Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.025
Sana Islahi, M. Sen, J. Agarwal, Shalini Trivedi
: Haemodialysis is the most effective modality in treatment of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients undergoing the haemodialysis treatment are at a higher risk of acquiring systemic infections. : Microbiological surveillance of Dialysis Unit both prefogging and postfogging by air culture and swab culture.: This observational retrospective study was conducted at the department of Microbiology in a super speciality Post Graduate institute. The mean bacterial and fungal load and surface swab cultures pre and post fogging from the dialysis unit of the hospital were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance testing of isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2017 and EUCAST guidelines. This study provides a comparative Microbiological surveillance of Dialysis Unit both prefogging and postfogging by Air culture and Swab cultures. : Total of 42 Air culture (21 pre and 21 postfogging) and 588 swab culture (294 pre and 294 post fogging) samples were received in the microbiology department and the mean bacterial and fungal load were evaluated and calculated. Prefogging results were within the normal limits and the load was futher reduced postfogging, according to standard guidelines. Aerobic culture and sensitivity of surface swab cultures were done, out of which 11 (32.34%) prefogging swab culture samples, showed single growth of gram positive bacteria that were reduced to no growth post fogging.
{"title":"Microbiological surveillance of dialysis unit-prefogging verses postfogging in a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sana Islahi, M. Sen, J. Agarwal, Shalini Trivedi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":": Haemodialysis is the most effective modality in treatment of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients undergoing the haemodialysis treatment are at a higher risk of acquiring systemic infections. : Microbiological surveillance of Dialysis Unit both prefogging and postfogging by air culture and swab culture.: This observational retrospective study was conducted at the department of Microbiology in a super speciality Post Graduate institute. The mean bacterial and fungal load and surface swab cultures pre and post fogging from the dialysis unit of the hospital were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance testing of isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2017 and EUCAST guidelines. This study provides a comparative Microbiological surveillance of Dialysis Unit both prefogging and postfogging by Air culture and Swab cultures. : Total of 42 Air culture (21 pre and 21 postfogging) and 588 swab culture (294 pre and 294 post fogging) samples were received in the microbiology department and the mean bacterial and fungal load were evaluated and calculated. Prefogging results were within the normal limits and the load was futher reduced postfogging, according to standard guidelines. Aerobic culture and sensitivity of surface swab cultures were done, out of which 11 (32.34%) prefogging swab culture samples, showed single growth of gram positive bacteria that were reduced to no growth post fogging.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85496464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.017
Kamaljeet, Naveen R. Saxena, Mohit Thalquotra
Fungi have emerged as an important cause of health-care associated infections (HCAI) in last few decades. spp. is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in hospitalized individuals. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital with an aim to study species distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from cases of HCAI. isolates from cases of HCAI from medical intensive care unit were identified up to species level. Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolate was done by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) method. The rate of CA-UTI due spp. was 0.3 per 1000 catheter associated days. The rate of catheter related BSI was 0.9 per 1000 catheter associated days. Predominance of non spp. over was noted. Fluconazole resistance was significantly high in NAC spp. compared to .
