IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering最新文献

In order to solve the problems of the unadjustable magnetic field of the permanent magnet generator and the high failure rate of the brush claw pole electric excitation generator, a new type of dual-rotor hybrid excitation generator (HEG) is proposed, which is composed of a suspended brushless claw pole electric excitation rotor and a built-in combined magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor. A magnetic field analysis method for the new HEG is proposed, which establishes equivalent magnetic circuit models considering the leakage flux and magnetic circuit distribution. The end leakage flux path of the permanent magnet rotor and the axial leakage flux path of the claw pole rotor are analyzed. The main magnetic flux and air gap magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor and claw pole rotor are calculated by using the equivalent magnetic circuit method and mesh hole method. Through the finite element method, the leakage flux coefficient of the synthetic magnetic field of the HEG is calculated, and the electromagnetic performance is analyzed to verify the correctness of the magnetic field analysis method and the rationality of the magnetic field distribution. Finally, a prototype is built and tested. The results show that the proposed HEG has the advantages of a wide magnetic regulation range, stable output voltage, and good output performance. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Efficient control of transmission control protocol/active queue management (TCP/AQM) systems is crucial for maintaining optimal network performance under dynamic and congested conditions. This paper introduces an advanced analytical design for proportional-integral (PI) AQM controllers, aimed at significantly enhancing TCP system stability and performance. Although PI controllers are effective, tuning them can be challenging. The proposed method provides precise controller parameters based on phase margin and gain crossover frequency requirements, ensuring optimal stabilization. This approach addresses the complexities of network congestion with analytical rigor, offering a robust solution for tuning PI controllers in TCP networks. The derived equations, validated through simulations, demonstrate stability and reliability across various conditions. This new tuning method improves network efficiency, reduces packet loss, and enhances user experience, providing network administrators with superior control and performance for TCP/AQM systems in the face of high-variability internet traffic. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Laser lift-off (LLO) technology is widely used to separate ultra-thin electronic devices and in advanced packaging but typically relies on a specialized laser-responsive layer, adding complexity. This paper presents an innovative take on stealth dicing by using a pulsed laser in a two-dimensional plane to create a separation interface without requiring a special layer, thus simplifying the fabrication process. The relationship between shear strength and laser ablation parameters was analyzed through shear force tests, with the modified layer morphology also examined. Shear strength for separation ranged from 200 to 20 MPa, with lower values achieved by reducing scanning pitch, increasing laser power, or enlarging the separated area. These findings highlight the potential of 2D stealth dicing as an LLO technique for ultra-thin devices. © 2025 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is critical in communication and information processing, enabling efficient identification of modulation types. However, low SNR environments challenge AMC's accuracy, impacting system reliability and anti-jamming capability. To address this issue, a CA-CNN-GRU method based on multi-scale features is proposed. Time-domain, frequency-domain, wavelet-domain, and entropy features are extracted, forming a 36-dimensional feature database to represent signals comprehensively. These multi-scale features serve as input to a CA-CNN-GRU model, which integrates channel attention (CA) for feature selection, CNN for local feature extraction, and GRU for sequence modeling. Experiments classify signals from 10 modulation types across 7 SNR levels. Results show 94.25% accuracy at 0 dB SNR, exceeding 98.5% at 5 dB and achieving 100% in optimal conditions. This represents a 24.9% accuracy improvement over traditional CNN methods, enhancing the anti-jamming ability of communication systems and optimizing signal processing efficiency. This research is expected to provide significant support for the technological development in related fields. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Liquid biopsy has caught the attention of medical doctors for diagnosing or managing diseases through less invasive testing of body fluids. In liquid biopsy, there are various markers used to detect cancer, such as small nucleic acids and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), along with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Detecting CTCs in patients' blood is crucial, as it provides important information about proteins and sugar chains on their membranes and the nucleic acids inside. However, detecting CTCs is difficult because they are rare compared to the millions of blood cells present. To address this challenge, we propose a new method using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) combined with chemical signal amplification through enzyme reactions to detect cell membrane proteins. We tested this method using breast cancer cell lines as models for CTCs and successfully detected human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2 and EGFR) on their membranes using cell-based transistors. Initially, we demonstrated the detection of HER2 through an enzyme reaction using the BT474 breast cancer cell line. Then, we compared EGFR expression among four types of breast cancer cell lines using the cell-based transistors, and the results were consistent with fluorescence detection using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). These cell-based transistors offer advantages in terms of miniaturization and analyzing target molecules on cell and EV membranes in parallel. Their small size and cost-effectiveness for cancer testing could make them a reality in future liquid biopsy methods. In this review, we present our recent advancements in cell-based transistors. We will then explore the future prospects of cell-based transistors in liquid biopsy. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

