Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2125839
S. Karmakar, A. Bhowal, P. Das
ABSTRACT HIGEE (an acronym of high gravity) devices have attracted considerable attention among the researchers due to its immense process intensification capability. In order to achieve desired process efficiency this technology replaces terrestrial acceleration by centrifugal one (typically 1000g) which can be attained by rotating a specially shaped rigid bed. This study focuses on liquid–liquid extraction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from wastewater using aliquat-336 as an extractant inside a novel rotating zigzag contactor (RZC). Extraction efficiency of RZC were observed with the variation in pH (2–10), rotational speed (300–1100rpm), aqueous phase (0.4–1.2 L-min−1) and organic phase (0.05–0.15 L-min−1) flow rate, feed (25–200 mg-L−1) and extractant (0.5–1.25 vol%) concentration. The results obtained from this study showed a significant improvement in extraction efficiency (85–99%) with the variation in rotational speed (300–1100rpm). It was observed that the efficiency increased with rotational speed, total flow rate and the organic phase flow rates but decreased with the feed concentration and pH of the aqueous solution. Comparison with some conventional contactors reveals that the extraction efficiency obtained in RZC was nearly 40–50% higher under the same operating conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Extraction of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using novel rotating zigzag contactor","authors":"S. Karmakar, A. Bhowal, P. Das","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2125839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2125839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT HIGEE (an acronym of high gravity) devices have attracted considerable attention among the researchers due to its immense process intensification capability. In order to achieve desired process efficiency this technology replaces terrestrial acceleration by centrifugal one (typically 1000g) which can be attained by rotating a specially shaped rigid bed. This study focuses on liquid–liquid extraction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from wastewater using aliquat-336 as an extractant inside a novel rotating zigzag contactor (RZC). Extraction efficiency of RZC were observed with the variation in pH (2–10), rotational speed (300–1100rpm), aqueous phase (0.4–1.2 L-min−1) and organic phase (0.05–0.15 L-min−1) flow rate, feed (25–200 mg-L−1) and extractant (0.5–1.25 vol%) concentration. The results obtained from this study showed a significant improvement in extraction efficiency (85–99%) with the variation in rotational speed (300–1100rpm). It was observed that the efficiency increased with rotational speed, total flow rate and the organic phase flow rates but decreased with the feed concentration and pH of the aqueous solution. Comparison with some conventional contactors reveals that the extraction efficiency obtained in RZC was nearly 40–50% higher under the same operating conditions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"103 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47437868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2126333
Vaibhav Pandere, A. Gautam, Shina Gautam
ABSTRACT After the successful removal of metals from printed circuit boards either through a physical or chemical process, epoxy resins are thermosetting plastics left over for landfilling. To overcome landfilling, thermal degradation of this resin was done under different particle sizes with varying catalyst concentrations. A series of thermogravimetric experiments were carried out using ZSM-5 as the catalyst. To study kinetics parameters’ mass loss with temperature was divided into 3 zones 120–240°C, 240–360°C and 360–650°C. To determine activation energy and the order of reaction, the Coats and Redfern method was used. Experimental data in all three zones were found in agreement with the Coats and Redfern method. ZSM-5 was found to be reducing activation energy and the order of reaction in zone 2. The average activation energy was in the range of 150–200 kJ/mol and the order of reaction was 1.5–2 in zone 2 for different experiments. Coarser particles were found to have less decomposition than finer particles due to heat transfer limitation within the particle. However, the effect of increasing catalyst concentration was found ineffective in the mass transfer of more volatiles from PCB. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A kinetic study of thermal degradation of non-metallic part of printed circuit boards for the combined effect of particle size and catalyst","authors":"Vaibhav Pandere, A. Gautam, Shina Gautam","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2126333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2126333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the successful removal of metals from printed circuit boards either through a physical or chemical process, epoxy resins are thermosetting plastics left over for landfilling. To overcome landfilling, thermal degradation of this resin was done under different particle sizes with varying catalyst concentrations. A series of thermogravimetric experiments were carried out using ZSM-5 as the catalyst. To study kinetics parameters’ mass loss with temperature was divided into 3 zones 120–240°C, 240–360°C and 360–650°C. To determine activation energy and the order of reaction, the Coats and Redfern method was used. Experimental data in all three zones were found in agreement with the Coats and Redfern method. ZSM-5 was found to be reducing activation energy and the order of reaction in zone 2. The average activation energy was in the range of 150–200 kJ/mol and the order of reaction was 1.5–2 in zone 2 for different experiments. Coarser particles were found to have less decomposition than finer particles due to heat transfer limitation within the particle. However, the effect of increasing catalyst concentration was found ineffective in the mass transfer of more volatiles from PCB. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"114 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2119892
