Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.3
R. Ranjith Kumar, S. Kiran, S. Girisham, SM Reddy
Production of lipases by three thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces luteus and Rhizomucor pusillus was investigated, influence of substratum, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources on lipase production was also studied. All the three fungi under study produced good amount of lipase constitutively. Lipase production was maximum at 45oC and it was thermostable.
{"title":"Lipase production by three thermophilic fungi","authors":"R. Ranjith Kumar, S. Kiran, S. Girisham, SM Reddy","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.3","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Production of lipases by three thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces luteus and Rhizomucor pusillus was investigated, influence of substratum, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources on lipase production was also studied. All the three fungi under study produced good amount of lipase constitutively. Lipase production was maximum at 45oC and it was thermostable.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.4
Mathan Natarajan, Ragul Kessavane
Background: Probiotics are widely accepted functional foods for general well-being and a healthy lifestyle. A robust approach to evaluate the bio-similarities between marketed probiotics still needs to be developed. Aim: We aimed to define an approach that uses time-tested methods to evaluate pro-biosimilarity between different marketed probiotics. Methods: A total of five different Bacillus clausii formulations were compared with the international reference standard Enterogermina. The spore quantity and microbial purity of the samples were estimated. The antibiotic resistance strains in oral suspension samples were isolated and subjected to molecular characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using commercially available antibiotics. The pH and transmittance of the samples were measured. Results: Bifilac Clausi had the highest, while Entromax had the lowest density of quality spores. None of the products had contaminant pathogenic microorganisms. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, four strains from Bifilac Clausi and Enterogermina and one strain from other samples were identified. The identity of the strains from Bifilac Clausi matched those of Enterogermina. Bifilac Clausi and Enterogermina were resistant to the ten antibiotics tested. Conclusions: Among the different Indian brands of Bacillus clausii, only Bifilac Clausi was found to be a pro- biosimilar to the international reference standard, Enterogermina.
{"title":"Probiosimilarity Study: A Comprehensive Approach to Compare the Attributes of Marketed Probiotics Containing Bacillus clausii","authors":"Mathan Natarajan, Ragul Kessavane","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.4","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Background: Probiotics are widely accepted functional foods for general well-being and a healthy lifestyle. A robust approach to evaluate the bio-similarities between marketed probiotics still needs to be developed. Aim: We aimed to define an approach that uses time-tested methods to evaluate pro-biosimilarity between different marketed probiotics. Methods: A total of five different Bacillus clausii formulations were compared with the international reference standard Enterogermina. The spore quantity and microbial purity of the samples were estimated. The antibiotic resistance strains in oral suspension samples were isolated and subjected to molecular characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using commercially available antibiotics. The pH and transmittance of the samples were measured. Results: Bifilac Clausi had the highest, while Entromax had the lowest density of quality spores. None of the products had contaminant pathogenic microorganisms. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, four strains from Bifilac Clausi and Enterogermina and one strain from other samples were identified. The identity of the strains from Bifilac Clausi matched those of Enterogermina. Bifilac Clausi and Enterogermina were resistant to the ten antibiotics tested. Conclusions: Among the different Indian brands of Bacillus clausii, only Bifilac Clausi was found to be a pro- biosimilar to the international reference standard, Enterogermina.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The present study presents a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2‟s survival capacity in its human host in an area within a month. Materials and Methods: Codon usage bias study has been carried using Emboss package and evolutionary study has been carried using pn/ps packages in python and R for statistical analysis. Results: The virus has overlapping genes exhibiting a high codon usage bias and optimization with human Lung housekeeping genes. Viral ORFs have near values of minimum folding energies and codon adaptation index with mRNAs of the human Lung housekeeping genes. Then too, viruses showed a greater expression capacity. Polymorphism is in the virus for ORF1ab, surface glycoprotein and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein ORFs. Non-synonymous mutations have shown non-polar substitutions. Out of the twelve mutations nine are for a higher t-RNA copy number. Synonymous mutation simulation mimicking evolution revealed fitter newer strains. Conclusion: Through this study we have explained the inherent codon adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 with human tRNA pool and how the virus shows polymorphism in-order to keep up with its infectious capacity. Hence, giving an insight into viral rapid adaptability.