{"title":"Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of isolates from cases of health-care associated infections","authors":"Kamaljeet, Naveen R. Saxena, Mohit Thalquotra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.017","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi have emerged as an important cause of health-care associated infections (HCAI) in last few decades. spp. is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in hospitalized individuals. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital with an aim to study species distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from cases of HCAI. isolates from cases of HCAI from medical intensive care unit were identified up to species level. Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolate was done by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution (BMD) method. The rate of CA-UTI due spp. was 0.3 per 1000 catheter associated days. The rate of catheter related BSI was 0.9 per 1000 catheter associated days. Predominance of non spp. over was noted. Fluconazole resistance was significantly high in NAC spp. compared to .","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80887069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.018
R. Hawaldar, S. Sodani, D. Taraphdar, Y. Kalantri, D. Chitnis, S. Chitnis
India has experienced a massive surge of COVID 19 cases and death since its appearance in January 2020. In the present cohort study, the percent positivity of non-hospitalized COVID-19 cases among male and female of different age group were analysed, during both first and second wave. A total of 1,75,739 patients, from non-hospitalised settings, were referred/walked-in to our diagnostic centre in the present cohort study between August 2020-June 2021. The collection and testing were approved by NABL, Government of India.: Of the tested samples, 40999 (39.15%) males and 28730 (40.46%) females were positive for COVID-19. The second wave (February 2021-June 2021) detected higher number of positive cases (13,922 vs 55,807, p<0.001). During the first wave (August 2020-January 2021), percent positivity was more amongst male (31.28±10.75%), but second wave recorded higher percent positivity amongst female (56.8±12.24%). Asymptomatic female cases were higher during both waves (2,769; 54.05±5.85% vs 14,166; 59.48±9.88%). The highest percent positivity was amongst older >60 years of age (37.47±16.69) in both waves and lowest amongst 18-30 years (23.17±13.86%). Fever was the predominant symptom in both waves (95%) followed by cough (70% vs 86%). Abdominal pain, nausea and chest pain were prominent in the first wave. Few reports are available from India on non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study will help for developing knowledge on the role of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Central part of India amongst non-hospitalized cases and will help for developing strategies to prepare for impending subsequent waves in disparate population groups across India.
{"title":"COVID 19 infection during first and second wave in Madhya Pradesh, Central India","authors":"R. Hawaldar, S. Sodani, D. Taraphdar, Y. Kalantri, D. Chitnis, S. Chitnis","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.018","url":null,"abstract":"India has experienced a massive surge of COVID 19 cases and death since its appearance in January 2020. In the present cohort study, the percent positivity of non-hospitalized COVID-19 cases among male and female of different age group were analysed, during both first and second wave. A total of 1,75,739 patients, from non-hospitalised settings, were referred/walked-in to our diagnostic centre in the present cohort study between August 2020-June 2021. The collection and testing were approved by NABL, Government of India.: Of the tested samples, 40999 (39.15%) males and 28730 (40.46%) females were positive for COVID-19. The second wave (February 2021-June 2021) detected higher number of positive cases (13,922 vs 55,807, p<0.001). During the first wave (August 2020-January 2021), percent positivity was more amongst male (31.28±10.75%), but second wave recorded higher percent positivity amongst female (56.8±12.24%). Asymptomatic female cases were higher during both waves (2,769; 54.05±5.85% vs 14,166; 59.48±9.88%). The highest percent positivity was amongst older >60 years of age (37.47±16.69) in both waves and lowest amongst 18-30 years (23.17±13.86%). Fever was the predominant symptom in both waves (95%) followed by cough (70% vs 86%). Abdominal pain, nausea and chest pain were prominent in the first wave. Few reports are available from India on non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study will help for developing knowledge on the role of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Central part of India amongst non-hospitalized cases and will help for developing strategies to prepare for impending subsequent waves in disparate population groups across India.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84186020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.016
S. Bhattacharyya, Rohit Kumar
The COVID pandemic is still raging across the world. The XE variant has newly emerged and at present, many cases are being reported from Northern and Western India as well. Possibly it is a hybrid recombinant strain of BA. 1 and BA. 2 strains of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV2. Cases are still mild with few symptoms, and are mostly self-limiting. However, the presenting features can be very non-specific.
{"title":"XE variant of the novel coronavirus","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, Rohit Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.016","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID pandemic is still raging across the world. The XE variant has newly emerged and at present, many cases are being reported from Northern and Western India as well. Possibly it is a hybrid recombinant strain of BA. 1 and BA. 2 strains of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV2. Cases are still mild with few symptoms, and are mostly self-limiting. However, the presenting features can be very non-specific.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83180012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.004
P. Sharma, G. Sharma, A. Sharma, S. Verma, P. Panda, G. Sharma
Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. It is common health problem in areas where safe drinking water is not universally available. In recent times we have witnessed frequent outbreaks as a result of that.: To estimate sero-positivity of Hepatitis A and E viruses in indoor patients of hepatitis, presenting with jaundice using ELISA.: Blood samples and clinical information were collected from cases of jaundice and referred to VRDL lab for analysis over a period of 1 year.: Samples were tested for anti –HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti –HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM).Data was entered into a pre-structured data entry form, on Microsoft Excel sheet.The viral etiology was confirmed in 236 (41.1%) cases while in 337 (58.8%) cases no hepatitis virus could be detected, hepatitis E virus were found to be maximum in 45.76% cases, followed by HAV (39.83% cases)and while in 14.41% cases no hepatitis virus could be detected.: Routine basic microbiological analysis of drinking water should be carried out by assaying the presence of Escherichia coli by the multiple tube fermentation technique.
