Background:Undergraduate (UG) medical students are one of the stakeholders and ultimate beneficiaries of the competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum introduced in 2019 by the National Medical Commission (NMC). There is a dearth of literature on student perspectives on CBME Psychiatry clinical posting in India.Methods:Second professional students who attended the psychiatry clinical posting were invited to participate in the qualitative study. They were asked to give perspectives about the training during clinical posting based on a semi-structured questionnaire.Results:Written feedback forms were obtained from 44 students. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed the perceived impact of posting (change in knowledge, skills, and attitude), barriers to learning (student factors, patient factors, interaction factors, structural factors), and feedback on training during clinical posting (structural factors, practice over theory).Conclusion:UG students perceived improvement in their knowledge, attitude, and clinical skills during their posting in Psychiatry. They reported several barriers to learning at variouslevels. Their feedback to improve the posting focused on demonstrating skills using patients rather than theory classes.
{"title":"Students’ Perspectives of Competency-based Medical Education in Undergraduate Psychiatry Clinical Training: A Qualitative Evaluation","authors":"Bhuvaneshwari Sethuraman, Uttara Chari, Shalini Perugu, Luke Joshua Salazar, Priya Sreedaran","doi":"10.1177/02537176241265484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241265484","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Undergraduate (UG) medical students are one of the stakeholders and ultimate beneficiaries of the competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum introduced in 2019 by the National Medical Commission (NMC). There is a dearth of literature on student perspectives on CBME Psychiatry clinical posting in India.Methods:Second professional students who attended the psychiatry clinical posting were invited to participate in the qualitative study. They were asked to give perspectives about the training during clinical posting based on a semi-structured questionnaire.Results:Written feedback forms were obtained from 44 students. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed the perceived impact of posting (change in knowledge, skills, and attitude), barriers to learning (student factors, patient factors, interaction factors, structural factors), and feedback on training during clinical posting (structural factors, practice over theory).Conclusion:UG students perceived improvement in their knowledge, attitude, and clinical skills during their posting in Psychiatry. They reported several barriers to learning at variouslevels. Their feedback to improve the posting focused on demonstrating skills using patients rather than theory classes.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-04DOI: 10.1177/02537176241266882
Shreyashi Jha, Mona Tiwari
{"title":"Reply to: “Comments on Published Articles: Reversal of Abulia with Atomoxetine in Unilateral Basal Ganglia Infarct: A Case Report”","authors":"Shreyashi Jha, Mona Tiwari","doi":"10.1177/02537176241266882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241266882","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:The number of times a publication is cited in scientific research papers is often considered to estimate its contribution to biomedical literature. Although extensive research has been conducted on panic disorder over time, attempts at a citation analysis have yet to be made to the best of our knowledge.Aim:The aim of this study was to understand the trends of research on panic disorder from the top 100 most-cited publications worldwide.Materials and Methods:A citation analysis of the top 100 panic disorder publications was conducted, using Harzing’s Publish or Perish to identify articles from Google Scholar. The study analyzed citation patterns, authorship, publication types, and themes. Exclusions comprised non-scientific materials. No ethics approval was needed as it involved published data, not human subjects.Results:Publications with more than 500 citations were 11, and those with more than 400 citations, known as citation classics, were 27. Fifty-nine publications were funded, of which 14 (23.8%) were clinical trials and 24 (40.7%) were observational studies. The maximum number of articles was published between 1990 and 1999 ( n = 45), followed by 2000 and 2009 ( n = 26). The h-index of the first author showed a significant positive correlation with the number of citations of the paper (Spearman’s ρ = 0.480, P = 0.02). Among research papers, the maximum were observational studies ( n = 44), followed by 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight non-randomized clinical trials. Additionally, among RCTs ( n = 19), 17 were focused on the management theme.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis is an invaluable resource for scholars and students who might be interested in learning about the developments and patterns in the field of panic disorder research.