{"title":"Revisiting SARS-CoV-2: Evolution, polymorphism and compatibility with human tRNA pool in a lineage over a month","authors":"Manish Prakash Victor, Rohit Das, Tapash Chandra Ghos","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.2","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 Introduction: The present study presents a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2‟s survival capacity in its human host in an area within a month. Materials and Methods: Codon usage bias study has been carried using Emboss package and evolutionary study has been carried using pn/ps packages in python and R for statistical analysis. Results: The virus has overlapping genes exhibiting a high codon usage bias and optimization with human Lung housekeeping genes. Viral ORFs have near values of minimum folding energies and codon adaptation index with mRNAs of the human Lung housekeeping genes. Then too, viruses showed a greater expression capacity. Polymorphism is in the virus for ORF1ab, surface glycoprotein and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein ORFs. Non-synonymous mutations have shown non-polar substitutions. Out of the twelve mutations nine are for a higher t-RNA copy number. Synonymous mutation simulation mimicking evolution revealed fitter newer strains. Conclusion: Through this study we have explained the inherent codon adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 with human tRNA pool and how the virus shows polymorphism in-order to keep up with its infectious capacity. Hence, giving an insight into viral rapid adaptability.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.1
Divya Patil, Bhoomika Vinod, Kavitha RV
Often, biotechnological advances are hindered by low growth rate of microorganisms utilized in the process, making optimal design of culture media a crucial aspect to consider in the biotechnology field. Materials and Method: Optimization of media components for growth and biomass production of Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, our organism of interest, was carried out using response surface methodology, a statistical approach to optimize and improve the performance of a process by analyzing the relationships between input variables and output responses. A linear model was estimated and media components were determined based on the linear regression equation generated by the model. The variables chosen were casein enzyme hydrolysate, yeast extract, arginine, and peptone. Results & Discussion: An optimum result for the four variables was predicted based on the experimental response, which is 7.5 g/L of casein enzyme hydrolysate and yeast extract each, and 5.0 g/L each of peptone and arginine. The optimized medium reduced the time required for the cell culture to attain stationary phase, and showed a significant increase in the amount of biomass obtained as compared with that in standard media.
{"title":"Optimization of medium and media components for maximum biomass of Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Divya Patil, Bhoomika Vinod, Kavitha RV","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Often, biotechnological advances are hindered by low growth rate of microorganisms utilized in the process, making optimal design of culture media a crucial aspect to consider in the biotechnology field. Materials and Method: Optimization of media components for growth and biomass production of Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, our organism of interest, was carried out using response surface methodology, a statistical approach to optimize and improve the performance of a process by analyzing the relationships between input variables and output responses. A linear model was estimated and media components were determined based on the linear regression equation generated by the model. The variables chosen were casein enzyme hydrolysate, yeast extract, arginine, and peptone. Results & Discussion: An optimum result for the four variables was predicted based on the experimental response, which is 7.5 g/L of casein enzyme hydrolysate and yeast extract each, and 5.0 g/L each of peptone and arginine. The optimized medium reduced the time required for the cell culture to attain stationary phase, and showed a significant increase in the amount of biomass obtained as compared with that in standard media.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.1
N. Gulati, Sohini Walia, Varsha Gupta, Isha Dhawan, P. Chaudhary
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus which is endemic in several countries. ZIKV waspreviously reported to cause sporadic infections with subclinical or mild illness until 2015 whenZIKV spread throughout the America. Although first human case of ZIKV was detected in 1954,it has recently gained attention due to its association with several neurological defects innewborns if the mother is infected with ZIKV during pregnancy. The Zika virus is primarilytransmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. But in recent times, there are evidence ofnon-vector transmission such as sexual transmission, mother to fetus transmission (Verticaltransmission), blood transfusion, and infectious urine transmission. Till date, there is no antiviraldrug for treatment of Zika virus infection. The vaccines to prevent infection of Zika virus are stillunder development.This review summarizes the history, ZIKV infection during pregnancy, modesof transmission, clinical symptoms, vaccine development, and antiviral drug advancement
