Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/02537176241244775
Anish V. Cherian, Gregory Armstrong, H. Sobhana, Tilahun Haregu, Sonia P. Deuri, Shrinivasa U. Bhat, Agnieta Aiman, Vikas Menon, Anil V. Cherian, Yamini Kannappan, Tinu Thamby, Soyuz John, V. A. Pavithra, Sonali S. Tesia, Sujit Gosh, Shukhdeba S. Hanjabam, John Gaingamlung Gangmei, Manisha Kiran, Veronica Nriame, R. M. Ravindra
Background:The prevalence of mental health issues among youth is significantly high globally. This article presents findings from a survey that examined psychological distress, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and health and social indicators among college students in India.Methods:The study recruited 8,542 students from 30 universities spanning nine Indian states, utilizing a questionnaire that included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) to measure depression and anxiety symptoms. It also examined the prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, and other health and social factors.Results:Findings indicate that 18.8% and 12.4% of students had considered suicide over their lifetime and in the past year, respectively, with 6.7% having attempted it at some point in their lives. Among those with lifetime suicidal thoughts, more than one-third (38.1%) reported having previously disclosed these thoughts to someone, with friends being the most common confidants. Furthermore, one-third (33.6%) of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression, and one-quarter (23.2%) reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety.Conclusions:The study revealed a significant prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as suicidal thoughts and attempts among college students in India. The study underscores the critical need for interventions aimed at improving mental health and supporting this demographic.
{"title":"Mental Health, Suicidality, Health, and Social Indicators Among College Students Across Nine States in India","authors":"Anish V. Cherian, Gregory Armstrong, H. Sobhana, Tilahun Haregu, Sonia P. Deuri, Shrinivasa U. Bhat, Agnieta Aiman, Vikas Menon, Anil V. Cherian, Yamini Kannappan, Tinu Thamby, Soyuz John, V. A. Pavithra, Sonali S. Tesia, Sujit Gosh, Shukhdeba S. Hanjabam, John Gaingamlung Gangmei, Manisha Kiran, Veronica Nriame, R. M. Ravindra","doi":"10.1177/02537176241244775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241244775","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The prevalence of mental health issues among youth is significantly high globally. This article presents findings from a survey that examined psychological distress, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and health and social indicators among college students in India.Methods:The study recruited 8,542 students from 30 universities spanning nine Indian states, utilizing a questionnaire that included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) to measure depression and anxiety symptoms. It also examined the prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, and other health and social factors.Results:Findings indicate that 18.8% and 12.4% of students had considered suicide over their lifetime and in the past year, respectively, with 6.7% having attempted it at some point in their lives. Among those with lifetime suicidal thoughts, more than one-third (38.1%) reported having previously disclosed these thoughts to someone, with friends being the most common confidants. Furthermore, one-third (33.6%) of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression, and one-quarter (23.2%) reported moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety.Conclusions:The study revealed a significant prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as suicidal thoughts and attempts among college students in India. The study underscores the critical need for interventions aimed at improving mental health and supporting this demographic.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/02537176241245330
Mahashweta Bhattacharya, Himani Kashyap, Srinivas Balachander, Y. C. Janardhan Reddy
Background:Brief self-report measures of cognition are advantageous for flagging significant cognitive dysfunction without extensive neuropsychological assessments. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) is a recently developed self-report that assesses everyday cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for example, difficulties with reading, slowness, and decision-making. This study was undertaken to validate the CAIOC-13 in an Indian sample of OCD.Material and Methods:75 subjects with OCD and 81 non-clinical controls completed CAIOC-13, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Short Form (DAS-SF1). Convergent and divergent validity with PDQ and DAS-SF1 were established with Pearson’s correlation; the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze discriminant validity; and factorial structure was evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA).Results:CAIOC-13 scores showed a strong significant correlation ( r = 0.56; p < .001) with PDQ and a moderate correlation with DAS-SF1 scores ( r = 0.33; p = .003). CAIOC-13 could accurately discriminate between OCD and controls (area under curve = 0.92). PCA revealed strong loading on a single component.Conclusion:CAIOC-13 is a valid tool for briefly assessing OCD-related cognitive dysfunction in Indian samples. Future studies may examine the correlation of CAIOC-13 with standardized neuropsychological assessments.
