Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.048
R. Yoganand, P. Mahadevaiah, S. M. Rudresh, Ravi G S
: Species belonging to the genus are ubiquitous in nature and many of them form the normal microbial flora in human and animal bodies. A wide variety of infections on mucosal surfaces under certain conditions can be caused due to the sp: A total of 40 isolates of Candida, isolated from vaginal swabs among 476 patients with clinically suspected VVC. Antifungal susceptibility testing done using Fluconazole and Voriconazole. Virulence markers Phospholipase activity, Proteinase activity, Biofilm Productionwere detected by standard methods.: Out of 40 isolates, the following species were isolated, (52.5%) was the most common species isolated from vaginal swabs. The species isolated were (27.5%), (15%), (5%).Intense phospholipase activity was observed in 12 (30%) samples, there was no activity in 18 (45%) samples. A moderate phospholipase activity was observed in 6 (15%) isolates, poor activity in 4 (10%) samples.Proteinase activity was strongly positive in 33 isolates which was identified as and. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 9 isolates, moderate in 8, weak in 11 and negative in 12 isolates. All 40 isolates are susceptible to Fluconazole and Voriconazole.From this study it is observed that and are the major species of causing VVC. Virulence marker analysis such as that for phospholipase, proteinase and biofilm formation will help to analyse the pathogenicity and further research required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these pathways.
{"title":"Speciation of Candida isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis cases, detection of virulence markers of Candida and antifungal susceptibility by disc diffusion method","authors":"R. Yoganand, P. Mahadevaiah, S. M. Rudresh, Ravi G S","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.048","url":null,"abstract":": Species belonging to the genus are ubiquitous in nature and many of them form the normal microbial flora in human and animal bodies. A wide variety of infections on mucosal surfaces under certain conditions can be caused due to the sp: A total of 40 isolates of Candida, isolated from vaginal swabs among 476 patients with clinically suspected VVC. Antifungal susceptibility testing done using Fluconazole and Voriconazole. Virulence markers Phospholipase activity, Proteinase activity, Biofilm Productionwere detected by standard methods.: Out of 40 isolates, the following species were isolated, (52.5%) was the most common species isolated from vaginal swabs. The species isolated were (27.5%), (15%), (5%).Intense phospholipase activity was observed in 12 (30%) samples, there was no activity in 18 (45%) samples. A moderate phospholipase activity was observed in 6 (15%) isolates, poor activity in 4 (10%) samples.Proteinase activity was strongly positive in 33 isolates which was identified as and. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 9 isolates, moderate in 8, weak in 11 and negative in 12 isolates. All 40 isolates are susceptible to Fluconazole and Voriconazole.From this study it is observed that and are the major species of causing VVC. Virulence marker analysis such as that for phospholipase, proteinase and biofilm formation will help to analyse the pathogenicity and further research required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these pathways.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91205786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.050
S. Swarna, R. Vidyameena, T. Bharathi, D. Jeyakumari
The vaginal microbiota dysbiosis [Bacterial vaginosis (BV)] is a condition in which the predominant Lactobacillus spp is replaced by anaerobic bacteria like and in the women of reproductive age group due to several factors. The women with BV are at a greater risk of acquiring urinary tract infection (UTI). The association of bacterial vaginosis and asymptomatic UTI in pregnant women pose risk for both mother and foetus. Here, a case of adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant woman with BV and asymptomatic UTI is reported.
{"title":"Association between vaginal microbiota dysbiosis with asymptomatic UTI in pregnant woman and adverse pregnancy outcome- A case report","authors":"S. Swarna, R. Vidyameena, T. Bharathi, D. Jeyakumari","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.050","url":null,"abstract":"The vaginal microbiota dysbiosis [Bacterial vaginosis (BV)] is a condition in which the predominant Lactobacillus spp is replaced by anaerobic bacteria like and in the women of reproductive age group due to several factors. The women with BV are at a greater risk of acquiring urinary tract infection (UTI). The association of bacterial vaginosis and asymptomatic UTI in pregnant women pose risk for both mother and foetus. Here, a case of adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant woman with BV and asymptomatic UTI is reported.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84781808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.042
Rupak Kumar, Meega Reji
In recent years, the fascinating range of Response surface methodology (RSM) applications has captured the interest of many researchers and engineers worldwide. RSM is entirely based on well-known regression principles and variance analysis principles that enable the user to improve, develop and optimize the process or product under study. An overview of the theoretical principles of RSM, the experimental strategy and its tools and components, along with the applications and pros and cons, are described in this paper. Some of the widely used experimental designs of RSM compared in terms of its characteristics and efficiency are included, which helps to point out the importance of design of experiments (DOE) in optimization using RSM. The live demonstrations of a few optimization examples using response surface methodology in different research manuscripts included in this paper also provide a better understanding of the characteristics of RSM in different scenarios.
