P. Randive, Pravin Khambalkar, K. Khandagale, Indira Bhangare, K. Chandrashekhar, Major Singh, Suresh Gawande
Wolbachia is a group of bacteria that is known to infect many arthropods and nematodes. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere. The bacterium is best known for its ability to manipulate host reproductive biology where it can induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization and male-killing. In the present study, onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) were collected from 9 locations in India along with melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) and chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). From the molecular level detection by using 16s rDNA, the Wolbachia infection has been detected in the onion thrips collected from 6 locations out of 9. Melon thrips and chilli thrips samples were also found to be infected by Wolbachia. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all detected Wolbachia samples showed that all were distantly related to the previously known Wolbachia samples.
{"title":"Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Wolbachia in Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman)","authors":"P. Randive, Pravin Khambalkar, K. Khandagale, Indira Bhangare, K. Chandrashekhar, Major Singh, Suresh Gawande","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.963","url":null,"abstract":"Wolbachia is a group of bacteria that is known to infect many arthropods and nematodes. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere. The bacterium is best known for its ability to manipulate host reproductive biology where it can induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization and male-killing. In the present study, onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) were collected from 9 locations in India along with melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) and chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). From the molecular level detection by using 16s rDNA, the Wolbachia infection has been detected in the onion thrips collected from 6 locations out of 9. Melon thrips and chilli thrips samples were also found to be infected by Wolbachia. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all detected Wolbachia samples showed that all were distantly related to the previously known Wolbachia samples.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cost-effective laboratory protocol was perfected for investigating temperature toxicity against whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on tomato. Understanding temperature toxicity relationship will aid in strategization of pest management. The experiments conducted to develop the current protocol used B. tabaci Asia II-1 as test insect. Essentially this protocol consist of three steps which are: (1) Temperature incubation of test insects: includes three hour starvation period and temperature treatment of B. tabaci; (2) Preparatory steps of leaf-dip bioassay: suggests use of agar cube method (reduces agar usage by 70%) to maintain green and turgid test leaves during post-exposure period of bioassay; (3) Release of temperature treated insects and mortality counting: test insect release, securing petri plates, recording observations, etc. all are deliberated in detail. This protocol facilitates economical, convenient and easy-to-handle experimentation to study temperature toxicity relationship in B. tabaci.
{"title":"Protocol for Temperature Toxicity Investigation on Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)","authors":"Nikhil R M, Anil Kumar S T, Subramanian S, M. G K","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1355","url":null,"abstract":"A cost-effective laboratory protocol was perfected for investigating temperature toxicity against whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on tomato. Understanding temperature toxicity relationship will aid in strategization of pest management. The experiments conducted to develop the current protocol used B. tabaci Asia II-1 as test insect. Essentially this protocol consist of three steps which are: (1) Temperature incubation of test insects: includes three hour starvation period and temperature treatment of B. tabaci; (2) Preparatory steps of leaf-dip bioassay: suggests use of agar cube method (reduces agar usage by 70%) to maintain green and turgid test leaves during post-exposure period of bioassay; (3) Release of temperature treated insects and mortality counting: test insect release, securing petri plates, recording observations, etc. all are deliberated in detail. This protocol facilitates economical, convenient and easy-to-handle experimentation to study temperature toxicity relationship in B. tabaci.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramalakshmi V, C. R. Satapathy, S. Borkataki, Soumik Ray
This study aims to explore the susceptibility of wheat varieties in storage against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Twenty promising wheat cultivars were tested for resistance in non-choice conditions at the Department of Entomology, MSSSoA, Odisha during 2021-22. The wheat varieties were premeditated for their physical components through correlation analysis and the level of influence on insect preference and development was determined. The variety DBW303 which had a high median development period, low adult emergence and susceptible index was found to be resistant. Similarly, the variety PBW373 which recorded a low median developmental period with higher adult emergence, and susceptible index, was found to be susceptible. Among the physical traits, varieties with grain hardness exhibited a negative relationship with progeny development and thus conferred resistance.
