Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ism
Ismail Marzuki, Irham Pratama Putra
Plastic waste pollution in the marine environment triggers the formation of microplastics dissolved in seawater. Microplastics are one of the nutrients for plankton and phytoplankton. Through the food chain, microplastics can accumulate in the bodies of marine biota, until they finally reach the human body. The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine the microplastic group in fish in Makassar City KWB destinations. The method applied is maceration extraction using 70% C2H5OH for 3 days, then extracted with N-Hexane. The non-polar extracts identified the microplastic components using FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed the types of microplastics based on their absorption spectrum images. The results of the study were that all fish samples coded PS.B.1, PS.B.2, PS.B.3, were contaminated with secondary microplastics. Types of microplastics were identified, namely PP, PVC, PE, PS, PET and PC. The microplastic contaminants are thought to be the result of community activities. The public needs to be aware of the potential for microplastic accumulation in the bodies of marine fish that are consumed. Managers of Makassar City KWB destinations are advised to apply a pattern of supervision to the community to care about waste and educate the implementation of plastic waste recycling management
{"title":"Investigation of Microplastic Exposure to Marine Fish in the Marine Tourism Area of Makassar City","authors":"Ismail Marzuki, Irham Pratama Putra","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ism","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ism","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste pollution in the marine environment triggers the formation of microplastics dissolved in seawater. Microplastics are one of the nutrients for plankton and phytoplankton. Through the food chain, microplastics can accumulate in the bodies of marine biota, until they finally reach the human body. The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine the microplastic group in fish in Makassar City KWB destinations. The method applied is maceration extraction using 70% C2H5OH for 3 days, then extracted with N-Hexane. The non-polar extracts identified the microplastic components using FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed the types of microplastics based on their absorption spectrum images. The results of the study were that all fish samples coded PS.B.1, PS.B.2, PS.B.3, were contaminated with secondary microplastics. Types of microplastics were identified, namely PP, PVC, PE, PS, PET and PC. The microplastic contaminants are thought to be the result of community activities. The public needs to be aware of the potential for microplastic accumulation in the bodies of marine fish that are consumed. Managers of Makassar City KWB destinations are advised to apply a pattern of supervision to the community to care about waste and educate the implementation of plastic waste recycling management","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73275438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-far
Farrah Hanum Hanum, A. Rahayu, Iqbal Hapsauqi
One of the environmental problems is the waste from the coal combustion process from coal power plants or other industries that use coal as an energy source. The combustion process produces coal fly ash, which will accumulate in the environment. Subsequently, much research about the utilization of coal fly ash has been developed. Silica extraction from coal fly ash is one of the methods that can be used to utilize coal fly ash. This study carried out silica extraction using the Direct Alkaline Leaching (DAL) method. The coal ash was contacted with alkaline solvents (KOH and NaOH) with the variations of concentrations and the leaching time. The leaching solution filtrate will be precipitated with the addition of HCl. The characteristics of this silica from CFA and CFA B were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the results, it could be known that each of the coal fly ashes has different results for both alkaline solvents. CFA A has relatively less silica extraction results in both types of solvents. Meanwhile, CFA B gave higher silica extraction results with coal fly ash and solvent contact time for one hour.