P. Tamilazhagan, S. Ananda kumar, N. Sundar, K. Radha
ABSTRACT In the present investigation, PLA and its blends have been fabricated as bio-based polymeric membranes, which can be possibly utilised for the fractionation of bioactive materials. Moreover, very limited research had been cited on the improvement of toughening properties of biomembranes suited for bioactive recovery. Hence, we made an attempt to synthesise and formulate PLA with its appropriate blends as membranes with increased toughness. In the current study, we have fabricated four different membranes, namely, neat PLA, PLA-CNSL (Cashew nutshell liquid), PLA-PCL (Polycaprolactone) and PLA-PEG (Polyethylene glycol), and a systematic characterisation was performed for all the above-said membranes. From the results obtained, it is understood that the blend of PLA with CNSL showed a reduced contact angle of 3.8° making it extremely hydrophilic. In addition, the same blend also showed tensile stress of 44.53 MPa and elongation of 39.84%. The SEM images clearly revealed a uniform porosity of 41.32% for PLA with CNSL membrane, which is proved to be an appropriate blend with improved toughness and reproducible hydrophilic nature ideally suitable for the membrane filtration process. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Development of bio-based polymer membranes for a possible recovery of bioactive materials","authors":"P. Tamilazhagan, S. Ananda kumar, N. Sundar, K. Radha","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2119892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2119892","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present investigation, PLA and its blends have been fabricated as bio-based polymeric membranes, which can be possibly utilised for the fractionation of bioactive materials. Moreover, very limited research had been cited on the improvement of toughening properties of biomembranes suited for bioactive recovery. Hence, we made an attempt to synthesise and formulate PLA with its appropriate blends as membranes with increased toughness. In the current study, we have fabricated four different membranes, namely, neat PLA, PLA-CNSL (Cashew nutshell liquid), PLA-PCL (Polycaprolactone) and PLA-PEG (Polyethylene glycol), and a systematic characterisation was performed for all the above-said membranes. From the results obtained, it is understood that the blend of PLA with CNSL showed a reduced contact angle of 3.8° making it extremely hydrophilic. In addition, the same blend also showed tensile stress of 44.53 MPa and elongation of 39.84%. The SEM images clearly revealed a uniform porosity of 41.32% for PLA with CNSL membrane, which is proved to be an appropriate blend with improved toughness and reproducible hydrophilic nature ideally suitable for the membrane filtration process. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"285 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2119893
D. K. Singh, D. Kumar, V. Yadav
ABSTRACT This article proposes an alternative strain energy density function to describe the hyperelastic behavior of rubber-like materials under various deformations. This proposed strain energy function fulfilled all the necessary characteristics of a hyperelastic material model. This function consists of four material parameters and represents an invariant-based material model. Also, the material parameters are kept constant for the different modes of loading conditions. The model solution based on the proposed energy function is mathematically simple and well suited for all stretching ranges. The model solution is further tested with the existing experimental data and compared with the results of available model solutions. The findings of the model solution agree well with both experimental and theoretical results available in the literature.
{"title":"Constitutive modeling of rubber-like materials: an alternative material model","authors":"D. K. Singh, D. Kumar, V. Yadav","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2119893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2119893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article proposes an alternative strain energy density function to describe the hyperelastic behavior of rubber-like materials under various deformations. This proposed strain energy function fulfilled all the necessary characteristics of a hyperelastic material model. This function consists of four material parameters and represents an invariant-based material model. Also, the material parameters are kept constant for the different modes of loading conditions. The model solution based on the proposed energy function is mathematically simple and well suited for all stretching ranges. The model solution is further tested with the existing experimental data and compared with the results of available model solutions. The findings of the model solution agree well with both experimental and theoretical results available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"221 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-14DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2119895
Aviti Katare, Swapnil Sharma, B. Mandal