{"title":"Physical Attributes of Wheat Varities in Relation to Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)","authors":"Ramalakshmi V, C. R. Satapathy, S. Borkataki, Soumik Ray","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1652","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the susceptibility of wheat varieties in storage against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Twenty promising wheat cultivars were tested for resistance in non-choice conditions at the Department of Entomology, MSSSoA, Odisha during 2021-22. The wheat varieties were premeditated for their physical components through correlation analysis and the level of influence on insect preference and development was determined. The variety DBW303 which had a high median development period, low adult emergence and susceptible index was found to be resistant. Similarly, the variety PBW373 which recorded a low median developmental period with higher adult emergence, and susceptible index, was found to be susceptible. Among the physical traits, varieties with grain hardness exhibited a negative relationship with progeny development and thus conferred resistance.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Thube, R. Pandian, C. T. Jose, Bhavishya A, Santhosh Kumar Paichal, O. Navik, Akash Nikoshe, G. Mahapatro
The present investigation focused on the development of a new damage intensity index (DII) for the tea mosquito bug Helopeltis spp. (TMB) infestation in cocoa. The new DII was developed based on observable symptoms and the intensity of damage, such as the number and diameter of feeding lesions, and TMB-infested areas on cocoa pods. Statistical techniques, including linear correlation and regression, have been employed to develop an appropriate DII. The study reveals a significant correlation between the mean of total feeding lesions (Xn) and feeding lesions present on the middle portion (Xm) of cocoa pods, surpassing other combinations and indicating a strong relationship between these variables. The damage intensity was estimated using a linear regression approach resulting equation, Xn = 1.79 + 0.25Mn (R2 = 0.989), offers a quantified means of estimating damage intensity on cocoa pods. Analysis of infestation and the regression equation establishes DII values between 1.79 to 76.79. This novel index suggests that the minimum sample size of 90 pods is required for estimating a population with a 95% confidence level to arrive at precision decision making of TMB damage on cocoa pods. The novel damage intensity index and the calculated sample size from this investigation could be useful in conducting various studies, such as germplasm screening, breeding for pest resistance, evaluating the effectiveness of new insecticides, and formulating an IPM package for managing Helopeltis spp. in cocoa.
{"title":"A Novel Damage Intensity Index for Tea Mosquito Bug Helopeltis spp. Infestation in Cocoa","authors":"S. Thube, R. Pandian, C. T. Jose, Bhavishya A, Santhosh Kumar Paichal, O. Navik, Akash Nikoshe, G. Mahapatro","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1555","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation focused on the development of a new damage intensity index (DII) for the tea mosquito bug Helopeltis spp. (TMB) infestation in cocoa. The new DII was developed based on observable symptoms and the intensity of damage, such as the number and diameter of feeding lesions, and TMB-infested areas on cocoa pods. Statistical techniques, including linear correlation and regression, have been employed to develop an appropriate DII. The study reveals a significant correlation between the mean of total feeding lesions (Xn) and feeding lesions present on the middle portion (Xm) of cocoa pods, surpassing other combinations and indicating a strong relationship between these variables. The damage intensity was estimated using a linear regression approach resulting equation, Xn = 1.79 + 0.25Mn (R2 = 0.989), offers a quantified means of estimating damage intensity on cocoa pods. Analysis of infestation and the regression equation establishes DII values between 1.79 to 76.79. This novel index suggests that the minimum sample size of 90 pods is required for estimating a population with a 95% confidence level to arrive at precision decision making of TMB damage on cocoa pods. The novel damage intensity index and the calculated sample size from this investigation could be useful in conducting various studies, such as germplasm screening, breeding for pest resistance, evaluating the effectiveness of new insecticides, and formulating an IPM package for managing Helopeltis spp. in cocoa.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sowmya M, B. O. S., K. Subaharan, Vinay Kumar T M, Soundarya Y M, V. R., Navik O, Amala U, Sushil S N
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on factious host rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an egg parasitoid on lepidopteran pests. The essential oils, viz., ajowan Trachyspermum ammi, betel Piper betle, and sweet basil Ocimum basilicum and neem oil were assessed for their toxicity and biological traits like parasitism and emergence on T. chilonis. Among the EOs tested, T. ammi caused highest toxicity to T. chilonis (LC50 0.316 ppm) followed by P. betle (LC50 0.567 ppm). At sublethal dose, they had an impact on parasitism and adult emergence of T. chilonis. Whilst O. basilicum and neem oil were relatively safe at sublethal doses to T. chilonis. This study highlights the need to maintain a waiting period before the release of T. chilonis in EOs treated substrates.
