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Neural Network Modeling of Complex Hysteresis Loops in Ferromagnetic Materials
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24194
Can Ding, Yaolong Bai, Yinbo Ji, Pengcheng Ma

To investigate the impact of diverse multivariate mixing excitation conditions on the hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic materials, this study initially constructs a magnetic performance testing system for electrical steel. This system is capable of generating mixed excitation utilizing a standard Epstein square-circle setup. Subsequently, the study measures the magnetic properties of the oriented silicon steel sheets at various mixing AC frequencies of the hysteresis loop data. Secondly, a hybrid network model integrating a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bi-directional long short-term memory network (BiGRU), augmented with an attention mechanism (AM), is proposed and utilized for predicting the hysteresis properties of oriented silicon steel wafers subjected to compound mixed-frequency excitation. The model utilizes CNN to extract high-dimensional data features reflecting the hysteresis characteristics of the loop, BiGRU to capture the temporal evolution patterns of the key feature vectors, an AM to weigh the feature parameters and emphasize the key features, and a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm based on neural network hyperparameters for automatic selection, enhancing prediction accuracy. In comparison with experimental observations, the method accurately predicts material hysteresis properties under non-sinusoidal complex excitation conditions, outperforming existing deep-learning network models. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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引用次数: 0
Fast Terminal Synergetic Speed Control for SMPMSM Drive System
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24197
Haonan Zhao, Hongmei Li, Liguo Yang, Bin Chen, Chao Zhou

For the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM) drive system, a fast terminal synergetic speed control (FTSSC) is proposed to improve its speed dynamic performance and robustness. In the proposed control scheme, the ultra-local model of SMPMSM drive system, which considers motor parameter uncertainties and unknown disturbances, is set up based on the algebraic parameter identification method. Then, the nonlinear terminal manifold is designed to achieve speed rapid convergence in finite time, moreover, the fast synergetic speed control law that satisfies the voltage and current constraints of SMPMSM drive system is derived. Meanwhile, the Lyapunov function is designed to prove the stability of the proposed fast terminal synergetic speed-controlled SMPMSM drive system. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed control is verified through the experimental research of SMPMSM drive system. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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引用次数: 0
Core Loss Analysis of Axial Modular Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine Considering the Impact of No-Magnetic Ring
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24196
Peng Su, Tianyu Yang, Yongjian Li

This paper investigates the relationship between the distributions of the core loss and the flux density harmonic amplitude along the axial direction in an axial-modular flux-switching permanent-magnet (AM-FSPM) machine. The flux leakage in the no-magnetic ring leads to an uneven distribution of flux density in the core due to the modular cooperation structure. Subsequently, variations in the fundamental flux density amplitudes in the PM field and the armature reaction field are obtained with changes in the thickness of the no-magnetic ring. In addition, the impact of no-magnetic ring thickness on machine torque and core loss is analyzed to determine the optimal thickness for the no-magnetic ring. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental validation. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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引用次数: 0
Studies on Practical Hysteresis Modeling Method Using Play Model by Circuit Simulators 使用电路模拟器播放模型的实用磁滞建模方法研究
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24190
Yoshiki Hane, Kengo Sugahara

This paper investigates two studies on the magnetic circuit model incorporating the play model. First, the calculation speed of several general-purpose circuit simulators is compared when analyzing the magnetic circuit model incorporating the play model. Second, the calculation accuracy and speed of the two modeling methods of the play model on a general-purpose circuit simulator are compared. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

本文对包含播放模型的磁路模型进行了两项研究。首先,在分析包含播放模型的磁路模型时,比较了几种通用电路模拟器的计算速度。其次,比较了在通用电路模拟器上对播放模型的两种建模方法的计算精度和速度。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会。由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 出版。
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引用次数: 0
String-Like Self-Capacitance-Based Proximity and Tactile Sensor that Can be Wrapped Around Robotic Arms 可缠绕在机械臂上的基于自电容的绳状接近和触觉传感器
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24191
Satoshi Tsuji

