In Indonesia, according to civil law, a political party can be a separate legal personality from its members vested with the same legal rights and duties as a legal citizen. They can participate in the economic, politic, legal, and social relationships. If they violate the law, they can also be held responsible. However, it is still very doubtful whether they can be liable in criminal law since they have critical function in the democratic political process as acknowledge by the constitution. This paper examines the position of a political party in their criminal liability, whether they can be prosecuted, and sanctioned. In order to do that the scientific methodology used for this research is doctrinal legal research, scrutinizing some theories, regulations, and legal cases, and analyzing some legal theories on corporate legal personalities. It examines regulations and cases that describe the conditions when a political party can or cannot be prosecuted as political parties. It is concluded that political parties do have some peculiarities that ordinary private corporations do not, such as the important roles they play in constitutional life as they can contest election results and hold power in the government. Some countries treat political parties differently when it comes to criminal law. This research will provide valuable information for judges, other law enforcement officers, and academia in understanding the position of political parties in criminal liability.
{"title":"POLITICAL PARTY’S CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN INDONESIA","authors":"Nani Mulyati, T. Santoso","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.536","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, according to civil law, a political party can be a separate legal personality from its members vested with the same legal rights and duties as a legal citizen. They can participate in the economic, politic, legal, and social relationships. If they violate the law, they can also be held responsible. However, it is still very doubtful whether they can be liable in criminal law since they have critical function in the democratic political process as acknowledge by the constitution. This paper examines the position of a political party in their criminal liability, whether they can be prosecuted, and sanctioned. In order to do that the scientific methodology used for this research is doctrinal legal research, scrutinizing some theories, regulations, and legal cases, and analyzing some legal theories on corporate legal personalities. It examines regulations and cases that describe the conditions when a political party can or cannot be prosecuted as political parties. It is concluded that political parties do have some peculiarities that ordinary private corporations do not, such as the important roles they play in constitutional life as they can contest election results and hold power in the government. Some countries treat political parties differently when it comes to criminal law. This research will provide valuable information for judges, other law enforcement officers, and academia in understanding the position of political parties in criminal liability.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49591890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that the current narcotics law regime is a factor to blame for the cause of prison overcrowding and unnecessary deprivation of liberty and dignity for its violator with the help of criminal justice tools. Multi-layer category of drug users introduced by the current narcotics law is leaving too much discretion for the law enforcement agency to criminalize marijuana user. Data shows that in Jakarta and Surabaya court alone, all marijuana users are charged with multiple articles and leaving no room for them to escape from a draconian sentence. This paper questions the repressive enforcement used by the Indonesian apparatus specifically on marijuana because it leads to other issues bigger than the personal use of marijuana itself. In the end, this article is proposing the change of legislation in marijuana law while at the same time taking the nature of political conservatism in Indonesia into account.
{"title":"Causes and Consequences of the War on Marijuana in Indonesia","authors":"A. Pangaribuan, Kelly Manthovani","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.502","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the current narcotics law regime is a factor to blame for the cause of prison overcrowding and unnecessary deprivation of liberty and dignity for its violator with the help of criminal justice tools. Multi-layer category of drug users introduced by the current narcotics law is leaving too much discretion for the law enforcement agency to criminalize marijuana user. Data shows that in Jakarta and Surabaya court alone, all marijuana users are charged with multiple articles and leaving no room for them to escape from a draconian sentence. This paper questions the repressive enforcement used by the Indonesian apparatus specifically on marijuana because it leads to other issues bigger than the personal use of marijuana itself. In the end, this article is proposing the change of legislation in marijuana law while at the same time taking the nature of political conservatism in Indonesia into account.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Law Number 24 of 2009 on National Flag, Language, Emblem, and Anthem of Indonesia requires that any contract involving an Indonesian party must be drafted in Indonesian. In applying this law, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, in Nine AM v. PT Bangun Karya Pratama Lestari judgment, annulled a loan agreement because it was considered to violate the language requirement. Although claiming to strengthen the use of Indonesian language in a contract, this judgment underscores a potential risk of voidance a foreign party face in entering into an agreement drafted in a foreign language when contracting with an Indonesian counterparty. On the other side of the hemisphere, the Court of Justice of the European Union in Anton Las v. PSA Antwerp NV and New Valmar BVBA v. Global Pharmacies Partner Health Srl drew the public attention to the obligation to use Dutch in employment contract and company documents as imposed in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Despite Indonesia and Belgium being geographically far from each other, the abovementioned judgments underline the phenomenon that national language still plays an important role in influencing cross-border legal relations. This article seeks to explore the legal impacts of the obligation to use national language in contracts has on freedom of parties to contracting. It further argues that this obligation impedes international contracting.