{"title":"Response surface methodology (RSM): An overview to analyze multivariate data","authors":"Rupak Kumar, Meega Reji","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.042","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the fascinating range of Response surface methodology (RSM) applications has captured the interest of many researchers and engineers worldwide. RSM is entirely based on well-known regression principles and variance analysis principles that enable the user to improve, develop and optimize the process or product under study. An overview of the theoretical principles of RSM, the experimental strategy and its tools and components, along with the applications and pros and cons, are described in this paper. Some of the widely used experimental designs of RSM compared in terms of its characteristics and efficiency are included, which helps to point out the importance of design of experiments (DOE) in optimization using RSM. The live demonstrations of a few optimization examples using response surface methodology in different research manuscripts included in this paper also provide a better understanding of the characteristics of RSM in different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90668959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.044
Rupak Kumar, Meega Reji
Corona virus infection is a worldwide health threat that has infected a substantial portion of the world’s population and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is the natural tendency of a virus to change the genetic makeup through point mutation, and such viruses are called variant of the original virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus also undergoes such mutation (maybe one or more and distinct from other) over time and many genetically diverse variant has risen. Such variants might be variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) based on the differences in virulence, transmissibility, pathogenicity, and vaccination efficacy. Omicron, a new VOC of SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged as global distress to more than 115 countries. The article provides a summary of the evolutionary, biological, and genomic aspects of different SARS-CoV-2 VOC with respect to Omicron and found that amino acid mutation in spike proteins such as A67V, ∆69-70, Q954H, N969K, L981F etc and other structural protein mutations such as D3G, Q19E, A63T in membrane protein, T9I in envelope protein and P13L, ∆31-33, R203K, G204R in nucleocapsid protein results major differences between different VOC/VOI of SARS-CoV-2. Further, the effectiveness of the widely used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been reviewed specific to Omicron. The existing available Covid-19 vaccines developed and manufactured by Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, and Novavax show reduced efficacy against the latest VOC of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Based on the available literature of preliminary findings, people who get a booster shot or a third vaccine dosage may have better protected against Omicron.
{"title":"Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern omicron: biological features and genomic concern","authors":"Rupak Kumar, Meega Reji","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus infection is a worldwide health threat that has infected a substantial portion of the world’s population and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is the natural tendency of a virus to change the genetic makeup through point mutation, and such viruses are called variant of the original virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus also undergoes such mutation (maybe one or more and distinct from other) over time and many genetically diverse variant has risen. Such variants might be variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) based on the differences in virulence, transmissibility, pathogenicity, and vaccination efficacy. Omicron, a new VOC of SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged as global distress to more than 115 countries. The article provides a summary of the evolutionary, biological, and genomic aspects of different SARS-CoV-2 VOC with respect to Omicron and found that amino acid mutation in spike proteins such as A67V, ∆69-70, Q954H, N969K, L981F etc and other structural protein mutations such as D3G, Q19E, A63T in membrane protein, T9I in envelope protein and P13L, ∆31-33, R203K, G204R in nucleocapsid protein results major differences between different VOC/VOI of SARS-CoV-2. Further, the effectiveness of the widely used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been reviewed specific to Omicron. The existing available Covid-19 vaccines developed and manufactured by Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, and Novavax show reduced efficacy against the latest VOC of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Based on the available literature of preliminary findings, people who get a booster shot or a third vaccine dosage may have better protected against Omicron.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83781029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.051
Sweta Shah, P. Thakkar, T. Singhal, A. Srivastava, A. Kayal, Urvi J. Patel
A 44 years old, immunocompetent, male patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and left hemiparesis. Patient had undergone decompressive craniotomy with partial clot evacuation at another institute for right Prieto-occipital intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) four weeks back. CT scan on the day of admission, showed peripherally enhancing brain abscess in right parietal lobe with surrounding oedema which was at the surgical site. Pus evacuated from abscess grew . Patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin for two weeks with a favourable outcome. Non-gastrointestinal infections due to are emerging.