寄生在事实性寄主米蛾 Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) （鳞翅目：俾拉尔科）上的 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii（膜翅目：Trichogrammatidae）是鳞翅目害虫的卵寄生虫。本研究评估了矢车菊、蒌蒿、甜罗勒和印楝油等精油对鳞翅目害虫的毒性和生物特性，如寄生性和萌发性。在测试的环氧乙烷中，安米对褐飞虱的毒性最高（LC50 0.316 ppm），其次是槟榔（LC50 0.567 ppm）。在亚致死剂量下，它们会影响 T. chilonis 的寄生和成虫出现。而罗勒草和印楝油在亚致死剂量下对 T. chilonis 相对安全。这项研究强调，在释放经环氧乙烷处理过的基质中的褐飞虱之前，需要保持一段等待期。
{"title":"Impact of Essential Oils on Biological Traits of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii","authors":"Sowmya M, B. O. S., K. Subaharan, Vinay Kumar T M, Soundarya Y M, V. R., Navik O, Amala U, Sushil S N","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1521","url":null,"abstract":"Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on factious host rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an egg parasitoid on lepidopteran pests. The essential oils, viz., ajowan Trachyspermum ammi, betel Piper betle, and sweet basil Ocimum basilicum and neem oil were assessed for their toxicity and biological traits like parasitism and emergence on T. chilonis. Among the EOs tested, T. ammi caused highest toxicity to T. chilonis (LC50 0.316 ppm) followed by P. betle (LC50 0.567 ppm). At sublethal dose, they had an impact on parasitism and adult emergence of T. chilonis. Whilst O. basilicum and neem oil were relatively safe at sublethal doses to T. chilonis. This study highlights the need to maintain a waiting period before the release of T. chilonis in EOs treated substrates.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Balaji, J. Jayaraj, M. Shanthi, S. Vellaikumar, C. Rajamanickam, N. Chitra, K. Suresh
Stingless bees also referred to as meliponine bees and morphological characteristics of these differ depending on are the species and environmental kinds. The current study explores morphology and morphometrics of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in Tamil Nadu, India. The morphometrics of worker bees were compared over locations. The bees captured in the Kolli hills were significantly larger than those collected elsewhere. The mean value of head length (HL) (1.43 mm), head width (HW) (1.68 mm), antennal length (AL) (1.98 mm), hind leg length (HLL) (3.54 mm) and forewing length (FL) (3.84 mm) were recorded. The results revealed variance of four principal components (PC) reaching 82.4%, as (PC1) 38.58%, (PC2) 20.95%, (PC 3) 19.75% and (PC4) 8.10%. The characters of FL, HW, FW (forewing width), HLL, AL, OOD (ocello ocular distance), HTW (hind tibial width) and HL were the most discriminative in the principal component analysis.
{"title":"Morphometrics of Intraspecific Populations of Stingless Bee Tetragonula iridipennis Smith from Southern Tamil Nadu","authors":"K. Balaji, J. Jayaraj, M. Shanthi, S. Vellaikumar, C. Rajamanickam, N. Chitra, K. Suresh","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1651","url":null,"abstract":"Stingless bees also referred to as meliponine bees and morphological characteristics of these differ depending on are the species and environmental kinds. The current study explores morphology and morphometrics of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in Tamil Nadu, India. The morphometrics of worker bees were compared over locations. The bees captured in the Kolli hills were significantly larger than those collected elsewhere. The mean value of head length (HL) (1.43 mm), head width (HW) (1.68 mm), antennal length (AL) (1.98 mm), hind leg length (HLL) (3.54 mm) and forewing length (FL) (3.84 mm) were recorded. The results revealed variance of four principal components (PC) reaching 82.4%, as (PC1) 38.58%, (PC2) 20.95%, (PC 3) 19.75% and (PC4) 8.10%. The characters of FL, HW, FW (forewing width), HLL, AL, OOD (ocello ocular distance), HTW (hind tibial width) and HL were the most discriminative in the principal component analysis.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wahsh, Samir S. Awadalla, H. El-Serafi, Magdy A. El-Hariry
Experiments were conducted in Fayoum Governorate, to study the effect of potassium (K) fertilization on the incidence of Aphis gossypii (Glover), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Nezara viridula (L), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Empoasca decedens (Paoli), and Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) in cucumber during March planting season of 2018 and 2019. Three levels of potassium (25, 50 and 75 kg/ feddan) were used with a fertilizer containing 24% K2O. The control had no potassium (0 kg). The incidence rates of all the pests was observed to be maximum with nil potassium (0 kg) fields (30.8% and 30.6%). The least incidence was observed with 75 kg potassium (19.3% and 19.1%) indicating that increased potassium reduced incidence of some sucking pests.
{"title":"Influence of Potassium Fertilization on the Incidence of Sucking Insect Pests on Cucumber","authors":"A. Wahsh, Samir S. Awadalla, H. El-Serafi, Magdy A. El-Hariry","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1419","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted in Fayoum Governorate, to study the effect of potassium (K) fertilization on the incidence of Aphis gossypii (Glover), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Nezara viridula (L), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Empoasca decedens (Paoli), and Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) in cucumber during March planting season of 2018 and 2019. Three levels of potassium (25, 50 and 75 kg/ feddan) were used with a fertilizer containing 24% K2O. The control had no potassium (0 kg). The incidence rates of all the pests was observed to be maximum with nil potassium (0 kg) fields (30.8% and 30.6%). The least incidence was observed with 75 kg potassium (19.3% and 19.1%) indicating that increased potassium reduced incidence of some sucking pests.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spraying with insecticides is generally carried out for the management of fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) in maize. As the pest causes significant damage in the vegetative stages, seed treatment can also be an option. In the present study, seed treatment has been evaluated for its efficacy in comparison with spray in maize. The results suggested that chlorantraniliprole 62.5FS was more effective than presently used seed treatment with cyantraniliprole. In case of foliar spray, spinetoram 11.7SC along with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC and emamectin benzoate 5SG were found effective. As seed treatment is easy to practice and economical, seed treatment with diamides, particularly chlorantraniliprole 62.5FS might provide a better alternative to foliar sprays during early crop stage. Hence, an integrated strategy involving seed treatment in combination with need-based foliar spray at later crop stages may make management of S. frugiperda more efficient.