2009年关于印度尼西亚国旗、语言、徽章和国歌的第24号法律要求，任何涉及印尼一方的合同都必须用印尼语起草。在适用这项法律时，印度尼西亚共和国最高法院在Nine AM诉PT Bangun Karya Pratama Lestari的判决中宣布贷款协议无效，因为该协议被认为违反了语言要求。尽管该判决声称加强了合同中印尼语的使用，但它强调了外国一方在与印尼交易对手签订合同时，在签订用外语起草的协议时面临的潜在无效风险。在半球的另一边，欧盟法院在Anton Las诉PSA Antwerp NV和New Valmar BVBA诉Global Pharmacies Partner Health Srl一案中提请公众注意比利时荷兰语区规定的在雇佣合同和公司文件中使用荷兰语的义务。尽管印度尼西亚和比利时在地理上相距遥远，但上述判决突显了一种现象，即民族语言在影响跨境法律关系方面仍然发挥着重要作用。本文试图探讨在合同中使用民族语言的义务对缔约方自由的法律影响。它进一步争辩说，这一义务妨碍了国际合同。
{"title":"The Mandatory Use of National Language in Indonesia and Belgium: An Obstacle to International Contracting?","authors":"P. Penasthika","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V9N2.537","url":null,"abstract":"Law Number 24 of 2009 on National Flag, Language, Emblem, and Anthem of Indonesia requires that any contract involving an Indonesian party must be drafted in Indonesian. In applying this law, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, in Nine AM v. PT Bangun Karya Pratama Lestari judgment, annulled a loan agreement because it was considered to violate the language requirement. Although claiming to strengthen the use of Indonesian language in a contract, this judgment underscores a potential risk of voidance a foreign party face in entering into an agreement drafted in a foreign language when contracting with an Indonesian counterparty. On the other side of the hemisphere, the Court of Justice of the European Union in Anton Las v. PSA Antwerp NV and New Valmar BVBA v. Global Pharmacies Partner Health Srl drew the public attention to the obligation to use Dutch in employment contract and company documents as imposed in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Despite Indonesia and Belgium being geographically far from each other, the abovementioned judgments underline the phenomenon that national language still plays an important role in influencing cross-border legal relations. This article seeks to explore the legal impacts of the obligation to use national language in contracts has on freedom of parties to contracting. It further argues that this obligation impedes international contracting.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44005700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notion of cultural relativism has always been fundamental challenge to upholding human rights values, especially with regard to gender mainstreaming and equality of either sexes. In this sense, there is a view that cross-cultural moral values are not acceptable given their own cultural traits that produce their own mode of thinking and ideology. It is thus understandable that article 5 (a) of women convention, which is the only provision in international law that seeks to modify culture that prejudice women, will deal with constant hurdles in countries which firmly embrace cultural values like in Indonesia. Even though a signal of commitment has been shown by a ratification without making any reservation to the obligations stipulated therein. However, this commitment remain highly questionable as discriminatory laws remain in force across the country from national to the local level and new discriminatory regulations continue to be issued. The Committee of Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has reminded Indonesia at some occasion that the cultural and religious values cannot undermine the universality of women’s right. Nevertheless, up until now the authorities has always failed to make a clear time frame to make a revision of laws that institutionalize negative stereotype against women. Taking this perspective into account this paper will explore the reason and indicator of Indonesia’s failure to implement article 5(a) of the women convention to modify cultural values and stereotype against women in its legal system and instruments, in doing so this paper will also try to dig deeper about the barriers for Indonesia to implement its state obligations under this article.