{"title":"Study of seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e viruses in patients of acute viral hepatitis in a tertiary care centre in sub himalayan region","authors":"P. Sharma, G. Sharma, A. Sharma, S. Verma, P. Panda, G. Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Acute viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. It is common health problem in areas where safe drinking water is not universally available. In recent times we have witnessed frequent outbreaks as a result of that.: To estimate sero-positivity of Hepatitis A and E viruses in indoor patients of hepatitis, presenting with jaundice using ELISA.: Blood samples and clinical information were collected from cases of jaundice and referred to VRDL lab for analysis over a period of 1 year.: Samples were tested for anti –HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti –HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM).Data was entered into a pre-structured data entry form, on Microsoft Excel sheet.The viral etiology was confirmed in 236 (41.1%) cases while in 337 (58.8%) cases no hepatitis virus could be detected, hepatitis E virus were found to be maximum in 45.76% cases, followed by HAV (39.83% cases)and while in 14.41% cases no hepatitis virus could be detected.: Routine basic microbiological analysis of drinking water should be carried out by assaying the presence of Escherichia coli by the multiple tube fermentation technique.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.010
S. Bhat K, Nikitha Jayabalakrishnan
Automated blood culture systems provide continuous monitoring of bacterial growth, and time to positivity (TTP), may be used as good tool for diagnosis of blood stream infections. Objective of the study was to document bacterial profile and their susceptibility pattern and to evaluate the association between the TTP and clinical outcome in patients with BSIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted (after obtaining waiver of consent from institute ethics committee), on 75 patients with positive blood culture. Laboratory data such as TTP, bacterial pathogen isolated from positive blood cultures and their susceptibility pattern, clinical parameters such as demographic characteristics, source of BSIs, severity of infection as per various clinical scores were analysed for patients with TTP ≤10 hours and > 10 hours using univariate analysis. was the commonest gram-negative bacterial isolate (33.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest gram-positive bacterial isolate (22.2%). Antimicrobial resistance rate in GNB was very high for cefotaxime (57%), ciprofloxacin (44%) and among gram-positive bacterial isolates was high for clindamycin (56.5%), and cefotaxime (50%). In the study, median TTP was 13 hours and short TTP of ≤10h was observed for , and . There were statistically significant differences observed for end stage renal disease, diabetes association and neutropenia patients with short TTP. Time to positivity is a useful tool for to-measure laboratory prognostic factor for patients with bacteremia. However, further studies with larger sample size, may be required to define its usefulness and the optimal cut-off points.