{"title":"The Comparison Effect of NaOH and KOH as The Leaching Solution for Silica from Two Different Coal Fly Ashes","authors":"Farrah Hanum Hanum, A. Rahayu, Iqbal Hapsauqi","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-far","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-far","url":null,"abstract":"One of the environmental problems is the waste from the coal combustion process from coal power plants or other industries that use coal as an energy source. The combustion process produces coal fly ash, which will accumulate in the environment. Subsequently, much research about the utilization of coal fly ash has been developed. Silica extraction from coal fly ash is one of the methods that can be used to utilize coal fly ash. This study carried out silica extraction using the Direct Alkaline Leaching (DAL) method. The coal ash was contacted with alkaline solvents (KOH and NaOH) with the variations of concentrations and the leaching time. The leaching solution filtrate will be precipitated with the addition of HCl. The characteristics of this silica from CFA and CFA B were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the results, it could be known that each of the coal fly ashes has different results for both alkaline solvents. CFA A has relatively less silica extraction results in both types of solvents. Meanwhile, CFA B gave higher silica extraction results with coal fly ash and solvent contact time for one hour.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84449087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-boe
Marianus M. Kafelau, Aloisius Masan Kopon, Anselmus Boy Baunsele, Maria Benediktas Tukan, Maria Aloisia Uron Leba, Faderina Komisia, Erly Grizca Boelan
Traditionally in the village of Alor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, a combination of avocado and papaya leaves is often used to treat malaria. To be able to be developed as an ingredient in traditional medicine, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research to determine the content of secondary metabolites contained in the combination of avocado and papaya leaves. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites contained in avocado and papaya leaves through phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis. Extraction was carried out using methanol solvent by maceration, and the extract yield was 91.4%. Testing the content of secondary metabolites in avocado and papaya leaf extracts was carried out by phytochemical screening. Furthermore, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of a positive group of compounds on phytochemical screening, and to determine the chromatographic profile of the extract. After being tested by phytochemical and TLC analysis, the extract contains several metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The TLC system used in this study can separate the phytochemical content and give positive results that confirm the results of the phytochemical screening.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and TLC Profiling of Combination Extracts of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaves from Timor Island","authors":"Marianus M. Kafelau, Aloisius Masan Kopon, Anselmus Boy Baunsele, Maria Benediktas Tukan, Maria Aloisia Uron Leba, Faderina Komisia, Erly Grizca Boelan","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-boe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-boe","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally in the village of Alor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, a combination of avocado and papaya leaves is often used to treat malaria. To be able to be developed as an ingredient in traditional medicine, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research to determine the content of secondary metabolites contained in the combination of avocado and papaya leaves. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites contained in avocado and papaya leaves through phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis. Extraction was carried out using methanol solvent by maceration, and the extract yield was 91.4%. Testing the content of secondary metabolites in avocado and papaya leaf extracts was carried out by phytochemical screening. Furthermore, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of a positive group of compounds on phytochemical screening, and to determine the chromatographic profile of the extract. After being tested by phytochemical and TLC analysis, the extract contains several metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The TLC system used in this study can separate the phytochemical content and give positive results that confirm the results of the phytochemical screening.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-vin
Vina Melinda Inka Dewi, Maya Rahmayanti
Batik wastewater contains a high concentration of dye that comes from the batik dyeing process. In this study, papaya seeds were applied as a natural coagulant to reduce the concentration of remazol red in batik wastewater. Dried papaya seeds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The coagulation method used the batch method in the pH range of 1-6. The FTIR spectra showed that the papaya seeds contained compounds with -NH2 and -COOH functional groups. The results of coagulation showed that the pH of batik wastewater had an effect on the ability of papaya seeds to reduce the concentration of remazol red. The optimum pH condition was obtained at pH 2 with a decrease in the concentration of remazol red by 96.1%. The interaction that occurs between the coagulant of papaya seeds and the remazol red of batik wastewater is through electrostatic interactions.
{"title":"The Interaction Mechanism of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya L.) as a Natural Coagulant and Remazol Red Under Different pH Conditions","authors":"Vina Melinda Inka Dewi, Maya Rahmayanti","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-vin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-vin","url":null,"abstract":"Batik wastewater contains a high concentration of dye that comes from the batik dyeing process. In this study, papaya seeds were applied as a natural coagulant to reduce the concentration of remazol red in batik wastewater. Dried papaya seeds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The coagulation method used the batch method in the pH range of 1-6. The FTIR spectra showed that the papaya seeds contained compounds with -NH2 and -COOH functional groups. The results of coagulation showed that the pH of batik wastewater had an effect on the ability of papaya seeds to reduce the concentration of remazol red. The optimum pH condition was obtained at pH 2 with a decrease in the concentration of remazol red by 96.1%. The interaction that occurs between the coagulant of papaya seeds and the remazol red of batik wastewater is through electrostatic interactions.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75687715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ima
I. B. D. Kapelle, F. A. Souhoka, Ainun Maharani Walla
This study aims to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves and determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Nutmeg leaf oil was obtained by isolation using steam-water distillation and extraction methods using maceration with ethanol as solvent. The moisture content of nutmeg leaves is 11.11%. From the distillation method, 0.26% nutmeg oil was obtained, while the yield of nutmeg oil was 29.01% from the extraction method. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis showed that distilled nutmeg oil contains 20 components with the main composition, namely myristicin (15.92%), b-phellandrene (14.35%), limonene (11.20%), b-pinene (10.81%), and a-pinene (8.59%). The ethanol extract of nutmeg leaf contains 37 components with the main composition being myristicin (7.64%), 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethylheptasiloxane (7.14%), 2,2-dimethyl-1-decanol (7.12%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5.55%), and 9-dodecane-1-al (4.63%). The antibacterial activity test of nutmeg oil was carried out using the good diffusion method. The inhibitory power of nutmeg oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves against S. aureus bacteria were 20.31 mm and 23.56 mm, while against P. aeruginosa bacteria were 11.79 mm and 8.86 mm, respectively.