{"title":"Elimination Of Culture Based Discrimination Against Women In Indonesia:","authors":"Widya Naseva Tuslian","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.507","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of cultural relativism has always been fundamental challenge to upholding human rights values, especially with regard to gender mainstreaming and equality of either sexes. In this sense, there is a view that cross-cultural moral values are not acceptable given their own cultural traits that produce their own mode of thinking and ideology. It is thus understandable that article 5 (a) of women convention, which is the only provision in international law that seeks to modify culture that prejudice women, will deal with constant hurdles in countries which firmly embrace cultural values like in Indonesia. Even though a signal of commitment has been shown by a ratification without making any reservation to the obligations stipulated therein. However, this commitment remain highly questionable as discriminatory laws remain in force across the country from national to the local level and new discriminatory regulations continue to be issued. The Committee of Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has reminded Indonesia at some occasion that the cultural and religious values cannot undermine the universality of women’s right. Nevertheless, up until now the authorities has always failed to make a clear time frame to make a revision of laws that institutionalize negative stereotype against women. Taking this perspective into account this paper will explore the reason and indicator of Indonesia’s failure to implement article 5(a) of the women convention to modify cultural values and stereotype against women in its legal system and instruments, in doing so this paper will also try to dig deeper about the barriers for Indonesia to implement its state obligations under this article.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Legal development introduces the new type of trademarks differ to those of the conventional ones. This paper gives an account of non-conventional trademarks categories, particularly sound, scent and taste mark, in terms of their registration. Subsequently, it also further illustrates that graphical representation, as a prerequisite, stifles the registration of non-conventional trademarks through recent studies and cases both in the European Union and United States. European Union, under Trademark Directive 2008, required graphical representation as a requirement which turned out to be the primary problem in terms of registration for non-conventional trademarks. United States, having no such requirement, tend to be more acceptable in registering non-conventional trademarks. This paper also argues that graphical representation is immaterial and its removal from the relevant provision increases the legal certainty and flexibility. Problem of non-conventional trademarks registration incurred by graphical representation requirement is most likely to be faced by Indonesia which tries to encompass the protection of non-conventional trademarks. Indonesian Trademark Law requires Label Merek (a representation form), which in common practice is seen merely as representation form that consists of lines, images and character (graphically represented form), as a minimum requirement for trademark registration. Seeing Label Merek merely as a graphical represented form will stifle the registration of non-conventional trademarks. Therefore, such representation form needs to be construed broadly beyond graphically represented form in order to encompass the protection of non-conventional trademarks.
{"title":"GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION IN THE FORM OF LABEL MEREK/MARK ETIQUETTE IN RELATION WITH NON-CONVENTIONAL TRADEMARKS REGISTRATION IN INDONESIA","authors":"Ilham Azenal Sacabrata","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.482","url":null,"abstract":"Legal development introduces the new type of trademarks differ to those of the conventional ones. This paper gives an account of non-conventional trademarks categories, particularly sound, scent and taste mark, in terms of their registration. Subsequently, it also further illustrates that graphical representation, as a prerequisite, stifles the registration of non-conventional trademarks through recent studies and cases both in the European Union and United States. European Union, under Trademark Directive 2008, required graphical representation as a requirement which turned out to be the primary problem in terms of registration for non-conventional trademarks. United States, having no such requirement, tend to be more acceptable in registering non-conventional trademarks. This paper also argues that graphical representation is immaterial and its removal from the relevant provision increases the legal certainty and flexibility. Problem of non-conventional trademarks registration incurred by graphical representation requirement is most likely to be faced by Indonesia which tries to encompass the protection of non-conventional trademarks. Indonesian Trademark Law requires Label Merek (a representation form), which in common practice is seen merely as representation form that consists of lines, images and character (graphically represented form), as a minimum requirement for trademark registration. Seeing Label Merek merely as a graphical represented form will stifle the registration of non-conventional trademarks. Therefore, such representation form needs to be construed broadly beyond graphically represented form in order to encompass the protection of non-conventional trademarks.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE ARMY AND THE INDONESIAN GENOCIDE: MECHANICS OF MASS MURDER","authors":"P. Waagstein","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyses the role of guardian of democracy performed by Indonesian Constitutional Court in reinterpreting the ideas of economic democracy. Although, in the 1945 Constitution, the economic democracy is well-derived from the mind’s eye of social justice which is established in Pancasila, some economic legislations tends to ignore the idea of economic democracy. Therefore, the Constitutional Court examined the disputed norms through constitutional review in order to maintain constitutional economic order. Besides, as elaborated by the Writer, the “ratio decidendi” stood behind some Constitutional Court’s verdicts used an approach which kept the two fundaments of democracy maintained. Apparently, as the guardian of democracy – not merely the protector of human rights, the Constitutional Court considered the conceptions of freedom and equality consecutively in its judicial verdicts. In this context, if liberty and equality are embodied at proportional measures in Indonesian democracy, the general welfare idealised in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution will be promoted in our national life.