{"title":"Time to positivity of blood culture as a prognostic marker in predicting the clinical outcome of blood stream infection","authors":"S. Bhat K, Nikitha Jayabalakrishnan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"Automated blood culture systems provide continuous monitoring of bacterial growth, and time to positivity (TTP), may be used as good tool for diagnosis of blood stream infections. Objective of the study was to document bacterial profile and their susceptibility pattern and to evaluate the association between the TTP and clinical outcome in patients with BSIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted (after obtaining waiver of consent from institute ethics committee), on 75 patients with positive blood culture. Laboratory data such as TTP, bacterial pathogen isolated from positive blood cultures and their susceptibility pattern, clinical parameters such as demographic characteristics, source of BSIs, severity of infection as per various clinical scores were analysed for patients with TTP ≤10 hours and > 10 hours using univariate analysis. was the commonest gram-negative bacterial isolate (33.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest gram-positive bacterial isolate (22.2%). Antimicrobial resistance rate in GNB was very high for cefotaxime (57%), ciprofloxacin (44%) and among gram-positive bacterial isolates was high for clindamycin (56.5%), and cefotaxime (50%). In the study, median TTP was 13 hours and short TTP of ≤10h was observed for , and . There were statistically significant differences observed for end stage renal disease, diabetes association and neutropenia patients with short TTP. Time to positivity is a useful tool for to-measure laboratory prognostic factor for patients with bacteremia. However, further studies with larger sample size, may be required to define its usefulness and the optimal cut-off points.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84768660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.008
B. Pathi, N. Poddar, K. Panigrahi, D. Pattnaik, J. Jena
Dengue virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to the genus flavivirus family flaviviridae. Dengue fever is a seasonal and emerging acute mosquito borne arbo-viral illness affecting tropical and sub-tropical countries. This illness ranges from a mild asymptomatic form to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and changing trend of Dengue virus in a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Over a period of four years from August 2016 to December 2019, a total of 5147 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue patients were received in department of Microbiology laboratory. Serum was separated and subjected to enzyme immunoassay for detection of both Non Structural (NS1) antigen and IgM antibody.During this study period, a total of 5147 blood samples were processed from suspected dengue cases, out of which 1314(25%) samples were found to be positive by different serological markers like NS1 Antigen (Ag), IgM antibody(Ab), or both NS1 Ag & IgM Ab. The overall seroprevalence rate was found to be 25%. In this study period of four years, the year-wise seroprevalence rate was found to be 12% (153) in the year 2016 and was 26% (350) in the year 2017 and was 40% (522) in the year 2018, and was 22% (289) in the year 2019. It clearly shows that there is an increase in the dengue cases.
{"title":"Seroprevalence and changing trend of dengue in a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Four-year retrospective study","authors":"B. Pathi, N. Poddar, K. Panigrahi, D. Pattnaik, J. Jena","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.008","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to the genus flavivirus family flaviviridae. Dengue fever is a seasonal and emerging acute mosquito borne arbo-viral illness affecting tropical and sub-tropical countries. This illness ranges from a mild asymptomatic form to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with or without dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and changing trend of Dengue virus in a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Over a period of four years from August 2016 to December 2019, a total of 5147 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue patients were received in department of Microbiology laboratory. Serum was separated and subjected to enzyme immunoassay for detection of both Non Structural (NS1) antigen and IgM antibody.During this study period, a total of 5147 blood samples were processed from suspected dengue cases, out of which 1314(25%) samples were found to be positive by different serological markers like NS1 Antigen (Ag), IgM antibody(Ab), or both NS1 Ag & IgM Ab. The overall seroprevalence rate was found to be 25%. In this study period of four years, the year-wise seroprevalence rate was found to be 12% (153) in the year 2016 and was 26% (350) in the year 2017 and was 40% (522) in the year 2018, and was 22% (289) in the year 2019. It clearly shows that there is an increase in the dengue cases.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85740835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.012
N. Poddar, B. Pathi, A. Mishra, K. Panigrahi, D. Pattnaik, J. Jena
During this lockdown period, medical teachers conduct online classes using various Apps. The department of Microbiology wants to know the understanding of Microbiology from MBBS, BDS and nursing students. Also, the satisfaction and problem faced by faculty of Microbiology department. This is a questionnaire-based study. It was validated, and a pilot was conducted for modifications. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms. Three different questionnaires were prepared, two for students perception regarding online class and online assessment and the third one for the perception of faculty about online class and assessment.The opinions given were analysed, and feedback points were noted. The percentage level of satisfaction and usefulness was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. 75% of faculties agree that it is helpful to students. Most of the time, students attendance was more than offline classroom teaching. Students and faculty were comfortable with the Google form used for assessment & preferred MCQ & SAQ. All faculty & students face network connectivity errors during class and assessment. Response of BDS and nursing students were better than MBBS students. Online assessment can be done one week after the online class.The students (MBBS, BDS & Nursing) and faculty of the Microbiology department perceived moderate satisfaction and usefulness with the ongoing online classes and assessment during this crisis period. MBBS students & faculty expressed the desire to resume regular physical classes, especially for practicals and clinics. Problems faced by teachers and students addressed to Institutional authority to improve the online teaching-learning programme.
