIC determination also showed inhibition against bacterial growth, which was marked by a decrease in the absorbance value at the lowest antibacterial concentration of 600 ppm from 0.454 to 0.070 at wavenumber 600 nm after 24 hours of incubation. The decrease in the absorbance value indicated that the antibacterial properties of the plant leaves at this concentration were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effectiveness of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaves to Escherichia coli pBR322","authors":"J. K. Mere, M. Bintang, M. Safithri","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2020.9-jan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2020.9-jan","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial resistance is a serious problem that until now still has become a global problem. The search for new antibacterial compounds is needed to overcome this problem. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is a plant known to contain bioactive compounds that can be used as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to explore the leaves of this plant as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli pBR322 resistant bacteria. Based on the antibacterial test results, extracts and leaf fractions of this plant can inhibit bacterial growth. Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 800 ppm showed strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.36±0.02 mm followed by ethanol extract and other fractions, namely 8.43±0.01 mm (ethanol extract), 7.24±0.01 mm (water fraction), and 1.45±0.01 mm (n-hexane fraction). The results of spectrophotometric MIC determination also showed inhibition against bacterial growth, which was marked by a decrease in the absorbance value at the lowest antibacterial concentration of 600 ppm from 0.454 to 0.070 at wavenumber 600 nm after 24 hours of incubation. The decrease in the absorbance value indicated that the antibacterial properties of the plant leaves at this concentration were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90231520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-29DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-eka
E. Yanti, Eviyanti Nazareth, Yuana Dwi Agustin, M. Usman
Antioxidant pentapeptides are pentapeptide compounds that have antioxidant activity. One of the pentapeptide compounds that have antioxidant activity is FWKVV. FWKVV is a linear pentapeptide with the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-tryptophan-lysine-valine-valine, which was first isolated to hydrolyzate the muscle protein of Miiuy croaker (Miichthysmiiuy). In addition to isolation, FWKVV compounds can be produced by the peptide synthesis method because this method requires a shorter time than the isolation method from natural materials. Synthesis methods commonly used are solution-phase peptide synthesis and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). However, the SPSS method is more efficient because it does not require purification in every process. The purpose of this study was to synthesize FWKVV compounds using the SPPS method and test their antioxidant activity. FWKVV has been synthesized using the SPPS method with HBTU/HOBt coupling reagent and Fmoc protective group. The FWKVV crud produced was 148.8 mg and had antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with an IC50 value of 4.2 mg/mL.
{"title":"Synthesis of Pentapeptide FWKVV (Phe-Trp-Lys-Val-Val) and Its Activity as Antioxidants","authors":"E. Yanti, Eviyanti Nazareth, Yuana Dwi Agustin, M. Usman","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-eka","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.9-eka","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant pentapeptides are pentapeptide compounds that have antioxidant activity. One of the pentapeptide compounds that have antioxidant activity is FWKVV. FWKVV is a linear pentapeptide with the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-tryptophan-lysine-valine-valine, which was first isolated to hydrolyzate the muscle protein of Miiuy croaker (Miichthysmiiuy). In addition to isolation, FWKVV compounds can be produced by the peptide synthesis method because this method requires a shorter time than the isolation method from natural materials. Synthesis methods commonly used are solution-phase peptide synthesis and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). However, the SPSS method is more efficient because it does not require purification in every process. The purpose of this study was to synthesize FWKVV compounds using the SPPS method and test their antioxidant activity. FWKVV has been synthesized using the SPPS method with HBTU/HOBt coupling reagent and Fmoc protective group. The FWKVV crud produced was 148.8 mg and had antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with an IC50 value of 4.2 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74340926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.30598//IJCR.2020.8-FAS
F. A. Souhoka, Andi Zulkifli Al Aziz, Nazudin Nazudin
This research aims to isolate oil from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) and identify the chemical components of patchouli oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Patchouli plant samples were obtained from Welulu Village, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Fresh patchouli leaves are dried in the sun for four days to a constant weight. Patchouli leaves water content is 77.41% (w/w). Dry patchouli leaves are distilled using the water and steam method for two hours. Water and oil distillates are separated using a separating funnel. Patchouli oil obtained was dried using Na2SO4 anhydrous and yield 0.73% (w/w). The results of GC-MS analysis showed that patchouli oil contained 13 chemical components compounds, namely β-patchoulene (4.56%), cedr-8-ene (1.24%), trans-caryophyllene (7.96%), α-guaiene (18.61%), seychellene (5.70%), patchoulene (2.88%), eremophilene (1.33%), azulene (8.74%), delta-guaiene (18.90%), cyclohexanone (1.10%), globulol (1.88%), veridiflorol (4.39%), and alcohol patchouli (22.7%).