{"title":"Chemical Composition Oil and Ethanol Extract of Nutmeg Leaf and Antibacterial Test Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"I. B. D. Kapelle, F. A. Souhoka, Ainun Maharani Walla","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ima","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ima","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves and determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Nutmeg leaf oil was obtained by isolation using steam-water distillation and extraction methods using maceration with ethanol as solvent. The moisture content of nutmeg leaves is 11.11%. From the distillation method, 0.26% nutmeg oil was obtained, while the yield of nutmeg oil was 29.01% from the extraction method. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis showed that distilled nutmeg oil contains 20 components with the main composition, namely myristicin (15.92%), b-phellandrene (14.35%), limonene (11.20%), b-pinene (10.81%), and a-pinene (8.59%). The ethanol extract of nutmeg leaf contains 37 components with the main composition being myristicin (7.64%), 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethylheptasiloxane (7.14%), 2,2-dimethyl-1-decanol (7.12%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (5.55%), and 9-dodecane-1-al (4.63%). The antibacterial activity test of nutmeg oil was carried out using the good diffusion method. The inhibitory power of nutmeg oil and ethanol extract of nutmeg leaves against S. aureus bacteria were 20.31 mm and 23.56 mm, while against P. aeruginosa bacteria were 11.79 mm and 8.86 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89315658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-lat
J. Latupeirissa, M. Tanasale, E. Fransina, Alesya Noya
A study has been conducted aimed to synthesize chitosan-citrate using the ionic gelation method and its characterization with FTIR, SEM, SAA, and PSA, as well as solubility and swelling tests. The results showed that chitosan reacted with sodium citrate producing chitosan-citrate particles. The product of chitosan-citrate has a rough and thickened surface morphology. Surface area is obtained by 35.233 m2/g and pore size is 0.027 cc/g, smaller than chitosan. Based on solubility and swelling tests in acidic, alkaline, and neutral media, chitosan-citrate has good resistance and low swelling effect.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Citrate Microparticle Using Ionic Gelation Methods","authors":"J. Latupeirissa, M. Tanasale, E. Fransina, Alesya Noya","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-lat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-lat","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been conducted aimed to synthesize chitosan-citrate using the ionic gelation method and its characterization with FTIR, SEM, SAA, and PSA, as well as solubility and swelling tests. The results showed that chitosan reacted with sodium citrate producing chitosan-citrate particles. The product of chitosan-citrate has a rough and thickened surface morphology. Surface area is obtained by 35.233 m2/g and pore size is 0.027 cc/g, smaller than chitosan. Based on solubility and swelling tests in acidic, alkaline, and neutral media, chitosan-citrate has good resistance and low swelling effect.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89709002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ahm
Ahmad Nurdin, I. Iriani, H. Harahap, A. Fahmi
This study aimed to determine the yield of activated carbon, iodine number, and surface area of palm activated carbon. Samples were produced by using sodium chloride (NaCl) as an activator. Palm shells that had been produced by the milling process were then sieved with a 12 mesh sieve and soaked in 20 % NaCl solution. The sample solution was heated over a water bath at 70 oC and continued with the drying process at a constant temperature of 105 oC. The activated shells continued the pyrolysis process at temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 oC for 3 hours. The activated carbon obtained from the pyrolysis process was weighed and then washed using hot distilled water. The samples were dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 oC for 24 hours. The results were analyzed for iodine number using iodometric titration method, surface area using Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and pore structure using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The results showed the best yield was 38.13 % obtained at 20% NaCl and a temperature of 400 oC. The best iodine number was 767.745 mg/g and surface area was 6.790 m2/g, pore volume 4.377 cc/g with pore size 9.781 A.