背景：简短的认知自我报告测量有利于在不进行大量神经心理学评估的情况下发现明显的认知功能障碍。强迫症认知评估工具（CAIOC-13）是最近开发的一种自我报告工具，用于评估强迫症（OCD）患者的日常认知功能障碍，例如阅读困难、反应迟钝和决策困难。材料与方法：75 名强迫症受试者和 81 名非临床对照者填写了 CAIOC-13、感知缺陷问卷（PDQ）和功能障碍态度量表-简表（DAS-SF1）。结果：CAIOC-13的得分与PDQ呈强相关（r = 0.56; p <.001），与DAS-SF1得分呈中度相关（r = 0.33; p = .003）。CAIOC-13 能准确区分强迫症和对照组（曲线下面积 = 0.92）。结论：CAIOC-13 是简要评估印度样本中强迫症相关认知功能障碍的有效工具。未来的研究可能会检验 CAIOC-13 与标准化神经心理学评估的相关性。
{"title":"Validation of the Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) in an Indian Sample","authors":"Mahashweta Bhattacharya, Himani Kashyap, Srinivas Balachander, Y. C. Janardhan Reddy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241245330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241245330","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Brief self-report measures of cognition are advantageous for flagging significant cognitive dysfunction without extensive neuropsychological assessments. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) is a recently developed self-report that assesses everyday cognitive dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for example, difficulties with reading, slowness, and decision-making. This study was undertaken to validate the CAIOC-13 in an Indian sample of OCD.Material and Methods:75 subjects with OCD and 81 non-clinical controls completed CAIOC-13, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Short Form (DAS-SF1). Convergent and divergent validity with PDQ and DAS-SF1 were established with Pearson’s correlation; the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze discriminant validity; and factorial structure was evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA).Results:CAIOC-13 scores showed a strong significant correlation ( r = 0.56; p < .001) with PDQ and a moderate correlation with DAS-SF1 scores ( r = 0.33; p = .003). CAIOC-13 could accurately discriminate between OCD and controls (area under curve = 0.92). PCA revealed strong loading on a single component.Conclusion:CAIOC-13 is a valid tool for briefly assessing OCD-related cognitive dysfunction in Indian samples. Future studies may examine the correlation of CAIOC-13 with standardized neuropsychological assessments.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/02537176241245083
Sneha B. Suresh, Anil V. Rane
Background:Detoxification stands as a crucial phase in the treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), yet only limited data is available on the outcomes of home-based detoxification. Assisted domiciliary detoxification involves monitoring an individual’s withdrawal progress, while offering psychosocial support and detoxification services in the comfort of their home.Aim:To study outcomes of assisted over routine domiciliary alcohol detoxification in randomized controlled trials.Methodology:100 consenting male patients who were advised of domiciliary detoxification were randomized into intervention ( n = 49) and control ( n = 51) groups. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and drinking-related variables. Both groups received routine care for alcohol withdrawal from respective treating doctors. Additionally, the intervention group received two sessions of brief intervention for alcohol and daily phone call assistance. Records were kept for adverse events. Phone calls were discontinued once detoxification was completed. Outcomes were measured for successful completion of detoxification and abstention from alcohol at the end of one month.Results:The intervention group had significantly higher successful detoxification rates (85.7% vs. 62.7%, p = .008) and significantly higher abstinence days at the end of one month compared to the control group (22 vs. 10 days, p < .001) with an effect size of 1.2 (confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.53).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that receiving assistance in the acute phase of domiciliary detoxification helps in a successful detoxification and achieving a significant level of abstinence at the end of one month compared to the control group.