{"title":"Patchouli Oil Isolation and Identification of Chemical Components Using GC-MS","authors":"F. A. Souhoka, Andi Zulkifli Al Aziz, Nazudin Nazudin","doi":"10.30598//IJCR.2020.8-FAS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//IJCR.2020.8-FAS","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to isolate oil from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) and identify the chemical components of patchouli oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Patchouli plant samples were obtained from Welulu Village, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Fresh patchouli leaves are dried in the sun for four days to a constant weight. Patchouli leaves water content is 77.41% (w/w). Dry patchouli leaves are distilled using the water and steam method for two hours. Water and oil distillates are separated using a separating funnel. Patchouli oil obtained was dried using Na2SO4 anhydrous and yield 0.73% (w/w). The results of GC-MS analysis showed that patchouli oil contained 13 chemical components compounds, namely β-patchoulene (4.56%), cedr-8-ene (1.24%), trans-caryophyllene (7.96%), α-guaiene (18.61%), seychellene (5.70%), patchoulene (2.88%), eremophilene (1.33%), azulene (8.74%), delta-guaiene (18.90%), cyclohexanone (1.10%), globulol (1.88%), veridiflorol (4.39%), and alcohol patchouli (22.7%).","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83481550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-yun
Y. Retnaningtyas, Nia Kristiningrum, H. D. Renggani, Indah Purnama Sary
The stability indication of Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was validated for quantitative determination of mangiferin on three species mango leaves (Mangifera odorata Griff, Mangifera foetida Lour, and Mangifera indica L.). The samples were extracted by maseration method using methanol and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The method carried out on stationary phase a purospher RP-18 endcapped (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: phosphoric acid 0.1% (v/v) (31:69); flow rate:0.8 mL/min; solvent methanol, detection was carried out at 258 nm. The analytical performace this measurement is good with the value of linearity (r2=0.998), precision (%RSD=0.649%), and accuration (10.67%). The forced degradation studies were carried out according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The results indicating that the complete separation between degradation products and mangiferin peak occured. The degradation limit of mangiferin 5–20% (according to the guideline of ICH) except in basic condition (100%). The method was succesful applied to determine of the mangiferin in pakel (Mangifera foetida), kweni (Mangifera indica) and kopyor (Mangifera odorata) extract. The mangiferin content was obtained are pakel (9.95%), kopyor (7.40%) and kweni (Mangifera odorata) (2.49%) respectively.
采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对3种芒果叶(芒果香、芒果叶和芒果叶)中芒果苷的含量进行了定量测定。样品采用甲醇浸泡法提取，旋转蒸发器浓缩。固定相为purrospher RP-18端盖柱(25 cm × 4.6 mm id, 5µm)，流动相为甲醇:磷酸0.1% (v/v) (31:69);流量:0.8 mL/min;溶剂甲醇，检测波长258 nm。该方法具有良好的线性度(r2=0.998)、精密度(%RSD=0.649%)、准确度(10.67%)。强迫退化研究是根据国际协调会议的准则进行的。结果表明，降解产物与芒果苷峰完全分离。除基本条件(100%)外，芒果苷的降解极限为5-20%(按ICH指南)。该方法成功地测定了芒果叶、芒果叶和芒果叶提取物中芒果苷的含量。得到的芒果苷含量分别为包皮(9.95%)、kopyor(7.40%)和kweni(芒果香)(2.49%)。
{"title":"Stability Indicating RP-HPLC for Quantification Mangiferin in Extract of Three Species Mango Leaves","authors":"Y. Retnaningtyas, Nia Kristiningrum, H. D. Renggani, Indah Purnama Sary","doi":"10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-yun","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-yun","url":null,"abstract":"The stability indication of Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was validated for quantitative determination of mangiferin on three species mango leaves (Mangifera odorata Griff, Mangifera foetida Lour, and Mangifera indica L.). The samples were extracted by maseration method using methanol and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The method carried out on stationary phase a purospher RP-18 endcapped (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: phosphoric acid 0.1% (v/v) (31:69); flow rate:0.8 mL/min; solvent methanol, detection was carried out at 258 nm. The analytical performace this measurement is good with the value of linearity (r2=0.998), precision (%RSD=0.649%), and accuration (10.67%). The forced degradation studies were carried out according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The results indicating that the complete separation between degradation products and mangiferin peak occured. The degradation limit of mangiferin 5–20% (according to the guideline of ICH) except in basic condition (100%). The method was succesful applied to determine of the mangiferin in pakel (Mangifera foetida), kweni (Mangifera indica) and kopyor (Mangifera odorata) extract. The mangiferin content was obtained are pakel (9.95%), kopyor (7.40%) and kweni (Mangifera odorata) (2.49%) respectively.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82386091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-vit
Vita Wonoputri, Natasha Emanuella, Evelyn Angelica, J. P. Sitompul
In this study, bentonite was used as a filler in the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite. The mechanical property of PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite was treated using two different surfactants, namely octadecyl amine (ODA) and trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (TSC) at two different concentration (20 mmol and 40 mmol). The treatments of ODA and TSC in the matrix with regards to the basal spacing of bentonite stacks measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in basal spacing was obtained when TSC 40 was applied for treatment. Data of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that this increase was caused by the incorporation of surfactant into the bentonite stacks. Most of the PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite can form intercalation structure, while a sample containing TSC 40 formed exfoliation structure. This exfoliation structure resulted in a film with the best tensile strength and water vapor permeability compared to the others. The film containing TSC 40 showed the lowest reduction in water activity, almost similar to the bread sample wrapped using conventional plastic. The bread wrapped with TSC 40 film was not grown by fungi as opposed to the conventional plastic, showing the potential of the nanocomposite film as food packaging.