{"title":"A Study of Citations: Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Top-cited Publications on Panic Disorder","authors":"Gayatri Bhatia, Vrinda Kabra, Anureet Kaur Chandi, Rahul Mathur","doi":"10.1177/02537176241259143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241259143","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The number of times a publication is cited in scientific research papers is often considered to estimate its contribution to biomedical literature. Although extensive research has been conducted on panic disorder over time, attempts at a citation analysis have yet to be made to the best of our knowledge.Aim:The aim of this study was to understand the trends of research on panic disorder from the top 100 most-cited publications worldwide.Materials and Methods:A citation analysis of the top 100 panic disorder publications was conducted, using Harzing’s Publish or Perish to identify articles from Google Scholar. The study analyzed citation patterns, authorship, publication types, and themes. Exclusions comprised non-scientific materials. No ethics approval was needed as it involved published data, not human subjects.Results:Publications with more than 500 citations were 11, and those with more than 400 citations, known as citation classics, were 27. Fifty-nine publications were funded, of which 14 (23.8%) were clinical trials and 24 (40.7%) were observational studies. The maximum number of articles was published between 1990 and 1999 ( n = 45), followed by 2000 and 2009 ( n = 26). The h-index of the first author showed a significant positive correlation with the number of citations of the paper (Spearman’s ρ = 0.480, P = 0.02). Among research papers, the maximum were observational studies ( n = 44), followed by 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight non-randomized clinical trials. Additionally, among RCTs ( n = 19), 17 were focused on the management theme.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis is an invaluable resource for scholars and students who might be interested in learning about the developments and patterns in the field of panic disorder research.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Areca nut (AN) and AN products (ANPs) are commonly used as psychoactive substances with marked dependence potential. Scant information exists on the Indian mental health professionals’ (MHPs) knowledge of AN-ANPs, attitude toward AN-ANP use/users, and behavior regarding their clients’ AN-ANP use. To address this gap, a survey was undertaken to assess MHPs’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral responses toward AN-ANP use and addiction.Methods:We developed a pretested, customized questionnaire and conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a random sample of MHPs.Results:The 209 respondents included 91 psychiatrists, 105 clinical psychologists, and 13 other MHPs from diverse settings. Among them, 46.89% believed that AN-ANP use does not fit the definition of abuse/addiction as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition or International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10)/ICD-11. Among the psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and other MHPs, 60.4%, 48.6%, and 61.5% were unaware of any AN-ANP cessation protocols. The addictive potential of AN-ANP with tobacco was rated as severe by 68.1% of psychiatrists and 51.4% of clinical psychologists; 46.2% of other MHPs rated it as moderate. The addictive potential of AN-ANP without tobacco was rated as moderate by 50.5% of clinical psychologists and mild by 46.2% of psychiatrists. Of the sample, 67.46% discussed the harmful effects of AN-ANPs with clients, while 74.6% said a few or none of their clients sought help for AN-ANP cessation.Conclusion:Major lacunae were detected in the understanding of Indian MHPs about the addictive potential of AN-ANPs, management aspects, etc. An urgent need has been revealed for sensitization programs on AN-ANPs and the development of evidence-based cessation protocols.
{"title":"Exploring the Perceptions of Indian Mental Health Professionals Regarding Areca (Betel) Nut Products: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Anusa Arunachalam Mohandoss, Shahul Ameen, Rooban Thavarajah","doi":"10.1177/02537176241262737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241262737","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Areca nut (AN) and AN products (ANPs) are commonly used as psychoactive substances with marked dependence potential. Scant information exists on the Indian mental health professionals’ (MHPs) knowledge of AN-ANPs, attitude toward AN-ANP use/users, and behavior regarding their clients’ AN-ANP use. To address this gap, a survey was undertaken to assess MHPs’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral responses toward AN-ANP use and addiction.Methods:We developed a pretested, customized questionnaire and conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a random sample of MHPs.Results:The 209 respondents included 91 psychiatrists, 105 clinical psychologists, and 13 other MHPs from diverse settings. Among them, 46.89% believed that AN-ANP use does not fit the definition of abuse/addiction as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition or International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10)/ICD-11. Among the psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and other MHPs, 60.4%, 48.6%, and 61.5% were unaware of any AN-ANP cessation protocols. The addictive potential of AN-ANP with tobacco was rated as severe by 68.1% of psychiatrists and 51.4% of clinical psychologists; 46.2% of other MHPs rated it as moderate. The addictive potential of AN-ANP without tobacco was rated as moderate by 50.5% of clinical psychologists and mild by 46.2% of psychiatrists. Of the sample, 67.46% discussed the harmful effects of AN-ANPs with clients, while 74.6% said a few or none of their clients sought help for AN-ANP cessation.Conclusion:Major lacunae were detected in the understanding of Indian MHPs about the addictive potential of AN-ANPs, management aspects, etc. An urgent need has been revealed for sensitization programs on AN-ANPs and the development of evidence-based cessation protocols.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-04DOI: 10.1177/02537176241266880