{"title":"Production Process of Large Pore Size Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell using Sodium Chloride as An Activator","authors":"Ahmad Nurdin, I. Iriani, H. Harahap, A. Fahmi","doi":"10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ahm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2022.10-ahm","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the yield of activated carbon, iodine number, and surface area of palm activated carbon. Samples were produced by using sodium chloride (NaCl) as an activator. Palm shells that had been produced by the milling process were then sieved with a 12 mesh sieve and soaked in 20 % NaCl solution. The sample solution was heated over a water bath at 70 oC and continued with the drying process at a constant temperature of 105 oC. The activated shells continued the pyrolysis process at temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 oC for 3 hours. The activated carbon obtained from the pyrolysis process was weighed and then washed using hot distilled water. The samples were dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 oC for 24 hours. The results were analyzed for iodine number using iodometric titration method, surface area using Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and pore structure using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The results showed the best yield was 38.13 % obtained at 20% NaCl and a temperature of 400 oC. The best iodine number was 767.745 mg/g and surface area was 6.790 m2/g, pore volume 4.377 cc/g with pore size 9.781 A.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88903319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-mah
Sri Risky Utami, L. Lidya, Mega Afrilia, R. G. Mahardika
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is pure coconut oil produced from fresh coconuts and does not contain additional chemicals. VCO has a high lauric acid content which acts as an antibiotic, namely antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal so that VCO can increase the human body's resistance to disease or viruses. Free fatty acid (FFA) levels will significantly affect the quality of VCO. The requirement for maximum fatty acid content in VCO to be suitable for consumption is 0.2%. One of the efforts to reduce the free fatty acid levels of VCO is to use adsorbents such as activated charcoal and bentonite. This study aims to determine the effect of bentonite and activated charcoal of pelawan wood (Tristaniopsis merguensis) enhancers of VCO purity. The results showed that the best reduction in free fatty acids was using bentonite and activated charcoal of wood-furnaced pelawan, which was 0.265, while the best turbidity test result was 0.193.
{"title":"Potency of Bentonite and Pelawan Wood Active Charcoal as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Purity Improvements Through Free Fatty Acid Binding","authors":"Sri Risky Utami, L. Lidya, Mega Afrilia, R. G. Mahardika","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-mah","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-mah","url":null,"abstract":"Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is pure coconut oil produced from fresh coconuts and does not contain additional chemicals. VCO has a high lauric acid content which acts as an antibiotic, namely antiviral, antibacterial and antiprotozoal so that VCO can increase the human body's resistance to disease or viruses. Free fatty acid (FFA) levels will significantly affect the quality of VCO. The requirement for maximum fatty acid content in VCO to be suitable for consumption is 0.2%. One of the efforts to reduce the free fatty acid levels of VCO is to use adsorbents such as activated charcoal and bentonite. This study aims to determine the effect of bentonite and activated charcoal of pelawan wood (Tristaniopsis merguensis) enhancers of VCO purity. The results showed that the best reduction in free fatty acids was using bentonite and activated charcoal of wood-furnaced pelawan, which was 0.265, while the best turbidity test result was 0.193.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-flo
Florentina Saji Hasti, Aloisius Masan Kopon, Anselmus Boy Baunsele, Maria Benedikta Tukan, Maria Aloisia Uron Leba, Erly Grizca Boelan, Faderina Komisia
Turmeric is a tropical plant that is widely found on the Asian continent which is extensively used as a food coloring agent and fragrance. Ginger is a spice plant that it often found in South Asia which is widely has spread throughout the world. Coconut is an annual plant, has a hard stem and is generally not branched (monopodial), has fibrous roots, and contain water that is clear and tastes sweet, young coconut water has benefits such as antibacterial, beauty treatment, as an isotonic agent, and carry out the urination. This research was conducted to obtain information about the physicochemical properties and secondary metabolites contents of the coconut water, ginger and turmeric combination extract. The research method was carried out by mixing the mashed turmeric and ginger with the young coconut water and then macerated. The resulting extract was then tested for physicochemical properties (solubility) and identified groups of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The extract was soluble in 70% ethanol. In addition, the combination of young coconut water, ginger, and turmeric extract contain a group of secondary metabolites among others flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids.