{"title":"Feedback analysis of online classes and assessment during COVID 19 lockdown period from both students and teacher, department of Microbiology, Odisha","authors":"N. Poddar, B. Pathi, A. Mishra, K. Panigrahi, D. Pattnaik, J. Jena","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.012","url":null,"abstract":"During this lockdown period, medical teachers conduct online classes using various Apps. The department of Microbiology wants to know the understanding of Microbiology from MBBS, BDS and nursing students. Also, the satisfaction and problem faced by faculty of Microbiology department. This is a questionnaire-based study. It was validated, and a pilot was conducted for modifications. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms. Three different questionnaires were prepared, two for students perception regarding online class and online assessment and the third one for the perception of faculty about online class and assessment.The opinions given were analysed, and feedback points were noted. The percentage level of satisfaction and usefulness was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. 75% of faculties agree that it is helpful to students. Most of the time, students attendance was more than offline classroom teaching. Students and faculty were comfortable with the Google form used for assessment & preferred MCQ & SAQ. All faculty & students face network connectivity errors during class and assessment. Response of BDS and nursing students were better than MBBS students. Online assessment can be done one week after the online class.The students (MBBS, BDS & Nursing) and faculty of the Microbiology department perceived moderate satisfaction and usefulness with the ongoing online classes and assessment during this crisis period. MBBS students & faculty expressed the desire to resume regular physical classes, especially for practicals and clinics. Problems faced by teachers and students addressed to Institutional authority to improve the online teaching-learning programme.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78588252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.007
S. R, Preetha Peethambar, S. Konde, M. Agarwal, Sahana N Prasad
: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes which are non-fluoridated, fluoridated and the one containing prebiotic ingredient on s and .: Antimicrobial activities of prebiotic, fluoridated, non-fluoridated toothpastes were assessed at different concentrations (100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug). Since prebiotic toothpaste had other proven antimicrobial agents, 100% inulin extract from chicory (prebiotic) was assessed for its antimicrobial efficacy at varying concentrations. Antimicrobial property was evaluated by determining the zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method on Luria Bertani (LB) broth media for and MRS broth media forL.plantarum. 100ul of inoculums of S.mutans and L.plantarum was poured on to the agar plates respectively. Five wells measuring 0.5cm was made, dentifrice at varying concentration i.e; 100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug was loaded into respective wells. 50ul of DMSO was loaded in the well at the centre as control and incubated at 37°C for 24hrs. : All the three tested toothpastes had significant antimicrobial activity against S.mutans and L.plantarum. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient with mean zone of inhibition of (18.5+/-0.5) and (20.0+/-1) at 400ug against S.mutans and L.plantarum. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial activity of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes against S.mutans at 400ug (P=1), but there was a significant difference for L.plantarum at 400ug (P<0.001). Antimicrobial activity increased at higher concentrations for all the three tested toothpastes and for 100% Inulin extract. : All the three tested toothpaste were effective against S.mutans and L.plantarum at varying concentrations, but toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient was most effective in inhibition of both the micro-organisms.