Josef Finsterer
{"title":"Before Abulia is Attributed to Unilateral Ischemic Basal Ganglia Stroke, Alternative Etiologies Must be Thoroughly Ruled Out","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1177/02537176241266880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241266880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1177/02537176241260468
Sunil K. G. Patil, Neha V. Mattikoppa, Mahesh R. Gowda
{"title":"Video Record Viewing of Self in Delirium Tremens (Vvsdt) and Its Effect on Abstinence Among AD Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome","authors":"Sunil K. G. Patil, Neha V. Mattikoppa, Mahesh R. Gowda","doi":"10.1177/02537176241260468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241260468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-03DOI: 10.1177/02537176241265742
Nitisha Verma, Snehil Gupta, Pooja Shatadal
Background:The Indian Teachers of Psychiatry (IToP) forum introduced a unique research grant scheme- IToP-MUST (Minds United Scholarship for Teachers) Enrich Research Grant- for conducting research in psychiatry education. This scoping review’s objectives are to (a) assess the research areas and methodologies of MUST Enrich grant-supported research, (b) identify strengths and limitations of these research works, and (c) inform the researchers and funding agency concerning robust methodologies and study areas that can be considered in the future.Methods:We included all MUST-funded original educational research projects from their inception (2020) to the present, which were either published or, although unpublished, available in the public domain.Results:Eleven research projects were identified. Most awardees were junior academic faculty members (n = 9, 82%). Eight (73%) studies were related to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and were based on teaching-learning (TL) or related methods under the CBME framework, focusing on newer TL methods. Seven of eight (88%) were based on undergraduate TL. Most (n = 8, 73%) of the studies had an observational cross-sectional design, whereas the rest were interventional studies. Almost all were quantitative studies (n = 10, 91%). The prime themes of the research were students’ and teachers’ perspectives on the study topic, innovations in psychiatry TL, and their educational impact.Conclusion:This review’s findings will inform funders and researchers about future research areas and help formulate robust methodologies. Other funders must earmark their funding for educational research to grow this field.
背景：印度精神病学教师（IToP）论坛推出了一项独特的研究补助金计划--IToP-MUST（Minds United Scholarship for Teachers）丰富研究补助金--用于开展精神病学教育研究。本范围审查的目的是：（a）评估 MUST Enrich 研究补助金支持的研究领域和方法；（b）确定这些研究工作的优势和局限性；以及（c）向研究人员和资助机构提供有关未来可考虑的稳健方法和研究领域的信息。方法：我们纳入了 MUST 资助的所有原创教育研究项目，这些项目从开始（2020 年）至今，要么已发表，要么虽未发表但可在公共领域获得。大多数获奖者为初级学术教师（9 人，占 82%）。八项研究（73%）与能力本位医学教育（CBME）有关，基于能力本位医学教育框架下的教与学（TL）或相关方法，侧重于较新的教与学方法。八项研究中有七项（88%）基于本科生教学法。大多数研究（8 项，占 73%）采用观察性横断面设计，其余则为干预性研究。几乎所有研究都是定量研究（10 项，91%）。研究的首要主题是学生和教师对研究课题的看法、精神病学 TL 的创新及其对教育的影响。其他资助者必须为教育研究提供专项资金，以促进这一领域的发展。
{"title":"Research in Psychiatry Medical Education through “MUST Enrich Grant”: A Scoping Review","authors":"Nitisha Verma, Snehil Gupta, Pooja Shatadal","doi":"10.1177/02537176241265742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241265742","url":null,"abstract":"Background:The Indian Teachers of Psychiatry (IToP) forum introduced a unique research grant scheme- IToP-MUST (Minds United Scholarship for Teachers) Enrich Research Grant- for conducting research in psychiatry education. This scoping review’s objectives are to (a) assess the research areas and methodologies of MUST Enrich grant-supported research, (b) identify strengths and limitations of these research works, and (c) inform the researchers and funding agency concerning robust methodologies and study areas that can be considered in the future.Methods:We included all MUST-funded original educational research projects from their inception (2020) to the present, which were either published or, although unpublished, available in the public domain.Results:Eleven research projects were identified. Most awardees were junior academic faculty members (n = 9, 82%). Eight (73%) studies were related to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and were based on teaching-learning (TL) or related methods under the CBME framework, focusing on newer TL methods. Seven of eight (88%) were based on undergraduate TL. Most (n = 8, 73%) of the studies had an observational cross-sectional design, whereas the rest were interventional studies. Almost all were quantitative studies (n = 10, 91%). The prime themes of the research were students’ and teachers’ perspectives on the study topic, innovations in psychiatry TL, and their educational impact.Conclusion:This review’s findings will inform funders and researchers about future research areas and help formulate robust methodologies. Other funders must earmark their funding for educational research to grow this field.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) refers to intractable vomiting during pregnancy and is rarely associated with Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE). HG-associated WE can lead to mortality and permanent cognitive impairment if left untreated. In this report, we present two cases of WE following HG occurring in the context of comorbid severe depression.Case Description:In the first case, a 29-year-old female developed HG and WE during the second month of pregnancy, followed by an episode of severe depression with catatonia. In the second case, a 23-year-old female with bipolar disorder presented with HG for two months during pregnancy, followed by an episode of severe depression and a fractured mandible due to a fall.Conclusion:Thiamine should be considered in women experiencing prolonged vomiting during pregnancy, and they should be closely monitored for features of WE.