背景：戒毒是治疗酒精使用障碍（AUD）的关键阶段，但有关家庭戒毒效果的数据却十分有限。目的：在随机对照试验中研究辅助家庭戒酒比常规家庭戒酒的效果。方法：将100名同意接受家庭戒酒的男性患者随机分为干预组（49人）和对照组（51人）。采用预先设计的半结构式问卷评估社会人口学和饮酒相关变量。两组均接受各自主治医生提供的戒酒常规护理。此外，干预组还接受了两次简短的戒酒干预和每天的电话协助。对不良事件进行记录。戒毒完成后，电话援助即停止。结果：与对照组相比，干预组的戒毒成功率明显更高（85.7% vs. 62.7%，p = .008），一个月后的戒酒天数也明显增加（22 vs. 10 天，p = .008）。结论：本研究表明，与对照组相比，在家庭戒毒的急性期接受援助有助于成功戒毒，并在一个月后达到明显的戒断水平。
{"title":"Assisted Versus Unassisted Domiciliary Alcohol Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Sneha B. Suresh, Anil V. Rane","doi":"10.1177/02537176241245083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241245083","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Detoxification stands as a crucial phase in the treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), yet only limited data is available on the outcomes of home-based detoxification. Assisted domiciliary detoxification involves monitoring an individual’s withdrawal progress, while offering psychosocial support and detoxification services in the comfort of their home.Aim:To study outcomes of assisted over routine domiciliary alcohol detoxification in randomized controlled trials.Methodology:100 consenting male patients who were advised of domiciliary detoxification were randomized into intervention ( n = 49) and control ( n = 51) groups. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and drinking-related variables. Both groups received routine care for alcohol withdrawal from respective treating doctors. Additionally, the intervention group received two sessions of brief intervention for alcohol and daily phone call assistance. Records were kept for adverse events. Phone calls were discontinued once detoxification was completed. Outcomes were measured for successful completion of detoxification and abstention from alcohol at the end of one month.Results:The intervention group had significantly higher successful detoxification rates (85.7% vs. 62.7%, p = .008) and significantly higher abstinence days at the end of one month compared to the control group (22 vs. 10 days, p < .001) with an effect size of 1.2 (confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.53).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that receiving assistance in the acute phase of domiciliary detoxification helps in a successful detoxification and achieving a significant level of abstinence at the end of one month compared to the control group.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/02537176241247389
Ayushi Gaur, Shivali Sharma, Shweta Singh
Psychotherapeutic developments in the management of anxiety disorders are evolving, with notable evidence in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Third-wave therapies significantly contribute to the reduction in psychopathological symptoms and, thus, provide a positive turning point in the socio-occupational spectrum of the patient. One such third-wave approach is meta-cognitive therapy (MCT), which addresses cognitive attention syndrome (CAS) and directly prohibits ritualistic behavior, thereby decreasing the burden of symptoms. In India, it seems there is a dearth of literature exploring the effectiveness of MCT. The present case report provides a detailed insight into the psychotherapeutic treatment using MCT, in which 10 sessions were provided to an OCD patient along with pharmacotherapy. The treatment shows a noteworthy improvement in thought fusion, obsessional beliefs, meta-cognitive beliefs, and psychopathology. The symptoms gradually waned during the three- and six-month follow-up baseline period. Therefore, the case report demonstrates the effectiveness of combined medication and MCT in treating OCD. Additionally, it shows the potency of MCT in prolonged improvements in cognitive flexibility and inflated feelings of responsibility and perfection.
{"title":"Meta-cognitive Therapy in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"Ayushi Gaur, Shivali Sharma, Shweta Singh","doi":"10.1177/02537176241247389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241247389","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotherapeutic developments in the management of anxiety disorders are evolving, with notable evidence in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Third-wave therapies significantly contribute to the reduction in psychopathological symptoms and, thus, provide a positive turning point in the socio-occupational spectrum of the patient. One such third-wave approach is meta-cognitive therapy (MCT), which addresses cognitive attention syndrome (CAS) and directly prohibits ritualistic behavior, thereby decreasing the burden of symptoms. In India, it seems there is a dearth of literature exploring the effectiveness of MCT. The present case report provides a detailed insight into the psychotherapeutic treatment using MCT, in which 10 sessions were provided to an OCD patient along with pharmacotherapy. The treatment shows a noteworthy improvement in thought fusion, obsessional beliefs, meta-cognitive beliefs, and psychopathology. The symptoms gradually waned during the three- and six-month follow-up baseline period. Therefore, the case report demonstrates the effectiveness of combined medication and MCT in treating OCD. Additionally, it shows the potency of MCT in prolonged improvements in cognitive flexibility and inflated feelings of responsibility and perfection.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/02537176241247934
Sujita Kumar Kar, Teena Bansal, Sumit Modi, Amit Singh
Background:Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced academic writing. We aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the free versions of popular AI-detection software programs in detecting AI-generated text.Methods:We searched for AI-content-detection software on Google and selected the first 10 free versions that allowed a minimum of 500 words for text analysis. Then, we gave ChatGPT 3.5 version a command to generate a scientific article on the “Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Treatment-resistant Depression” under 500 words. After generating the primary text, we rephrased it using three different software tools. We then used AI-detection software to analyse the original and paraphrase texts.Results:10 AI-detector tools were tested on their ability to detect AI-generated text. The sensitivity ranged from 0% to 100%. 5 out of 10 tools detected AI-generated content with 100% accuracy. For paraphrased texts, Sapling and Undetectable AI detected all three software-generated contents with 100% accuracy. Meanwhile, Copyleaks, QuillBot, and Wordtune identified content generated by two software programs with 100% accuracy.Conclusion:The integration of AI technology in academic writing is becoming more prevalent. Nonetheless, relying solely on AI-generated content can diminish the author’s credibility, leading most academic journals to suggest limiting its use. AI-content-detection software programs have been developed to detect AI-generated or AI-assisted texts. Currently, some of the platforms are equally sensitive. However, future upgrades may enhance their ability to detect AI-generated text more accurately.