Cooperative robots that perform safety functions as part of cooperative work with humans have been recently drawing attention. Proximity and tactile sensors that can be retrofitted to a robot's surface are important safety measures for existing robots that are not manufactured as cooperative robots to be used as cooperative robots. In this paper, a string-like self-capacitance-based proximity and tactile sensor that can be easily wrapped around various types of existing robots is proposed. The novel and useful point in this paper is that it can be easily mounted on various robots by a flexible string-like proximity and tactile sensor. The sensor module can be adjusted to the required length by connecting different numbers of modules depending on the mounting surface. As a demonstration, six prototype sensor modules were connected by each connector and wrapped around a robotic arm. The sensor modules on the robot's surface could detect an object within its proximity range and detect the rough pressure after contact. In addition, the robotic arm with the sensor modules could be controlled in real time using the data obtained from the sensor that are object detection data at proximity range. These results confirm that the proposed sensor module can be used in the proximity and tactile sensors of existing robots. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

最近,作为与人类合作工作的一部分而执行安全功能的合作机器人引起了人们的关注。可以加装在机器人表面的接近传感器和触觉传感器,对于现有的非协作机器人作为协作机器人使用来说,是非常重要的安全措施。本文提出了一种基于线状自电容的接近和触觉传感器,可以方便地缠绕在各种现有机器人上。本文的新颖和实用之处在于,它可以通过柔性绳状接近和触觉传感器方便地安装在各种机器人上。传感器模块可以根据安装表面的不同,通过连接不同数量的模块来调整到所需的长度。作为演示,六个传感器模块原型由每个连接器连接,并缠绕在机器人手臂上。机器人表面上的传感器模块可以检测其接近范围内的物体,并检测接触后的粗糙压力。此外,还可以利用传感器获得的数据(即近距离范围内的物体检测数据)实时控制装有传感器模块的机械臂。这些结果证实,所提出的传感器模块可用于现有机器人的接近和触觉传感器。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Electromagnetic Buffer Characteristics of DC Fast Vacuum Switch 直流快速真空开关的电磁缓冲特性分析
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24161
Jiang Wentao, Zhu Zihao, Liu Xiaoming, Chen Hai, Li Peiyuan

In order to solve the contradiction between the rapid isolation of low voltage DC faults and the low bounce of small stroke vacuum switches, taking the fast vacuum switch for 400 V DC power distribution system as the research object, the electromagnetic buffer simulation and experimental research in the opening process are carried out. The influencing factors of the dynamic and reaction mechanism and buffer output characteristics are analyzed, and the electromagnetic buffering effect under typical working conditions is simulated, which proves that electromagnetic buffer is a necessary part of 400 V fast vacuum switch and the motion characteristics of fast switching are optimal when applying 220 V electromagnetic buffer. According to the simulation calculation results, the engineering prototype was made, the experimental research on the electromagnetic buffer under typical working conditions was carried out, and the design criteria of the small stroke electromagnetic buffer were proposed, which solved the problem of fast switching of small stroke and reliable control and low bounce. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

为解决低压直流故障快速隔离与小行程真空开关低回弹之间的矛盾,以400 V直流配电系统用快速真空开关为研究对象,开展了开断过程中的电磁缓冲仿真和试验研究。分析了动态和反作用机理及缓冲输出特性的影响因素,仿真了典型工况下的电磁缓冲效果,证明了电磁缓冲器是 400 V 快速真空开关的必要组成部分,应用 220 V 电磁缓冲器时,快速开关的运动特性最佳。根据仿真计算结果,制作了工程样机,对典型工况下的电磁缓冲器进行了实验研究,提出了小行程电磁缓冲器的设计标准,解决了小行程快速切换和控制可靠、反弹小的问题。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC。
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Eccentricity Correction Method for Arrayed Single-Axis TMR Current Sensors 阵列式单轴 TMR 电流传感器的自适应偏心校正方法
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24182
Shenwang Li, Junkuan Chen, Qiuren Su, Guangyu Zeng, Li Liu, Wusheng Shi, Thomas Wu