{"title":"Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (WE) Associated with Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) Presenting with Psychiatric Morbidity: Description of Two Cases","authors":"Sandeep Grover, Sanjana Kathiravan, Akshyee Kale, Devakshi Dua, Pooja Sikka, Usha Dutta","doi":"10.1177/02537176241260845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241260845","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) refers to intractable vomiting during pregnancy and is rarely associated with Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE). HG-associated WE can lead to mortality and permanent cognitive impairment if left untreated. In this report, we present two cases of WE following HG occurring in the context of comorbid severe depression.Case Description:In the first case, a 29-year-old female developed HG and WE during the second month of pregnancy, followed by an episode of severe depression with catatonia. In the second case, a 23-year-old female with bipolar disorder presented with HG for two months during pregnancy, followed by an episode of severe depression and a fractured mandible due to a fall.Conclusion:Thiamine should be considered in women experiencing prolonged vomiting during pregnancy, and they should be closely monitored for features of WE.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/02537176241256885
Manish Roshan Thakur, Ravi Yadav, Rajvardhan Singh Bhanwar
Introduction:Paraphilias, encompassing a diverse range of atypical sexual interests and behaviors, have been a subject of profound interest and scrutiny throughout history. These sexual interests are a matter of debate with the changing society and also with the changing world view. The rise in awareness about abnormal sexual interests also poses difficulty in adding to the existing list.Objectives:This article aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the historical underpinnings, current diagnostic criteria, legal considerations in India, and treatment approaches available for paraphilias.Methodology:Electronic searches were done on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search term included were “paraphilias,” “history,” “nosology,” “legislation,” “law,” “treatment guidelines,” and “treatment recommendations” in various combinations. An independent online search was also conducted for historical and legal aspects of India.Results:The classification and understanding of paraphilias have evolved over time, with some being removed from criminalized groups and laws and legislation changing based on societal norms. ICD and DSM have become more structured, but need constant updating. India's laws need to be more specific and streamlined, and guidelines have not been assessed for effectiveness. Paraphilias has been treated as a foster child in psychiatry, raising concerns about treatment options.
导言：奸淫癖包括各种非典型的性兴趣和性行为，在历史上一直是人们深感兴趣和关注的话题。随着社会的变迁和世界观的改变，这些性趣也成为人们争论的焦点。目的：本文旨在全面探讨副性妄想症的历史基础、现行诊断标准、印度的法律考虑因素和治疗方法。方法：在 PubMed、Science Direct、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 上进行电子检索。搜索关键词包括 "性变态"、"历史"、"分类学"、"立法"、"法律"、"治疗指南 "和 "治疗建议 "的各种组合。结果：随着时间的推移，对恋物癖的分类和理解也在发生变化，有些恋物癖已从犯罪群体中删除，法律和立法也根据社会规范发生了变化。ICD 和 DSM 已变得更加系统化，但仍需不断更新。印度的法律需要更加具体和简化，而且尚未对指导方针的有效性进行评估。性变态在精神病学中一直被视为寄养儿童，引起了人们对治疗方案的关注。
{"title":"Narrative Review of Paraphilias: An Indian Perspective","authors":"Manish Roshan Thakur, Ravi Yadav, Rajvardhan Singh Bhanwar","doi":"10.1177/02537176241256885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176241256885","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Paraphilias, encompassing a diverse range of atypical sexual interests and behaviors, have been a subject of profound interest and scrutiny throughout history. These sexual interests are a matter of debate with the changing society and also with the changing world view. The rise in awareness about abnormal sexual interests also poses difficulty in adding to the existing list.Objectives:This article aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the historical underpinnings, current diagnostic criteria, legal considerations in India, and treatment approaches available for paraphilias.Methodology:Electronic searches were done on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search term included were “paraphilias,” “history,” “nosology,” “legislation,” “law,” “treatment guidelines,” and “treatment recommendations” in various combinations. An independent online search was also conducted for historical and legal aspects of India.Results:The classification and understanding of paraphilias have evolved over time, with some being removed from criminalized groups and laws and legislation changing based on societal norms. ICD and DSM have become more structured, but need constant updating. India's laws need to be more specific and streamlined, and guidelines have not been assessed for effectiveness. Paraphilias has been treated as a foster child in psychiatry, raising concerns about treatment options.","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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