{"title":"How Sensitive Are the Free AI-detector Tools in Detecting AI-generated Texts? A Comparison of Popular AI-detector Tools","authors":"Sujita Kumar Kar, Teena Bansal, Sumit Modi, Amit Singh","doi":"10.1177/02537176241247934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241247934","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced academic writing. We aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the free versions of popular AI-detection software programs in detecting AI-generated text.Methods:We searched for AI-content-detection software on Google and selected the first 10 free versions that allowed a minimum of 500 words for text analysis. Then, we gave ChatGPT 3.5 version a command to generate a scientific article on the “Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Treatment-resistant Depression” under 500 words. After generating the primary text, we rephrased it using three different software tools. We then used AI-detection software to analyse the original and paraphrase texts.Results:10 AI-detector tools were tested on their ability to detect AI-generated text. The sensitivity ranged from 0% to 100%. 5 out of 10 tools detected AI-generated content with 100% accuracy. For paraphrased texts, Sapling and Undetectable AI detected all three software-generated contents with 100% accuracy. Meanwhile, Copyleaks, QuillBot, and Wordtune identified content generated by two software programs with 100% accuracy.Conclusion:The integration of AI technology in academic writing is becoming more prevalent. Nonetheless, relying solely on AI-generated content can diminish the author’s credibility, leading most academic journals to suggest limiting its use. AI-content-detection software programs have been developed to detect AI-generated or AI-assisted texts. Currently, some of the platforms are equally sensitive. However, future upgrades may enhance their ability to detect AI-generated text more accurately.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140935002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1177/02537176241247390
Rebecca Suganthi Davidar, Divya Ballal
{"title":"Clinical Observations of Online EMDR: The Imperative for Research on Bilateral Stimulation Techniques","authors":"Rebecca Suganthi Davidar, Divya Ballal","doi":"10.1177/02537176241247390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241247390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Psychiatric morbidities often go unnoticed in medically ill patients. It is essential to screen patients with medical morbidity so that they can be referred to psychiatrists for early interventions in general hospitals in India. There is a potential lacuna in terms of the availability of a scale that can aptly identify psychiatric symptoms in medically ill patients beyond depression or anxiety, especially in low-resource settings like India.Aim:The aim was to detect psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in India.Methodology:Items were generated using deductive and inductive approaches. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) were computed by involving eight subject matter specialists. The tool was circulated to 397 medically ill patients for computing The exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Domain-wise reliability using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for six factors. The concurrent criterion validity of the Hospital Mental Health Screen (HMHS) tool was calculated by the receiver operating curve (ROC) against the gold standard of any psychiatric morbidity diagnosed by two psychiatrists in 397 medically ill patients. We used IBM SPSS version 23.Results:Initially, 34 items were generated. At the I-CVI threshold of 79%, seven items were discarded. The S-CVI/UA of the scale was 85.1%. The Kaiser–Meier–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO MSA) was found to be 0.916. At a factor loading threshold of 0.4 and an eigenvalue above 1, a six-factor structure was extracted using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Domain-wise reliability was computed, which was between 0.657 and 0.840. The final tool consisted of 27 Likert items (0 = never to 4 = always). Using the ROC curve at the 19.5 threshold, 91.4% of the positive outcomes were correctly classified and 9.5% of the adverse outcomes were expected to be incorrectly identified by the HMHS screening tool.Conclusion:HMHS is a valid and reliable tool with good screening properties, designed especially for the Indian setting. This scale can assist in identifying psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in low-resource settings. There is further scope for performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to reinforce the factor structure of HMHS.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Hospital Mental Health Screen to Detect Psychiatric Morbidity in Medically Ill Patients in India","authors":"Roshan Sutar, Anuja Lahiri, Rashida Ali, Vindhya Solanki, Anindo Majumdar, Manoj Sharma, Santosh Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1177/02537176241248061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241248061","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Psychiatric morbidities often go unnoticed in medically ill patients. It is essential to screen patients with medical morbidity so that they can be referred to psychiatrists for early interventions in general hospitals in India. There is a potential lacuna in terms of the availability of a scale that can aptly identify psychiatric symptoms in medically ill patients beyond depression or anxiety, especially in low-resource settings like India.Aim:The aim was to detect psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in India.Methodology:Items were generated using deductive and inductive approaches. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) were computed by involving eight subject matter specialists. The tool was circulated to 397 medically ill patients for computing The exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Domain-wise reliability using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for six factors. The concurrent criterion validity of the Hospital Mental Health Screen (HMHS) tool was calculated by the receiver operating curve (ROC) against the gold standard of any psychiatric morbidity diagnosed by two psychiatrists in 397 medically ill patients. We used IBM SPSS version 23.Results:Initially, 34 items were generated. At the I-CVI threshold of 79%, seven items were discarded. The S-CVI/UA of the scale was 85.1%. The Kaiser–Meier–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO MSA) was found to be 0.916. At a factor loading threshold of 0.4 and an eigenvalue above 1, a six-factor structure was extracted using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Domain-wise reliability was computed, which was between 0.657 and 0.840. The final tool consisted of 27 Likert items (0 = never to 4 = always). Using the ROC curve at the 19.5 threshold, 91.4% of the positive outcomes were correctly classified and 9.5% of the adverse outcomes were expected to be incorrectly identified by the HMHS screening tool.Conclusion:HMHS is a valid and reliable tool with good screening properties, designed especially for the Indian setting. This scale can assist in identifying psychiatric morbidity in medically ill patients in low-resource settings. There is further scope for performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to reinforce the factor structure of HMHS.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1177/02537176231166144
Gayatri Bhatia, Sahil Gupta
{"title":"Drug Use and Road Traffic Injuries- Shots in the Dark.","authors":"Gayatri Bhatia, Sahil Gupta","doi":"10.1177/02537176231166144","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176231166144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43920224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1177/02537176231181512
Debanjan Bhattacharjee, Avik Chakraborty
{"title":"A Case Series of Memantine-responsive Catatonia Secondary to Stroke and Hyponatremia.","authors":"Debanjan Bhattacharjee, Avik Chakraborty","doi":"10.1177/02537176231181512","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176231181512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Depression is a common mental health disorder with a wide treatment gap despite the availability of a number of effective treatment options. Blended interventions adopt a novel approach in combining internet-based self-help with brief face-to-face sessions thereby combining the advantages of both approaches and offering scope to address the treatment gap. The present study examined the effectiveness of a blended intervention combining the use of guided internet-based self-help with four to six face-to-face sessions in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.Method:A single group, open-label design was adopted with baseline, postintervention, and three-month follow-up assessments. The sample comprised 60 individuals with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or recurrent depressive disorder of mild or moderate severity meeting eligibility criteria. Standardized measures (self-report and clinician-rated) were used to examine the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing depression, improving functioning, self-esteem, and psychological recovery. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and follow-up assessments.Results:Significant improvements were noted from baseline to post-assessment for both completers’ and intent-to-treat samples, with medium to large effect size on most outcome measures and maintenance of gains at follow-up. Eighty-five percent of the completers showed clinically significant improvement. Subgroups of blended intervention participants with and without pharmacotherapy showed similar outcomes. Completers were higher on interest in learning self-help skills and on the Growth subscale of psychological recovery, compared to the dropouts at baseline.Conclusion:The blended intervention demonstrated effectiveness in reducing depression and improving self-esteem, and functional and psychological recovery.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Blended Internet-based Self-help and Face-to-face Intervention for Depression: A Pilot Study from India","authors":"Sindhuja Sudarshan, Seema Mehrotra, Jagadisha Thirthalli","doi":"10.1177/02537176241238289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241238289","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Depression is a common mental health disorder with a wide treatment gap despite the availability of a number of effective treatment options. Blended interventions adopt a novel approach in combining internet-based self-help with brief face-to-face sessions thereby combining the advantages of both approaches and offering scope to address the treatment gap. The present study examined the effectiveness of a blended intervention combining the use of guided internet-based self-help with four to six face-to-face sessions in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.Method:A single group, open-label design was adopted with baseline, postintervention, and three-month follow-up assessments. The sample comprised 60 individuals with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or recurrent depressive disorder of mild or moderate severity meeting eligibility criteria. Standardized measures (self-report and clinician-rated) were used to examine the effectiveness of the intervention in reducing depression, improving functioning, self-esteem, and psychological recovery. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and follow-up assessments.Results:Significant improvements were noted from baseline to post-assessment for both completers’ and intent-to-treat samples, with medium to large effect size on most outcome measures and maintenance of gains at follow-up. Eighty-five percent of the completers showed clinically significant improvement. Subgroups of blended intervention participants with and without pharmacotherapy showed similar outcomes. Completers were higher on interest in learning self-help skills and on the Growth subscale of psychological recovery, compared to the dropouts at baseline.Conclusion:The blended intervention demonstrated effectiveness in reducing depression and improving self-esteem, and functional and psychological recovery.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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