{"title":"An update on Zika Virus Infection: Review Article","authors":"N. Gulati, Sohini Walia, Varsha Gupta, Isha Dhawan, P. Chaudhary","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus which is endemic in several countries. ZIKV waspreviously reported to cause sporadic infections with subclinical or mild illness until 2015 whenZIKV spread throughout the America. Although first human case of ZIKV was detected in 1954,it has recently gained attention due to its association with several neurological defects innewborns if the mother is infected with ZIKV during pregnancy. The Zika virus is primarilytransmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. But in recent times, there are evidence ofnon-vector transmission such as sexual transmission, mother to fetus transmission (Verticaltransmission), blood transfusion, and infectious urine transmission. Till date, there is no antiviraldrug for treatment of Zika virus infection. The vaccines to prevent infection of Zika virus are stillunder development.This review summarizes the history, ZIKV infection during pregnancy, modesof transmission, clinical symptoms, vaccine development, and antiviral drug advancement","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89805478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.3
A. Gupta, R. Mitra, P. Bandyopadhyay, A. Sirdesai, Mahesh Katariya, Jyoti Singh
Prebiotics are indigestible dietary supplements. Their function is to increase the growth andactivity of beneficial organisms (probiotics) while inhibiting the growth and activity of potentiallyharmful bacteria. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of inulin in enhancing the growthof Lactobacillus sp. and shows antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans a dental cariescausing microorganism. Growth pattern was observed for Lactobacillus plantarum andLactobacillus casei in MRS broth supplemented with 1% inulin and compared with Streptococcusmutans in Brain Heart Infusion Broth supplemented with 1% inulin. Lactobacillus plantarumshowed maximum growth with 0.89 Log10 then Lactobacillus casei with 0.79 Log10 increase andStreptococcus mutans was observed to have only 0.05 Log10 increase. This shows that there is nosuch effect of inulin on the growth of Streptococcus mutans from 0 hr to 24 hr when comparedwith Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei in MRS blank and MRS supplemented with1% inulin and BHIB blank and BHIB supplemented with 1% inulin. Antimicrobial activity ofinulin was also observed against Streptococcus mutans with (12.94±0.14) mm Mean ± SEMzones of inhibition and no zone was observed against Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacilluscasei.
{"title":"Role of Prebiotic Inulin extracted from chicory root in Oral care, In-vitro study","authors":"A. Gupta, R. Mitra, P. Bandyopadhyay, A. Sirdesai, Mahesh Katariya, Jyoti Singh","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Prebiotics are indigestible dietary supplements. Their function is to increase the growth andactivity of beneficial organisms (probiotics) while inhibiting the growth and activity of potentiallyharmful bacteria. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of inulin in enhancing the growthof Lactobacillus sp. and shows antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans a dental cariescausing microorganism. Growth pattern was observed for Lactobacillus plantarum andLactobacillus casei in MRS broth supplemented with 1% inulin and compared with Streptococcusmutans in Brain Heart Infusion Broth supplemented with 1% inulin. Lactobacillus plantarumshowed maximum growth with 0.89 Log10 then Lactobacillus casei with 0.79 Log10 increase andStreptococcus mutans was observed to have only 0.05 Log10 increase. This shows that there is nosuch effect of inulin on the growth of Streptococcus mutans from 0 hr to 24 hr when comparedwith Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei in MRS blank and MRS supplemented with1% inulin and BHIB blank and BHIB supplemented with 1% inulin. Antimicrobial activity ofinulin was also observed against Streptococcus mutans with (12.94±0.14) mm Mean ± SEMzones of inhibition and no zone was observed against Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacilluscasei.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87247557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.2
Purnima ., Pooja Singh
Chemical based phosphate (PO4-3) fertilizers occupies significant place in agricultural domainand ought to be dangerous (e.g. cause chronic kidney disorders, eutrophication). Hence, world isyelling for an efficient substitute of PO4-3 fertilizer. This fertilizer is being used to escalate yieldof green leafy vegetables, which are loaded with health nutrients, consequently, world is fallingfor this Mediterranean mode of diet. Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSB) could come tothe rescue and would be an economical and ecofriendly substitute of such fertilizer. This reviewdraws attention of researchers, to unveil the understudied aspects i.e. role and mechanisms ofPO4-3 solubilization, driven by PSB in association with green leafy veggies (viz, Cabbage,Spinach, Lettuce). As found that PSB application could give desirable results i.e. uplift theproductivity of green leafy vegetables and one if designed as biofertilizer, could ameliorateharmful effects of such fertilizer, caused upon human consumption