Current sensors based on the tunneling magnetoresistive effect (TMR) are widely used for current measurement due to their high sensitivity, small size, and low power consumption. This paper proposes an effective error correction model to rectify the eccentricity of the transmission line, which can cause a significant measurement error in the ring-array single-axis TMR sensor. The model employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify the relationship between the conductor eccentricity and the output of three sensors. The resulting correction factor is then fed back to eliminate the error associated with wire eccentricity. Concurrently, the Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of the convolutional neural network (CNN) in order to enhance the model's performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum error of the ring-array single-axis TMR current sensor, corrected by SSA-CNN, is less than 0.42%, which markedly enhances the precision of the measurement. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

基于隧穿磁阻效应(TMR)的电流传感器具有灵敏度高、体积小、功耗低等优点,被广泛应用于电流测量。本文提出了一种有效的误差修正模型,以纠正传输线的偏心,因为偏心会导致环形阵列单轴 TMR 传感器出现明显的测量误差。该模型采用卷积神经网络 (CNN) 来识别导体偏心率与三个传感器输出之间的关系。由此产生的校正因子被反馈回来,以消除与导线偏心相关的误差。同时,采用麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化卷积神经网络(CNN)的超参数,以提高模型的性能。实验结果表明,经过 SSA-CNN 修正的环形阵列单轴 TMR 电流传感器的最大误差小于 0.42%,显著提高了测量精度。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Analysis of Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna for 5G mm-Wave Applications 面向 5G 毫米波应用的锥形槽维瓦尔第天线的设计与分析
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24189
Husam Al-Deen F. Kokez, Rahma Aloulou, Hassene Mnif

In this paper, a planar of small size Tapered slot Vivaldi antenna for mm-Wave 5G application is proposed. The main goal can be presented by designing of a small size antenna with good performance antenna for mmWave and massive MIMO applications. The suggested antenna structure is portrayed by a size of 6.4 × 6 × 0.254 mm3 printed on a dielectric substrate (Roger/RT Duroid −5880) with εr = 2.2, and tanδ = 0.0009. The antenna displayed a small size and good performance with an impedance bandwidth equals 17.9 GHz ranging from 22.1 GHz to 40 GHz with the value of S11<−10 dB, which covers all mm-Wave frequency bands. The antenna gain is found fluctuating from 6.2 dB up to 7.1 dB in the whole band, which the maximum gain value is found at 22.1 GHz. The radiation of the antenna is found the end-fire type. The HFSS software package was used to design and simulate the proposed antenna structure. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

本文提出了一种用于毫米波 5G 应用的小尺寸锥形槽 Vivaldi 平面天线。主要目标是为毫米波和大规模多输入多输出应用设计一种尺寸小、性能好的天线。建议的天线结构尺寸为 6.4 × 6 × 0.254 mm3,印刷在介质基板(Roger/RT Duroid -5880)上,εr = 2.2,tanδ = 0.0009。该天线体积小、性能好,阻抗带宽等于 17.9 GHz,频率范围从 22.1 GHz 到 40 GHz,S11<-10 dB,覆盖了所有毫米波频段。天线增益在整个频段内从 6.2 dB 波动到 7.1 dB,最大增益值出现在 22.1 GHz。天线的辐射类型为末端发射。HFSS 软件包用于设计和模拟所提议的天线结构。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of DC Electric Field Measurements by Linear Dipole Type Sensor System 利用线性偶极子传感器系统建立直流电场测量系统
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24188
Minoru Tsutsui

Nowadays, electric fields above the ground are measured mainly by so-called ‘field mill type’ sensor systems. However, their measurements are limited to vertical field component only due to its technical constraint. Out of necessity of measurements of electric field components in arbitrary directions in any spaces, a linear dipole type DC electric field sensor system, which can be immersed within a fully uniform electric field, was developed. However, it had been remained unknown whether its sensor output is parameter-dependent or not, and unknown whether it can provide reliable intensity value of measured electric fields or not. In order to clarify these points, test observations of natural electric fields have been conducted by means of plural sensor systems having different values of parameter. Obtained electric field intensity derived from the observed data has shown a parameter-dependence despite that it should be constant for any parameter values. After a detailed analysis of the effect of the parameter along the equivalent electric circuit of the sensor system, a field-calibrating formula, which can make the sensor system to be parameter-independent, has been found. Finally, the linear dipole type DC electric field sensor system for obtaining reliable electric field intensities has been established. © 2024 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