{"title":"Bacillus cereus causing brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient with craniotomy","authors":"Sweta Shah, P. Thakkar, T. Singhal, A. Srivastava, A. Kayal, Urvi J. Patel","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.051","url":null,"abstract":"A 44 years old, immunocompetent, male patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and left hemiparesis. Patient had undergone decompressive craniotomy with partial clot evacuation at another institute for right Prieto-occipital intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) four weeks back. CT scan on the day of admission, showed peripherally enhancing brain abscess in right parietal lobe with surrounding oedema which was at the surgical site. Pus evacuated from abscess grew . Patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin for two weeks with a favourable outcome. Non-gastrointestinal infections due to are emerging.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75462428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.052
Kishan Patel, Pradeep K. Singh, Prem Pal Yadav, Vishal Kumar Mevada, Binal Rahate, Veerendra Singh Nagoria
A statistical model was developed in this study to describe biomass production through a fermentation process of . Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite CCD was employed to statistically evaluate and optimize the conditions for maximum biomass production and study the significance and interaction of Sucrose, KHPO and FeSO concentration of Jensson’s media on production of biomass. In the current study biomass optimize up to 13.4 g sucrose from 20g, KHPO 1.05g and FeSO 0.14g which give same biomass of . Thereby, sucrose cons different 6.6g in one liter, while compare with economic production cost at prize different Rs 4.3.00 for one liter. Also, for the production in e 300 liter fermenter Sucrose prize different was Rs 1292.00 per batch. Thereby, study has significantly optimize for quality purpose as well as prove to be economic.
{"title":"Optimization of sugar utilization by Azotobacter chroococcum in large scale fermentation for biomass production using response surface methodology","authors":"Kishan Patel, Pradeep K. Singh, Prem Pal Yadav, Vishal Kumar Mevada, Binal Rahate, Veerendra Singh Nagoria","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.052","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical model was developed in this study to describe biomass production through a fermentation process of . Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite CCD was employed to statistically evaluate and optimize the conditions for maximum biomass production and study the significance and interaction of Sucrose, KHPO and FeSO concentration of Jensson’s media on production of biomass. In the current study biomass optimize up to 13.4 g sucrose from 20g, KHPO 1.05g and FeSO 0.14g which give same biomass of . Thereby, sucrose cons different 6.6g in one liter, while compare with economic production cost at prize different Rs 4.3.00 for one liter. Also, for the production in e 300 liter fermenter Sucrose prize different was Rs 1292.00 per batch. Thereby, study has significantly optimize for quality purpose as well as prove to be economic.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.049
Anupam Das, Amit Kumar, P. Pandey, Nikhil Gupta, Mamta Thacker, Vikram Singh, M. Sen, Jyotsna Agarwal
Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. Infection is related to the ingestion of oocyst-contaminated drinking water or food. In HIV infected individuals, this infection could have a higher mortality and vary in clinical manifestation. We report a case of cryptosporidiosis in a recently detected HIV patient who was suffering from intermittent diarrhea for last 2 months. Stool samples were collected and examined by modified Kinyoun’s acid fast staining. On microscopy of smear, we found pink, spherical oocyst 4-6µm in diameter. The absolute CD4+ count of patients was 85 cells/µl and viral load was 560 copies/ml. Patient was treated with an antiparasitic drug Nitazoxanide for 3 days and anti-retroviral Treatment started in ART clinic. On follow up there was resolution of symptoms and no complaints of intermittent diarrhea.