ABSTRACT Advanced membrane materials with higher gas separation capabilities have developed a lot of interest in CO2 separation because of their ease of fabrication, low cost and excellent separation performance. Amino acid surface modification of fillers is an efficient approach for improving the bond between the polymer and the fillers. We created MMMs in the Chitosan (CS) matrix using L-lysine functionalised graphene oxide (f-GO) nanosheets. The current research focuses on the many elements of chemical conjugation of L-lysine onto graphene oxide utilising carbodiimide as a coupling agent for CO2/N2 separation. FTIR, XRD, Raman, TGA, AFM, FESEM, contact angle and water uptake tests were used to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the produced GO, Lys-c-GO and Lys-c-GO embedded chitosan membranes. A defect-free dense layer with an active layer thickness of 5 µm was successfully cast on a PES support and used for a mixed gas (CO2/N2) separation research at temperatures ranging from 25 to 105 degrees Celsius under swelling circumstances. By maintaining a sweep/feedwater flow rate ratio of 1.5 at an optimal operating temperature of 95°C and feed absolute pressure of 1.21 bar, the fabricated membrane demonstrated strong CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Effects of L-lysine-conjugated-graphene oxide as a nanofiller on the CO2 separation performance of mixed matrix chitosan membrane","authors":"Aviti Katare, Swapnil Sharma, B. Mandal","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2119895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2119895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Advanced membrane materials with higher gas separation capabilities have developed a lot of interest in CO2 separation because of their ease of fabrication, low cost and excellent separation performance. Amino acid surface modification of fillers is an efficient approach for improving the bond between the polymer and the fillers. We created MMMs in the Chitosan (CS) matrix using L-lysine functionalised graphene oxide (f-GO) nanosheets. The current research focuses on the many elements of chemical conjugation of L-lysine onto graphene oxide utilising carbodiimide as a coupling agent for CO2/N2 separation. FTIR, XRD, Raman, TGA, AFM, FESEM, contact angle and water uptake tests were used to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the produced GO, Lys-c-GO and Lys-c-GO embedded chitosan membranes. A defect-free dense layer with an active layer thickness of 5 µm was successfully cast on a PES support and used for a mixed gas (CO2/N2) separation research at temperatures ranging from 25 to 105 degrees Celsius under swelling circumstances. By maintaining a sweep/feedwater flow rate ratio of 1.5 at an optimal operating temperature of 95°C and feed absolute pressure of 1.21 bar, the fabricated membrane demonstrated strong CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"168 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42382995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2120420
Maryom Dabi, B. B. Sahoo, U. Saha
ABSTRACT A small compression ignition (CI) diesel engine was run with different concentrations of diethyl ether (DEE) in Mesua ferrea Linn oil (MLO, 80% by volume)-diesel (20% by volume) blend (M20). DEE was mixed volumetrically by 5 and 10% with M20 to form ternary fuel blends M20D05 and M20D10 respectively. The results revealed an enhancement of 4.4% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with a 5% DEE ternary blend when compared to M20 fuel at lower loads. At maximum output condition, the BTE of ternary blends M20D05 and M20D10 were found lowered by 5.1% and 6.8% respectively to the diesel mode. Brake specific fuel consumption increased with an increase in the amount of DEE in the M20 as compared to the neat M20. An elongated ignition delay period and decelerated combustion process were attained by DEE ternary blends. A maximum reduction of 13.6% CO and 25.6% NOx emissions was achieved with 10% DEE ternary blend as compared to M20 fuel. The HC emissions were increased with the increase of DEE in the blend to the neat M20 fuel. The study suggests that the ternary blends can replace the fossil diesel fuel by 25–30% in CI engines without making any engine modification. Highlights The engine was run with ternary blends of diesel/Mesua ferrea Linn vegetable oil/ DEE. Thermal efficiency increased by 4.4% with a 5% DEE ternary blend than the M20 blend. DEE blended fuels produce lower CO and NOx than the M20 blend. The 5% DEE blend shows better engine thermal efficiency than the 10% DEE blend. Lower NOx was achieved with both ternary fuel blends when compared to diesel fuel. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"An exploratory experimental study of a single-cylinder diesel engine run on diesel–Mesua ferrea Linn oil–diethyl ether ternary blends","authors":"Maryom Dabi, B. B. Sahoo, U. Saha","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2120420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2120420","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A small compression ignition (CI) diesel engine was run with different concentrations of diethyl ether (DEE) in Mesua ferrea Linn oil (MLO, 80% by volume)-diesel (20% by volume) blend (M20). DEE was mixed volumetrically by 5 and 10% with M20 to form ternary fuel blends M20D05 and M20D10 respectively. The results revealed an enhancement of 4.4% brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with a 5% DEE ternary blend when compared to M20 fuel at lower loads. At maximum output condition, the BTE of ternary blends M20D05 and M20D10 were found lowered by 5.1% and 6.8% respectively to the diesel mode. Brake specific fuel consumption increased with an increase in the amount of DEE in the M20 as compared to the neat M20. An elongated ignition delay period and decelerated combustion process were attained by DEE ternary blends. A maximum reduction of 13.6% CO and 25.6% NOx emissions was achieved with 10% DEE ternary blend as compared to M20 fuel. The HC emissions were increased with the increase of DEE in the blend to the neat M20 fuel. The study suggests that the ternary blends can replace the fossil diesel fuel by 25–30% in CI engines without making any engine modification. Highlights The engine was run with ternary blends of diesel/Mesua ferrea Linn vegetable oil/ DEE. Thermal efficiency increased by 4.4% with a 5% DEE ternary blend than the M20 blend. DEE blended fuels produce lower CO and NOx than the M20 blend. The 5% DEE blend shows better engine thermal efficiency than the 10% DEE blend. Lower NOx was achieved with both ternary fuel blends when compared to diesel fuel. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"295 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2119894