{"title":"Variasi Jarak Antar Layer Bentonit Pada Pembuatan Nanokomposit Pla-Bentonit Sebagai Kemasan Makanan","authors":"Vita Wonoputri, Natasha Emanuella, Evelyn Angelica, J. P. Sitompul","doi":"10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-vit","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-vit","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, bentonite was used as a filler in the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite. The mechanical property of PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite was treated using two different surfactants, namely octadecyl amine (ODA) and trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (TSC) at two different concentration (20 mmol and 40 mmol). The treatments of ODA and TSC in the matrix with regards to the basal spacing of bentonite stacks measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in basal spacing was obtained when TSC 40 was applied for treatment. Data of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that this increase was caused by the incorporation of surfactant into the bentonite stacks. Most of the PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite can form intercalation structure, while a sample containing TSC 40 formed exfoliation structure. This exfoliation structure resulted in a film with the best tensile strength and water vapor permeability compared to the others. The film containing TSC 40 showed the lowest reduction in water activity, almost similar to the bread sample wrapped using conventional plastic. The bread wrapped with TSC 40 film was not grown by fungi as opposed to the conventional plastic, showing the potential of the nanocomposite film as food packaging.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88502021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-ang
Anggit Raksajati, Tri Partono Adhi, D. Ariono
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from condensate stew, hydrocyclone water, and sludge separator contains organic carbon with a COD more than 40 g/L and a nitrogen content of about 0.2 and 0.5 g/L as ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. At present, the POME is converted into biogas using anaerobic ponds. Biogas produced contains 60% methane (CH4) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be purified into biomethane through CO2 absorption using water. This study evaluates the optimum pressure and feed compression stage in biogas upgrading into biomethane. The results show the rate of circulation of water needed to separate CO2 from biogas feed decreases with increasing absorber pressure due to increased solubility of CO2 in water. Water circulation pumps and biogas compressor works increase due to the increase in pressure difference needed. The optimum pressure of the biogas biogas purification unit is within the range of 7-10 bar. At the same absorber pressure, the 1 stage feed compression unit is cheaper than that of 2 stages. However, the overall process with 1 compression stage might not be more economical than the 2-stage if consider the higher methane loss.
{"title":"Pengaruh Tekanan Dan Tahap Kompresi Dalam Pemurnian Biogas Menjadi Biometana Dengan Absorpsi CO2 Menggunakan Air Bertekanan","authors":"Anggit Raksajati, Tri Partono Adhi, D. Ariono","doi":"10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-ang","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-ang","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from condensate stew, hydrocyclone water, and sludge separator contains organic carbon with a COD more than 40 g/L and a nitrogen content of about 0.2 and 0.5 g/L as ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. At present, the POME is converted into biogas using anaerobic ponds. Biogas produced contains 60% methane (CH4) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be purified into biomethane through CO2 absorption using water. This study evaluates the optimum pressure and feed compression stage in biogas upgrading into biomethane. The results show the rate of circulation of water needed to separate CO2 from biogas feed decreases with increasing absorber pressure due to increased solubility of CO2 in water. Water circulation pumps and biogas compressor works increase due to the increase in pressure difference needed. The optimum pressure of the biogas biogas purification unit is within the range of 7-10 bar. At the same absorber pressure, the 1 stage feed compression unit is cheaper than that of 2 stages. However, the overall process with 1 compression stage might not be more economical than the 2-stage if consider the higher methane loss.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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