{"title":"Cryptosporidiosis in HIV patients: A case report for timely diagnosis and prompt intervention","authors":"Anupam Das, Amit Kumar, P. Pandey, Nikhil Gupta, Mamta Thacker, Vikram Singh, M. Sen, Jyotsna Agarwal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.049","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. Infection is related to the ingestion of oocyst-contaminated drinking water or food. In HIV infected individuals, this infection could have a higher mortality and vary in clinical manifestation. We report a case of cryptosporidiosis in a recently detected HIV patient who was suffering from intermittent diarrhea for last 2 months. Stool samples were collected and examined by modified Kinyoun’s acid fast staining. On microscopy of smear, we found pink, spherical oocyst 4-6µm in diameter. The absolute CD4+ count of patients was 85 cells/µl and viral load was 560 copies/ml. Patient was treated with an antiparasitic drug Nitazoxanide for 3 days and anti-retroviral Treatment started in ART clinic. On follow up there was resolution of symptoms and no complaints of intermittent diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74352547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.037
Nikita Birhman, Monika Mogha
Dengue fever is defined as a febrile individual who has travelled to or resides in a dengue-endemic area and has two clinical symptoms. Extrinsic incubation period changes are influenced by a number of variables, including the extent of daily temperature changes, virus genotype, and starting viral concentration. IL-10 may play a role in dengue pathogenesis by inducing an immune-suppressive function that results in IFN resistance, poor immunological clearance, and a long-term infectious impact for acute viral infections. The goal of this study is to learn more about the role of the cytokine IL-10 in dengue patients in order to get a better understanding of the disease, its treatment, and prevention in the coming years.: The research was conducted at the SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute in Gurugram, Haryana, in the Department of Microbiology. During the study's duration, 80 patient samples, 40 confirmed dengue positive samples, and 40 healthy controls served as negative controls.A total of 40 dengue positive serum samples were analysed according to the severity of DENV infection into group 1 and we discovered that 90% of the samples represented non-severe dengue infection, while 10% of the samples represented severe dengue infection.: IL-10 is a post-anti-inflammatory cytokine that represents severity in dengue patients and has immune modulatory properties. This study further underlines the need to study and detect IL-10 in the early stages of severe dengue.
{"title":"A study of serum interleukin-10 levels in dengue virus infection in a rural population","authors":"Nikita Birhman, Monika Mogha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.037","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever is defined as a febrile individual who has travelled to or resides in a dengue-endemic area and has two clinical symptoms. Extrinsic incubation period changes are influenced by a number of variables, including the extent of daily temperature changes, virus genotype, and starting viral concentration. IL-10 may play a role in dengue pathogenesis by inducing an immune-suppressive function that results in IFN resistance, poor immunological clearance, and a long-term infectious impact for acute viral infections. The goal of this study is to learn more about the role of the cytokine IL-10 in dengue patients in order to get a better understanding of the disease, its treatment, and prevention in the coming years.: The research was conducted at the SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute in Gurugram, Haryana, in the Department of Microbiology. During the study's duration, 80 patient samples, 40 confirmed dengue positive samples, and 40 healthy controls served as negative controls.A total of 40 dengue positive serum samples were analysed according to the severity of DENV infection into group 1 and we discovered that 90% of the samples represented non-severe dengue infection, while 10% of the samples represented severe dengue infection.: IL-10 is a post-anti-inflammatory cytokine that represents severity in dengue patients and has immune modulatory properties. This study further underlines the need to study and detect IL-10 in the early stages of severe dengue.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75400401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.033
J. Nfongeh, Nafisat Tijjani Dalhat, V. K. Fadayomi, Dauda Anoh Hashimu, Shehu Hadi Naja'atu, Kabido Usman Hulera, Sani Ramalan Abdullahi, Moses Isaac Ageje, Isah Ibrahim Okposhi, Yahuza Jibrin Abubakar
Carbapenemase-producing (CPEC) has been an issue of public health concern due to high resistance to major antibiotics. This pathogen can be acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. The use of detergents for the control of pathogens in food contact surfaces is commonly practiced by most food vendors. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of some commonly used detergents against CPEC from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 924 swab samples from food contact surfaces (246 each from plates, cups and spoons and 186 from tabletops) in various food vending outlets were screened for phenotypic identification of CPEC using Imipenem (30µg) and Meropenem (10µg) antibiotics susceptibility disk diffusion method. Tubes of varying concentrations of test detergents (1:140, 1:160, 1:180, 1:200 and 1:220) were seeded against phenol as standard with varying concentrations of 1:50, 1:60, 1:70 1:80 and 1:90. Hawkers outlets had highest CPEC isolation frequencies among swab samples and isolates with values of 3.33% and 7.70% respectively while cups and spoons surfaces had highest samples (1.63%) and isolates (7.69%) frequencies respectively. Overall CPEC isolation frequencies were 1.30% and 6.00% among the screened samples and isolates respectively. Though there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the frequency values among the vending outlets, the contact surfaces had no significant difference at p>0.05. Highest phenol coefficient value of 2.6 was obtained for MFD while SLD and LPD had 2.3 and 1.7 respectively. The difference in the phenol coefficient values among the detergents were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). All detergents used in this study were effective against CPEC isolated from the food contact surfaces. Using locally produced detergents in appropriate concentrations especially for low-income earners is quite promising and is a good alternative to other branded detergents.