Satyajit Chowdhury, Mayank Rakesh, J. Sangwai
ABSTRACT The total recovery of crude oil can be significantly improved by injecting fluids during the secondary and tertiary stages of production. The process leading to improved vertical and areal sweep efficiency is highly influenced by viscous and capillary forces. Along with reservoir rock properties, the reservoir fluid and displacing fluid properties play a critical role during enhanced oil recovery processes. In this study, a two-dimensional differential two-lobe pore throat structure was modelled to investigate the phenomena of water and polymer flooding. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with transient analysis was incorporated to study the oil recovery efficiency with changing effect of wettability conditions, and oil and injecting fluid properties. The fractional flow of water at the outlet, breakthrough time, and residual oil saturation were considered as the evaluation factor for numerical experiments. Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the volume of fluid (VoF) model is used to describe the flooding process and for interface tracking. Inconsistent water cut at the outlet was observed in cases with high viscosity contrast. A significant difference in residual oil saturation (10–25%) was observed between water-wet and oil-wet conditions. Polymer flooding improved the total recovery by 7–22% as compared to simple water flooding. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Investigation of water and polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery method in differential lobe pore structure","authors":"Satyajit Chowdhury, Mayank Rakesh, J. Sangwai","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2119894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2119894","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The total recovery of crude oil can be significantly improved by injecting fluids during the secondary and tertiary stages of production. The process leading to improved vertical and areal sweep efficiency is highly influenced by viscous and capillary forces. Along with reservoir rock properties, the reservoir fluid and displacing fluid properties play a critical role during enhanced oil recovery processes. In this study, a two-dimensional differential two-lobe pore throat structure was modelled to investigate the phenomena of water and polymer flooding. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with transient analysis was incorporated to study the oil recovery efficiency with changing effect of wettability conditions, and oil and injecting fluid properties. The fractional flow of water at the outlet, breakthrough time, and residual oil saturation were considered as the evaluation factor for numerical experiments. Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the volume of fluid (VoF) model is used to describe the flooding process and for interface tracking. Inconsistent water cut at the outlet was observed in cases with high viscosity contrast. A significant difference in residual oil saturation (10–25%) was observed between water-wet and oil-wet conditions. Polymer flooding improved the total recovery by 7–22% as compared to simple water flooding. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"143 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2093636
Shivani S. Vedula, G. Yadav
ABSTRACT The development of environmental consciousness and practices is critically needed. Membranes have outperformed methods such as distillation and extraction in prominence. Technological development is essential for improving wastewater treatment methods. Renewable resources can be regarded as ideal materials for membrane production. It is critical to choose ecologically acceptable materials that are easy to use and have a high separation efficiency. This paper reports the preparation of adsorptive membranes of environmentally friendly chitosan and heteropolyacids. Membranes were prepared by a simple solvent evaporation technique and the effect of dodecatungstophosphoric acid on the composite membrane structure of chitosan were explored. The solution casting method was employed to prepare the membranes. The membrane films were characterised in terms of elemental composition, morphology, and structure using various analytical techniques like SEM-EDX, FTIR-ATR, TGA-DSC, and Universal Testing Machine. An aqueous solution of copper (C 0 = 100–2000 ppm) was adsorbed using these membranes. The effect of heteropolyacid on adsorption was studied. Adsorption above 90% was achieved and the adsorption followed pseudo 2nd order isotherm with R 2 > 0.99. The heteropolyacid acts as a dynamic ion exchanger in the process. The membranes were made from natural, non-toxic, cheap, and easily available materials and have a lot of potential. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Synthesis and application of environment friendly membranes of chitosan and chitosan-PTA for removal of copper (II) from wastewater","authors":"Shivani S. Vedula, G. Yadav","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2093636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2093636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of environmental consciousness and practices is critically needed. Membranes have outperformed methods such as distillation and extraction in prominence. Technological development is essential for improving wastewater treatment methods. Renewable resources can be regarded as ideal materials for membrane production. It is critical to choose ecologically acceptable materials that are easy to use and have a high separation efficiency. This paper reports the preparation of adsorptive membranes of environmentally friendly chitosan and heteropolyacids. Membranes were prepared by a simple solvent evaporation technique and the effect of dodecatungstophosphoric acid on the composite membrane structure of chitosan were explored. The solution casting method was employed to prepare the membranes. The membrane films were characterised in terms of elemental composition, morphology, and structure using various analytical techniques like SEM-EDX, FTIR-ATR, TGA-DSC, and Universal Testing Machine. An aqueous solution of copper (C 0 = 100–2000 ppm) was adsorbed using these membranes. The effect of heteropolyacid on adsorption was studied. Adsorption above 90% was achieved and the adsorption followed pseudo 2nd order isotherm with R 2 > 0.99. The heteropolyacid acts as a dynamic ion exchanger in the process. The membranes were made from natural, non-toxic, cheap, and easily available materials and have a lot of potential. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"51 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43422901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2114947