{"title":"Two Ideas of Economic Democracy: Contextual Analysis on Role of Indonesian Constitutional Court as a Guardian of Democracy","authors":"Kukuh Prasetyo","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.357","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the role of guardian of democracy performed by Indonesian Constitutional Court in reinterpreting the ideas of economic democracy. Although, in the 1945 Constitution, the economic democracy is well-derived from the mind’s eye of social justice which is established in Pancasila, some economic legislations tends to ignore the idea of economic democracy. Therefore, the Constitutional Court examined the disputed norms through constitutional review in order to maintain constitutional economic order. Besides, as elaborated by the Writer, the “ratio decidendi” stood behind some Constitutional Court’s verdicts used an approach which kept the two fundaments of democracy maintained. Apparently, as the guardian of democracy – not merely the protector of human rights, the Constitutional Court considered the conceptions of freedom and equality consecutively in its judicial verdicts. In this context, if liberty and equality are embodied at proportional measures in Indonesian democracy, the general welfare idealised in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution will be promoted in our national life.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rifky Wicaksono, Kusuma Raditya, Laurensia Andrini, M. Hawin, Paripurna Sugarda, Herliana Herliana, H. Hariyanto
The regional economic integration that ensues from the ASEAN Economy Community will not only provide its members with boundless opportunities for economic growth, but also with unprecedented challenges. The demands of a more interconnected regional economy will requirethe Indonesian government, as guardians of the competitive process in the Indonesian market, to protect it from anticompetitive conduct occurring both within and outside of its borders. However, there is a major gap since Indonesia's current competition law does not provide the KPPU with the jurisdiction to investigate, prosecute, or punish violations committed by business actors located outside of Indonesia's territory. Thus, this paper examines the implementation o f the extraterritoriality principle to enable the KPPU and Indonesian courts to exercise jurisdiction over foreign business actors who violate Indonesia's competition law from abroad. This paper employs a comparative approach to analyze the development of the extraterritoriality principle in the US's, EU's, Singapore's, and Malaysia's competition laws. This article concludes by determining how the extraterritoriality principle should be implemented to strengthen Indonesia's competition law enforcement.