{"title":"Role of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria in Growth and Productivity of Green Leafy Vegetables. A Review","authors":"Purnima ., Pooja Singh","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2023.v25i01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical based phosphate (PO4-3) fertilizers occupies significant place in agricultural domainand ought to be dangerous (e.g. cause chronic kidney disorders, eutrophication). Hence, world isyelling for an efficient substitute of PO4-3 fertilizer. This fertilizer is being used to escalate yieldof green leafy vegetables, which are loaded with health nutrients, consequently, world is fallingfor this Mediterranean mode of diet. Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSB) could come tothe rescue and would be an economical and ecofriendly substitute of such fertilizer. This reviewdraws attention of researchers, to unveil the understudied aspects i.e. role and mechanisms ofPO4-3 solubilization, driven by PSB in association with green leafy veggies (viz, Cabbage,Spinach, Lettuce). As found that PSB application could give desirable results i.e. uplift theproductivity of green leafy vegetables and one if designed as biofertilizer, could ameliorateharmful effects of such fertilizer, caused upon human consumption","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82031104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.4
Dr. S. Yavanarani, Dr. R. Selvakumar
Background: There are many health hazards associated with diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, or both. Among the most life-threatening diseases, cancer presents many health hazards both in developed and developing countries, characterized by irregular cell proliferation. The prevalence of diabetes and cancer are escalating day by day and this shows the urgently require for the management of diabetes and cancer. Methods: In this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and anticancer potential of Siddha polyherbal formulation Tulasi oil (SPFTO) by glycosylation of hemoglobin assay, glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha amylase inhibition and MTT assay method, respectively. Results: The inhibition rate in all concentrations of Tulasi oil exhibited higher inhibition of glycosylation, glucose uptake in yeast cells assay and α amylase as compared with the standard drug. The cytotoxic activity for MCF7 cell line was 65.75% at 50 μg/mL concentration by MTT assay method. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the Siddha polyherbal formulation Tulasi oil has significant antidiabetic and antiproliferative activities.
{"title":"Anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative potential of Siddha polyherbal formulation Tulasi oil (SPFTO) – An in-vitro evaluation","authors":"Dr. S. Yavanarani, Dr. R. Selvakumar","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are many health hazards associated with diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, or both. Among the most life-threatening diseases, cancer presents many health hazards both in developed and developing countries, characterized by irregular cell proliferation. The prevalence of diabetes and cancer are escalating day by day and this shows the urgently require for the management of diabetes and cancer. Methods: In this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and anticancer potential of Siddha polyherbal formulation Tulasi oil (SPFTO) by glycosylation of hemoglobin assay, glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha amylase inhibition and MTT assay method, respectively. Results: The inhibition rate in all concentrations of Tulasi oil exhibited higher inhibition of glycosylation, glucose uptake in yeast cells assay and α amylase as compared with the standard drug. The cytotoxic activity for MCF7 cell line was 65.75% at 50 μg/mL concentration by MTT assay method. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the Siddha polyherbal formulation Tulasi oil has significant antidiabetic and antiproliferative activities.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74475558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.3
Prerna S Kapadi, V. H. Desai, Shailaja Mallya, Y. Sardessai
Background: Bioenzymes are organic products of fermentation of fruits/vegetables waste which have shown promising antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Following fermentation, the antibacterial properties of these Bioenzymes are enhanced multi-fold as organic substances after decomposing,yield bioactive compounds or phytochemicals. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial potency of Bioenzymes prepared using Emblica officinalis (Amla) fruit, Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) peel and Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus) petal and a mixture of all three. Method: 4 Types of Bioenzymes were prepared, 3 of them prepared using Amla, Hibiscus, Cucumber individually while the fourth one having equal parts of all three plant parts. These 4 types of Bioenzymes were prepared in two sets namely Set I (fermented for 12 weeks) and Set II (fermented for 25 days). All of these eight test samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, using the Agar well diffusion method against 5 Bacterial strains. Result: It was observed that Bioenzymes from both these sets were capable of successfully producing large zone of inhibition. Bioenzymes from Set I were also analysed to determine their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against S. aureus and it was observed that Amla Bioenzyme Set I and Mixture Bioenzyme Set I was found to be at 50% concentration. Conclusion: The Bioenzymes have shown the potential to act as promising antimicrobial agents against various pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Estimation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Bio-enzyme Extracts","authors":"Prerna S Kapadi, V. H. Desai, Shailaja Mallya, Y. Sardessai","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bioenzymes are organic products of fermentation of fruits/vegetables waste which have shown promising antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Following fermentation, the antibacterial properties of these Bioenzymes are enhanced multi-fold as organic substances after decomposing,yield bioactive compounds or phytochemicals. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial potency of Bioenzymes prepared using Emblica officinalis (Amla) fruit, Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) peel and Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis (Hibiscus) petal and a mixture of all three. Method: 4 Types of Bioenzymes were prepared, 3 of them prepared using Amla, Hibiscus, Cucumber individually while the fourth one having equal parts of all three plant parts. These 4 types of Bioenzymes were prepared in two sets namely Set I (fermented for 12 weeks) and Set II (fermented for 25 days). All of these eight test samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, using the Agar well diffusion method against 5 Bacterial strains. Result: It was observed that Bioenzymes from both these sets were capable of successfully producing large zone of inhibition. Bioenzymes from Set I were also analysed to determine their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against S. aureus and it was observed that Amla Bioenzyme Set I and Mixture Bioenzyme Set I was found to be at 50% concentration. Conclusion: The Bioenzymes have shown the potential to act as promising antimicrobial agents against various pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81970076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.2
N. Singh, Khushboo Bhange, Nikita Sherwani, V. Rai
Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be a good source to control human pathogens. In our research plan, soil samples were collected from Bhilai, India. The strains were isolated using yeast extract-malt extract agar medium and identified based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The antifungal activity of isolates was examined by the perpendicular streak plate as well as the agar well diffusion method. Out of 14 isolates, only 4 isolates (28.5%) showed antifungal activity. Further, one isolate showed the highest antifungal activity and was identified as Streptomyces antibioticus A8 based on PIB-Win software and the identification score was 0.99. Antifungal activity of new isolate Streptomyces antibioticus A8 against the T. rubrum MTCC 296, with a zone of inhibition 28±0.0 mm, whereas minimum activity was recorded against A. niger MTCC 872 with the zone of inhibition 9±0.0 mm. antifungal activity against C.albicans ATCC10231, C.albicans ATCC90028, C. albicans ATCC24433, C.albicans MTCC183, C.tropicalis MTCC184, A.alternata MTCC 1779 was recorded as 20±0.0mm, 17±0.0 mm, 17±0.0 mm, 15±0.5 mm, 14±0.0 mm and 11±0.0 mm respectively by agar well diffusion method. Further, discovering new antimicrobial-producingmicrobes probably will be helpful for uncovering novel therapeutic agents against a broad range of pathogenic organisms.
{"title":"Antifungal Potential of Actinomycetes Isolated from Region of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"N. Singh, Khushboo Bhange, Nikita Sherwani, V. Rai","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be a good source to control human pathogens. In our research plan, soil samples were collected from Bhilai, India. The strains were isolated using yeast extract-malt extract agar medium and identified based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The antifungal activity of isolates was examined by the perpendicular streak plate as well as the agar well diffusion method. Out of 14 isolates, only 4 isolates (28.5%) showed antifungal activity. Further, one isolate showed the highest antifungal activity and was identified as Streptomyces antibioticus A8 based on PIB-Win software and the identification score was 0.99. Antifungal activity of new isolate Streptomyces antibioticus A8 against the T. rubrum MTCC 296, with a zone of inhibition 28±0.0 mm, whereas minimum activity was recorded against A. niger MTCC 872 with the zone of inhibition 9±0.0 mm. antifungal activity against C.albicans ATCC10231, C.albicans ATCC90028, C. albicans ATCC24433, C.albicans MTCC183, C.tropicalis MTCC184, A.alternata MTCC 1779 was recorded as 20±0.0mm, 17±0.0 mm, 17±0.0 mm, 15±0.5 mm, 14±0.0 mm and 11±0.0 mm respectively by agar well diffusion method. Further, discovering new antimicrobial-producingmicrobes probably will be helpful for uncovering novel therapeutic agents against a broad range of pathogenic organisms.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75360987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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