B. Digvijay, J. Amala, S. Aravind, S. Bhuvaneshwari, P. Mohanraj
ABSTRACT Industrialization and urbanization have primarily contributed to air pollution, necessitating the need for the development of better sensing devices. Unlike other gases, Carbon dioxide (CO2) is more stable in the environment and poses a serious threat to the environment and health. Thus, the detection of CO2 gas becomes imperative. In the present work, a 3-electrode electrochemical cell was developed to detect CO2 gas. The working electrode (CuxO/Cu) was prepared by anodization of copper foil and the characterization studies has been done using XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. The quantitative analysis of CO2 gas was performed by electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and TAFEL. The potential window for CV was between −0.6 V to 1 V and −2 V to 1 V for NaCl and KCl electrolyte, respectively. The sensor developed has lower response time and could detect CO2 gas of concentrations upto 8000 ppm in both electrolytes. The sensor with KCl electrolyte showed a better response than NaCl, with a reduction current density of 0.016A. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"CuxO/Cu based electrochemical sensor for the detection of CO2 gas","authors":"B. Digvijay, J. Amala, S. Aravind, S. Bhuvaneshwari, P. Mohanraj","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2114947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2114947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Industrialization and urbanization have primarily contributed to air pollution, necessitating the need for the development of better sensing devices. Unlike other gases, Carbon dioxide (CO2) is more stable in the environment and poses a serious threat to the environment and health. Thus, the detection of CO2 gas becomes imperative. In the present work, a 3-electrode electrochemical cell was developed to detect CO2 gas. The working electrode (CuxO/Cu) was prepared by anodization of copper foil and the characterization studies has been done using XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. The quantitative analysis of CO2 gas was performed by electrochemical techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and TAFEL. The potential window for CV was between −0.6 V to 1 V and −2 V to 1 V for NaCl and KCl electrolyte, respectively. The sensor developed has lower response time and could detect CO2 gas of concentrations upto 8000 ppm in both electrolytes. The sensor with KCl electrolyte showed a better response than NaCl, with a reduction current density of 0.016A. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"64 1","pages":"479 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46845096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-12DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2110525
H. Nemati, S. A. Shekoohi
ABSTRACT The present work is an extension of the PNB method. Contrary to the previous works, it is assumed that the growth rate of particles/granules is not constant along the granulator length and it depends on the granule mass flow rate and molten urea spray mass flowrate. With these assumptions, the governing equations were extracted, and the analytical solution was derived. Since this method is based on the particle number and the measured data are mass-based (defined based on mass fraction distribution), a general procedure was also proposed to transfer between number-based and mass-based quantities. Finally, the results were compared with measured data taken from a large-scale industrial urea granulator and close agreements were observed. This method is introduced as an effective tool for the simulation of other applications, like driers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Particle sized distribution simulation for an industrial fluidised bed urea granulator by PNB method considering non-uniform growth rate","authors":"H. Nemati, S. A. Shekoohi","doi":"10.1080/00194506.2022.2110525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2022.2110525","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work is an extension of the PNB method. Contrary to the previous works, it is assumed that the growth rate of particles/granules is not constant along the granulator length and it depends on the granule mass flow rate and molten urea spray mass flowrate. With these assumptions, the governing equations were extracted, and the analytical solution was derived. Since this method is based on the particle number and the measured data are mass-based (defined based on mass fraction distribution), a general procedure was also proposed to transfer between number-based and mass-based quantities. Finally, the results were compared with measured data taken from a large-scale industrial urea granulator and close agreements were observed. This method is introduced as an effective tool for the simulation of other applications, like driers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":13430,"journal":{"name":"Indian Chemical Engineer","volume":"65 1","pages":"271 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42223629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：