SLIM is a lightweight block cipher proposed by Aboushosha et al. and it is designed for RFID systems. It features 32-bit block and 80-bit key size. In this paper, we search for impossible differential distinguishers and related-key differential distinguishers on SLIM by applying the constraint programming (CP) model based on satisfiability and the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). Our findings have revealed impossible differential distinguishers up to 7 rounds. We also searched for related-key differential up to 26 rounds and found an 18 rounds path inducing a distinguisher. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 9-round SLIM is vulnerable to impossible differential attack. This attack requires $��2^{30}�$ chosen plaintexts, $��2^{79}�$ encryptions, and $��2^{12}�$ bytes of memory complexity. Although this result does not achieve the best attack on round-reduced SLIM, this is the first finding using impossible differential attack. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Submarine ocean currents can easily cause multi-directional displacement of the coupling mechanism of the wireless charging system of AUVs, leading to a decrease in power supply efficiency and power, and even affecting the normal operation of the system. Therefore, this paper centers on the research and design of anti-offset performance of arc coupling coils suitable for AUVs. By analyzing the spatial magnetic field distribution of arc coils and obtaining the corresponding distribution, and combining the effects of structural parameter changes on the spatial magnetic field distribution, an anti-offset optimization strategy for the single-coil case is proposed. Considering the limited offset performance of the single-coil structure, a new misalignment-compensated arc-coil structure is proposed in the paper based on the magnetic field superposition theorem and the spatial magnetic field distribution of the arc-coil. Compared to a single coil with a horizontal offset of 80 mm, the mutual inductance retention of this coil structure is improved by 19.23%. Finally, this article conducted relevant experiments using the proposed coupling mechanism. The experimental results show that the improved IPT system can achieve the load output voltage fluctuation rate of less than 10% in the range of horizontal offset [−95 mm, 95 mm] and rotational offset [−15°, 15°], in which the optimal efficiency in the case of positive pairing can be up to 94.35%, which verifies that the system has a good performance of anti-offset, and it has an important value in the application of underwater IPT system. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Aiming at the diode-clamped (NPC) structure three-level inverter's inherent DC-side capacitor midpoint voltage offset and the traditional SVPWM algorithm's problem of multiple sector divisions and complex arithmetic, two improved SVPWM algorithms based on asymmetric sectors are proposed in the paper. Algorithm 1 involves a simplified tracking algorithm for the target magnetic chain that hides the center vector; and Algorithm 2 involves an approximate two-level magnetic chain synthesis equivalent simplification algorithm based on the injection of virtual vectors. First, the target magnetic chain synthesis rules and PWM pulse width modulation methods of the two improved algorithms are compared with the traditional three-level SVPWM algorithm to check their simplicity; then, a Simulink simulation platform is constructed to verify the correctness of the improved algorithms' line voltage output waveforms of the inverter under different regulation regimes, the correctness of the phase current waveforms of the loads, and the control of the voltage balance of the midpoint of the capacitor of the DC side of the inverter. Finally, a physical prototype of the vector control system for a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the three-level NPC inverter is built to further verify the correctness of the proposed theory and algorithm. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The impedance analysis method, widely employed in human biology, is now gaining attention in biomedical research for a novel application: analyzing impedance signals during the egg incubation process to predict the gender of chickens within the eggs. In the contemporary landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning play pivotal roles in livestock farming, offering cost-effective and labor-efficient solutions. In this study, 35 Taiwanese chicken eggs were used, comprising 20 male and 15 female eggs. During incubation, the impedance values of four electrodes (Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4) were recorded. A constant voltage signal at 100 mV was applied, alternating between frequencies of 100 kHz and 8 MHz. The findings indicate that the impedance ratio between two pairs of electrodes, Z2 and Z3 compared to Z2 and Z4, on the eleventh day of incubation, reveals differences between male and female eggs within the frequency range of 1–2 MHz. The data set was trained using the Decision Tree approach in conjunction with k-fold cross-validation. The results demonstrate that the model achieved an accuracy of 81.48% in determining the gender of chicken eggs based on their impedance ratio. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Submarine pipeline is the “main artery” of marine oil and gas transportation, which needs to be detected regularly. However, it is difficult for a single detection equipment to comprehensively analyze and identify the state of the pipeline. Multi-beam echo sounder can obtain sonar images with accurate position information, and side-scan sonar system can obtain sonar images with rich texture information, which are complementary to each other. Therefore, in order to accurately fuse these two different sources of seafloor images together, it is necessary to register them. To this end, a new image registration method of multi-beam and side-scan sonar based on phase congruency is proposed in this paper. First, the phase congruency model calculation is carried out in the feature extraction stage to obtain the maximum and minimum moments of phase congruency, and the maximum moment map is combined with Canny edge detection. Then the improved Harris corner detection operator and FAST detection operator are used to detect the edge features and corner features, respectively, to obtain stable edge and corner points as the feature points to be matched. Then in the feature description stage, the maximum index map (MIM) feature descriptor is constructed using the improved spatial structure based on the GLOH descriptor and combined with the SURF feature descriptor to form a hybrid descriptor. Finally, in the feature matching stage, the similarity metric of the descriptors is carried out by a two-stage metric strategy to obtain homonymous point pairs, and the false matches are eliminated by fast sample consensus (FSC) to finally realize the image registration. Experimental results on multiple sets of sonar image data show that the algorithm proposed in this paper exhibits excellent performance in terms of both image matching accuracy and registration precision. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.