{"title":"IMPLEMENTING THE EXTRATERRITORIALITY PRINCIPLE TO STRENGTHEN COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA IN THE AEC ERA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"Muhammad Rifky Wicaksono, Kusuma Raditya, Laurensia Andrini, M. Hawin, Paripurna Sugarda, Herliana Herliana, H. Hariyanto","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.498","url":null,"abstract":"The regional economic integration that ensues from the ASEAN Economy Community will not only provide its members with boundless opportunities for economic growth, but also with unprecedented challenges. The demands of a more interconnected regional economy will requirethe Indonesian government, as guardians of the competitive process in the Indonesian market, to protect it from anticompetitive conduct occurring both within and outside of its borders. However, there is a major gap since Indonesia's current competition law does not provide the KPPU with the jurisdiction to investigate, prosecute, or punish violations committed by business actors located outside of Indonesia's territory. Thus, this paper examines the implementation o f the extraterritoriality principle to enable the KPPU and Indonesian courts to exercise jurisdiction over foreign business actors who violate Indonesia's competition law from abroad. This paper employs a comparative approach to analyze the development of the extraterritoriality principle in the US's, EU's, Singapore's, and Malaysia's competition laws. This article concludes by determining how the extraterritoriality principle should be implemented to strengthen Indonesia's competition law enforcement.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42729861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the Indonesian Timber Legality Assurance (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu, SVLK) and its nature to produce legal wood under the European Union-Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (EU-FLEGT) system. It is intended to ensure the exporting states control over legality of wood under new forest governance and its enforcement in EU market. Using a critical legal analysis, this paper argued that the SVLK could present legality in a formalistic way, but it could not guarantee the substantial meaning of benefit for sustainability, participatory and community. Therefore this paper contributes to provide a better understanding of the application of SVLK in Indonesia, along with reflecting some recommendations, as developing SVLK for domestic market, and replicating it into other exporting natural resources products. The comprehensive approaches for enforcing SVLK can lead to accelerate sustainability in more practical and grounded sense, to improve forest governance and welfare for local people therein.
{"title":"INDONESIAN TIMBER LEGALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM (SVLK): IN PURSUIT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN FOREST GOVERNANCE","authors":"M. Kadir","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the Indonesian Timber Legality Assurance (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu, SVLK) and its nature to produce legal wood under the European Union-Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (EU-FLEGT) system. It is intended to ensure the exporting states control over legality of wood under new forest governance and its enforcement in EU market. Using a critical legal analysis, this paper argued that the SVLK could present legality in a formalistic way, but it could not guarantee the substantial meaning of benefit for sustainability, participatory and community. Therefore this paper contributes to provide a better understanding of the application of SVLK in Indonesia, along with reflecting some recommendations, as developing SVLK for domestic market, and replicating it into other exporting natural resources products. The comprehensive approaches for enforcing SVLK can lead to accelerate sustainability in more practical and grounded sense, to improve forest governance and welfare for local people therein.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41751123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article has been developed through an analysis of primary and secondary sources concerning the nationalization’s policy of the Dutch enterprises in Indonesia as had been conducted by Soekarno’s regime back in 1958. The impact of this said policy has been so much felt very strongly to these days, most especially on the ex-concessionary lands of the Dutch enterprises in North Sumatera. The flaws made by the Indonesian government in interpreting the terminology of Concession to the Cultivation Rights on Lands, in the said nationalization policy, have created various endless conflicts among central and regional governments, state-owned enterprises, the Sultanates (mainly the Deli and the Serdang), private-owned companies, the military and other interest groups. At certain ends, these critical disputes have left some saddening and murky situations whereas the ancestral lands belonging to Melayu people, which were put in concession by the Sultanate to the Dutch-owned enterprises, were gradually missing in terms of identity and without any compensation to this ethnic group.
{"title":"The Nationalization of the Dutch Owned Plantations in North Sumatra: To Whom The Communal Land Belong?","authors":"E. Ikhsan","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V1N9.234","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been developed through an analysis of primary and secondary sources concerning the nationalization’s policy of the Dutch enterprises in Indonesia as had been conducted by Soekarno’s regime back in 1958. The impact of this said policy has been so much felt very strongly to these days, most especially on the ex-concessionary lands of the Dutch enterprises in North Sumatera. The flaws made by the Indonesian government in interpreting the terminology of Concession to the Cultivation Rights on Lands, in the said nationalization policy, have created various endless conflicts among central and regional governments, state-owned enterprises, the Sultanates (mainly the Deli and the Serdang), private-owned companies, the military and other interest groups. At certain ends, these critical disputes have left some saddening and murky situations whereas the ancestral lands belonging to Melayu people, which were put in concession by the Sultanate to the Dutch-owned enterprises, were gradually missing in terms of identity and without any compensation to this ethnic group.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44691004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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