{"title":"Bacteriostatic efficacy of commonly used detergents against carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from food contact surfaces ISSN Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Nfongeh, Nafisat Tijjani Dalhat, V. K. Fadayomi, Dauda Anoh Hashimu, Shehu Hadi Naja'atu, Kabido Usman Hulera, Sani Ramalan Abdullahi, Moses Isaac Ageje, Isah Ibrahim Okposhi, Yahuza Jibrin Abubakar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.033","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenemase-producing (CPEC) has been an issue of public health concern due to high resistance to major antibiotics. This pathogen can be acquired through the consumption of contaminated foods. The use of detergents for the control of pathogens in food contact surfaces is commonly practiced by most food vendors. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of some commonly used detergents against CPEC from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 924 swab samples from food contact surfaces (246 each from plates, cups and spoons and 186 from tabletops) in various food vending outlets were screened for phenotypic identification of CPEC using Imipenem (30µg) and Meropenem (10µg) antibiotics susceptibility disk diffusion method. Tubes of varying concentrations of test detergents (1:140, 1:160, 1:180, 1:200 and 1:220) were seeded against phenol as standard with varying concentrations of 1:50, 1:60, 1:70 1:80 and 1:90. Hawkers outlets had highest CPEC isolation frequencies among swab samples and isolates with values of 3.33% and 7.70% respectively while cups and spoons surfaces had highest samples (1.63%) and isolates (7.69%) frequencies respectively. Overall CPEC isolation frequencies were 1.30% and 6.00% among the screened samples and isolates respectively. Though there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the frequency values among the vending outlets, the contact surfaces had no significant difference at p>0.05. Highest phenol coefficient value of 2.6 was obtained for MFD while SLD and LPD had 2.3 and 1.7 respectively. The difference in the phenol coefficient values among the detergents were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). All detergents used in this study were effective against CPEC isolated from the food contact surfaces. Using locally produced detergents in appropriate concentrations especially for low-income earners is quite promising and is a good alternative to other branded detergents.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.028
Aparajita Gupta, S. Pandey
Since the beginning of civilization, people have used medicinal herbs to treat illnesses. Medicinal plants, which are valued as plentiful sources of folk medicine, are the source of many contemporary pharmaceuticals. is used in several ayurvedic formulations and may have therapeutic benefits. Retz. (Family Combretaceae) is frequently at the top of the list of "Ayurvedic Materia Medica" and is referred to as the "King of Medicine" in Tibet due to its exceptional healing abilities, popularly referred to as "Harar". The entire plant is very restorative and has historically been used to treat a variety of human illnesses. Folklore claims that this plant was used to heal a variety of ailments, including gout, asthma, sore throats, bleeding piles, ulcers, hiccoughs, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Numerous pharmacological and therapeutic actions of the plant have been identified, including anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, radioprotective, cardioprotective, anti-arthritic, and qualities that increase gastrointestinal motility. We have looked into the phyto-pharmacological characteristics of the plant and compiled its varied pharmacological uses in this review in order to comprehend and synthesise the issue of potential role as a multifunctional therapeutic agent.
{"title":"A review on pharmacological activity of terminalia chebula","authors":"Aparajita Gupta, S. Pandey","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of civilization, people have used medicinal herbs to treat illnesses. Medicinal plants, which are valued as plentiful sources of folk medicine, are the source of many contemporary pharmaceuticals. is used in several ayurvedic formulations and may have therapeutic benefits. Retz. (Family Combretaceae) is frequently at the top of the list of \"Ayurvedic Materia Medica\" and is referred to as the \"King of Medicine\" in Tibet due to its exceptional healing abilities, popularly referred to as \"Harar\". The entire plant is very restorative and has historically been used to treat a variety of human illnesses. Folklore claims that this plant was used to heal a variety of ailments, including gout, asthma, sore throats, bleeding piles, ulcers, hiccoughs, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Numerous pharmacological and therapeutic actions of the plant have been identified, including anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, radioprotective, cardioprotective, anti-arthritic, and qualities that increase gastrointestinal motility. We have looked into the phyto-pharmacological characteristics of the plant and compiled its varied pharmacological uses in this review in order to comprehend and synthesise the issue of potential role as a multifunctional therapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85321116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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