{"title":"Identification of Phytochemical Extract of a Combination of Young Coconut Water, Ginger and Turmeric","authors":"Florentina Saji Hasti, Aloisius Masan Kopon, Anselmus Boy Baunsele, Maria Benedikta Tukan, Maria Aloisia Uron Leba, Erly Grizca Boelan, Faderina Komisia","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-flo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-flo","url":null,"abstract":"Turmeric is a tropical plant that is widely found on the Asian continent which is extensively used as a food coloring agent and fragrance. Ginger is a spice plant that it often found in South Asia which is widely has spread throughout the world. Coconut is an annual plant, has a hard stem and is generally not branched (monopodial), has fibrous roots, and contain water that is clear and tastes sweet, young coconut water has benefits such as antibacterial, beauty treatment, as an isotonic agent, and carry out the urination. This research was conducted to obtain information about the physicochemical properties and secondary metabolites contents of the coconut water, ginger and turmeric combination extract. The research method was carried out by mixing the mashed turmeric and ginger with the young coconut water and then macerated. The resulting extract was then tested for physicochemical properties (solubility) and identified groups of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The extract was soluble in 70% ethanol. In addition, the combination of young coconut water, ginger, and turmeric extract contain a group of secondary metabolites among others flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75411780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-ikh
N. Ikhsan, S. J. Sekewael, Nurani Hasanela
The clay used taken from Lontor Village, Central Maluku Regency, Banda Besar Island. The clay was activated at 350 °C for 3 hours using a furnace. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of physically activated Lontor natural clay in reducing levels of phosphate ions using the adsorption method. The adsorption capacity of clay is determined based on two parameters. The parameters are the optimum contact time used are 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours and variations of the concentration are 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L of phosphate. The concentration of phosphate adsorbed on the clay was measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 665 nm. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the adsorption of phosphate ions by Lontor natural clay were obtained at the contact time of 5 hours and the concentration of 40 mg/L. The adsorption of phosphate ions by Lontor activated natural clay followed the pseudo-second-order Lagergren adsorption kinetics model with a rate constant value (k2) of 3.39 x 10-1 g mg-1 min-1, and following the Freundlich adsorption isotherm models with a correlation coefficient (R2), Freundlich constant (Kf), and n values, respectively are 0.9513; 0.57 mg1-1/n L1/n/g, and 0.40 g/L.
{"title":"Kinetics and Isotherm Study of Ion Phosphate Adsorption by Lontor Natural Clay","authors":"N. Ikhsan, S. J. Sekewael, Nurani Hasanela","doi":"10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-ikh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2022.9-ikh","url":null,"abstract":"The clay used taken from Lontor Village, Central Maluku Regency, Banda Besar Island. The clay was activated at 350 °C for 3 hours using a furnace. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of physically activated Lontor natural clay in reducing levels of phosphate ions using the adsorption method. The adsorption capacity of clay is determined based on two parameters. The parameters are the optimum contact time used are 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours and variations of the concentration are 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L of phosphate. The concentration of phosphate adsorbed on the clay was measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 665 nm. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the adsorption of phosphate ions by Lontor natural clay were obtained at the contact time of 5 hours and the concentration of 40 mg/L. The adsorption of phosphate ions by Lontor activated natural clay followed the pseudo-second-order Lagergren adsorption kinetics model with a rate constant value (k2) of 3.39 x 10-1 g mg-1 min-1, and following the Freundlich adsorption isotherm models with a correlation coefficient (R2), Freundlich constant (Kf), and n values, respectively are 0.9513; 0.57 mg1-1/n L1/n/g, and 0.40 g/L.","PeriodicalId":13392,"journal":{"name":"Indo. J. Chem. Res.","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81703644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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