{"title":"Seed Treatment with Insecticides- A Potential Option against Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize","authors":"Rakesh Kumar Behera, Murali Mohan K, P. Ganiger","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1329","url":null,"abstract":"Spraying with insecticides is generally carried out for the management of fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) in maize. As the pest causes significant damage in the vegetative stages, seed treatment can also be an option. In the present study, seed treatment has been evaluated for its efficacy in comparison with spray in maize. The results suggested that chlorantraniliprole 62.5FS was more effective than presently used seed treatment with cyantraniliprole. In case of foliar spray, spinetoram 11.7SC along with chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC and emamectin benzoate 5SG were found effective. As seed treatment is easy to practice and economical, seed treatment with diamides, particularly chlorantraniliprole 62.5FS might provide a better alternative to foliar sprays during early crop stage. Hence, an integrated strategy involving seed treatment in combination with need-based foliar spray at later crop stages may make management of S. frugiperda more efficient.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gagan B. S., B. Ramesha, K. M. Sreekumar, A. S. S., Manju Mary Paul
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of microbial agents, and neem based and biorational insecticides against major lepidopteran pests of okra, viz., shoot and fruit borer Earias vitella (F) and leaf roller Haritalodes derogata (F) during summer and kharif 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. Results indicated that spinosad 45SC was the most effective with highest marketable yield. Thus, spinosad 45SC can be used for the effective management of E. vitella and H. derogate in okra.
{"title":"Biorational Management of Major Chewing Pests of Okra","authors":"Gagan B. S., B. Ramesha, K. M. Sreekumar, A. S. S., Manju Mary Paul","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of microbial agents, and neem based and biorational insecticides against major lepidopteran pests of okra, viz., shoot and fruit borer Earias vitella (F) and leaf roller Haritalodes derogata (F) during summer and kharif 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications. Results indicated that spinosad 45SC was the most effective with highest marketable yield. Thus, spinosad 45SC can be used for the effective management of E. vitella and H. derogate in okra.","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Balaji, J. Jayaraj, M. Shanthi, S. Vellaikumar, C. Rajamanickam, N. Chitra, K. Suresh
An experiment was conducted out to investigate the pollinator diversity and pollination efficiency of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). In this study, there were 16 floral visitor species were recorded. Among them, six species were the most frequent visitors. A highest mean of visits was recorded with Halictus sp. (7.80) during 1000-1200 hrs in relative abundance and the lowest was of Megachile sp. (2.90) at 1600-1800 hrs. The foraging rate of stingless bees was most active in morning 1000-1200 hrs. The maximum fruit set was observed in pollinator-imposed fields (80.23 %) compared to pollinator excluded fields (71.15 %). Prominent increase in fruit length and girth in the pollinator included plots were respectively observed to be 249.19 and 42.91 mm. Maximum number of fruit/ individual plant (24.10) was achieved with bee pollination as compared to control (21.20).
{"title":"Pollinator Diversity and Pollination Efficiency of Stingless Bee Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in Bitter Gourd","authors":"K. Balaji, J. Jayaraj, M. Shanthi, S. Vellaikumar, C. Rajamanickam, N. Chitra, K. Suresh","doi":"10.55446/ije.2023.1650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2023.1650","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted out to investigate the pollinator diversity and pollination efficiency of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). In this study, there were 16 floral visitor species were recorded. Among them, six species were the most frequent visitors. A highest mean of visits was recorded with Halictus sp. (7.80) during 1000-1200 hrs in relative abundance and the lowest was of Megachile sp. (2.90) at 1600-1800 hrs. The foraging rate of stingless bees was most active in morning 1000-1200 hrs. The maximum fruit set was observed in pollinator-imposed fields (80.23 %) compared to pollinator excluded fields (71.15 %). Prominent increase in fruit length and girth in the pollinator included plots were respectively observed to be 249.19 and 42.91 mm. Maximum number of fruit/ individual plant (24.10) was achieved with bee pollination as compared to control (21.20).","PeriodicalId":13463,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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