目前,地面电场主要由所谓的 "场磨式 "传感器系统测量。然而,由于技术限制,其测量仅限于垂直方向的电场分量。出于测量任意空间任意方向电场分量的需要,人们开发了一种线性偶极子型直流电场传感器系统,它可以浸没在完全均匀的电场中。然而,它的传感器输出是否与参数有关,是否能提供可靠的测量电场强度值,一直是个未知数。为了澄清这些问题,我们通过具有不同参数值的多个传感器系统对自然电场进行了测试观测。从观测数据中获得的电场强度与参数有关,尽管任何参数值下的电场强度都应该是恒定的。在详细分析了参数对传感器系统等效电路的影响后,我们找到了一个场校准公式,它可以使传感器系统与参数无关。最后,建立了可获得可靠电场强度的线性偶极子型直流电场传感器系统。© 2024 The Author(s).IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 由日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC 出版。
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引用次数: 0
EA-YOLO: An Efficient and Accurate UAV Image Object Detection Algorithm EA-YOLO:高效准确的无人飞行器图像目标检测算法
IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/tee.24180
Dehao Dong, Jianzhuang Li, Haiying Liu, Lixia Deng, Jason Gu, Lida Liu, Shuang Li

An improved EA-YOLO object detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 is proposed to address the issues of drastic changes in target scale, low detection accuracy, and high miss rate in unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography scenarios. Firstly, a DFE module was proposed to improve the effectiveness of feature extraction and enhance the whole model's ability to learn residual features. Secondly, a CWFF architecture was introduced to enable deeper feature fusion and improve the effectiveness of feature fusion. Finally, in order to solve the traditional algorithm's shortcomings it is difficult to detect small targets. We have designed a novel SDS structure and adopted a strategy of reusing low-level feature maps to enhance the network's ability to detect small targets, making it more suitable for detecting some small objects in drone images. Experiments in the VisDrone2019 dataset demonstrated that the proposed EA-YOLOs achieved an average accuracy [email protected] of 39.9%, which is an 8% improvement over YOLOv5s, and [email protected]:0.95 of 22.2%, which is 5.2% improvement over the original algorithm. Compared with YOLOv3, YOLOv5l, and YOLOv8s, the [email protected] of EA-YOLOs improved by 0.9%, 1.8%, and 0.6%, while the GFLOPs decreased by 86.4%, 80.6%, and 26.7%. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

针对无人机航拍场景中目标尺度变化剧烈、检测精度低、漏检率高等问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv5的改进型EA-YOLO目标检测算法。首先,提出了 DFE 模块,以提高特征提取的有效性,增强整个模型学习残差特征的能力。其次,引入 CWFF 架构,实现更深层次的特征融合,提高特征融合的有效性。最后,为了解决传统算法难以检测小型目标的缺点。我们设计了一种新颖的 SDS 结构,并采用了重复使用低级特征图的策略,增强了网络检测小型目标的能力,使其更适合检测无人机图像中的一些小型物体。在VisDrone2019数据集上的实验表明,所提出的EA-YOLOs的平均准确率mAP@0.5,达到了39.9%,比YOLOv5s提高了8%;平均准确率mAP@0.5:0.95,达到了22.2%,比原算法提高了5.2%。与 YOLOv3、YOLOv5l 和 YOLOv8s 相比,EA-YOLOs 的 mAP@0.5 分别提高了 0.9%、1.8% 和 0.6%,而 GFLOPs 则分别降低了 86.4%、80.6% 和 26.7%。© 2024 日本电气工程师学会和 Wiley Periodicals LLC。
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引用次数: 0
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