{"title":"Anti microbial effect of prebiotic containing tooth paste against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus: An invitro evaluation","authors":"S. R, Preetha Peethambar, S. Konde, M. Agarwal, Sahana N Prasad","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":": To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes which are non-fluoridated, fluoridated and the one containing prebiotic ingredient on s and .: Antimicrobial activities of prebiotic, fluoridated, non-fluoridated toothpastes were assessed at different concentrations (100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug). Since prebiotic toothpaste had other proven antimicrobial agents, 100% inulin extract from chicory (prebiotic) was assessed for its antimicrobial efficacy at varying concentrations. Antimicrobial property was evaluated by determining the zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method on Luria Bertani (LB) broth media for and MRS broth media forL.plantarum. 100ul of inoculums of S.mutans and L.plantarum was poured on to the agar plates respectively. Five wells measuring 0.5cm was made, dentifrice at varying concentration i.e; 100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug was loaded into respective wells. 50ul of DMSO was loaded in the well at the centre as control and incubated at 37°C for 24hrs. : All the three tested toothpastes had significant antimicrobial activity against S.mutans and L.plantarum. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient with mean zone of inhibition of (18.5+/-0.5) and (20.0+/-1) at 400ug against S.mutans and L.plantarum. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial activity of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes against S.mutans at 400ug (P=1), but there was a significant difference for L.plantarum at 400ug (P<0.001). Antimicrobial activity increased at higher concentrations for all the three tested toothpastes and for 100% Inulin extract. : All the three tested toothpaste were effective against S.mutans and L.plantarum at varying concentrations, but toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient was most effective in inhibition of both the micro-organisms.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.009
R. R., C. Valsan, E. Sreekumar, K. Sathiavathy
Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In 2017, a concerning increase in dengue cases with high mortality was seen in India with Kerala topping the list. Changing pattern of circulating dengue virus serotype and co infection with multiple serotypes contribute to the increasing trend in severity and increased mortality of dengue fever. The present study focused to find the dengue serotypes prevalent in central Kerala and prevalence of co infection with multiple serotypes here with an attempt to correlate these with clinical severity of dengue: This descriptive study was done in the Microbiology department of Jubilee Mission Medical College, Thrissur for a period of 18 months. Blood samples of clinically suspected dengue fever cases which were positive for NS1 antigen and having fever not more than 5 days were subjected to molecular methods to detect dengue virus RNA followed by multiplex RTPCR to find its serotype. Demographic features, clinical details and lab parameters were also collected from each patient. A total of 108 samples positive for Dengue NS1 antigen were subjected to RT-PCR. Among them 61(56.5%) were positive by RT-PCR. All the 4 Dengue serotypes were found with DENV-2 with 30 cases (49.2%) being the predominant serotype followed by DENV-1 with 20 cases (32.8%), DENV-3 with 12 cases (19.6%) and DENV-4 with 2 cases (3.27%). Three cases (4.9%) of co infection with DENV-1,2, DENV-1, 4 and DENV-2,3 were also found. Two among the 108 patients (1.85%) died in the present study. Significant correlation between severity of dengue infection and serotypes could not be found due to very few severe cases encountered during the study. : The dengue serotypes predominant in central Kerala is DENV-2. The prevalence of co infection with multiple serotypes is 4.9% which proves that this area has become hyper endemic to the disease, which increases the risk of emergence of more severe cases.
{"title":"Molecular detection of dengue virus serotypes prevalent in central Kerala and its correlation with disease severity","authors":"R. R., C. Valsan, E. Sreekumar, K. Sathiavathy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.009","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In 2017, a concerning increase in dengue cases with high mortality was seen in India with Kerala topping the list. Changing pattern of circulating dengue virus serotype and co infection with multiple serotypes contribute to the increasing trend in severity and increased mortality of dengue fever. The present study focused to find the dengue serotypes prevalent in central Kerala and prevalence of co infection with multiple serotypes here with an attempt to correlate these with clinical severity of dengue: This descriptive study was done in the Microbiology department of Jubilee Mission Medical College, Thrissur for a period of 18 months. Blood samples of clinically suspected dengue fever cases which were positive for NS1 antigen and having fever not more than 5 days were subjected to molecular methods to detect dengue virus RNA followed by multiplex RTPCR to find its serotype. Demographic features, clinical details and lab parameters were also collected from each patient. A total of 108 samples positive for Dengue NS1 antigen were subjected to RT-PCR. Among them 61(56.5%) were positive by RT-PCR. All the 4 Dengue serotypes were found with DENV-2 with 30 cases (49.2%) being the predominant serotype followed by DENV-1 with 20 cases (32.8%), DENV-3 with 12 cases (19.6%) and DENV-4 with 2 cases (3.27%). Three cases (4.9%) of co infection with DENV-1,2, DENV-1, 4 and DENV-2,3 were also found. Two among the 108 patients (1.85%) died in the present study. Significant correlation between severity of dengue infection and serotypes could not be found due to very few severe cases encountered during the study. : The dengue serotypes predominant in central Kerala is DENV-2. The prevalence of co infection with multiple serotypes is 4.9% which proves that this area has become hyper endemic to the disease, which increases the risk of emergence of more severe cases.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80123494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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