Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.1
Sharnita Nadella, Dr. Sheetal Harakuni
Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be a good source to control human pathogens. In our research plan, soil samples were collected from Bhilai, India. The strains were isolated using yeast extract-malt extract agar medium and identified based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The antifungal activity of isolates was examined by the perpendicular streak plate as well as the agar well diffusion method. Out of 14 isolates, only 4 isolates (28.5%) showed antifungal activity. Further, one isolate showed the highest antifungal activity and was identified as Streptomyces antibioticus A8 based on PIB-Win software and the identification score was 0.99. Antifungal activity of new isolate Streptomyces antibioticus A8 against the T. rubrum MTCC 296, with a zone of inhibition 28±0.0 mm, whereas minimum activity was recorded against A. niger MTCC 872 with the zone of inhibition 9±0.0 mm. antifungal activity against C.albicans ATCC10231, C.albicans ATCC90028, C. albicans ATCC24433, C.albicans MTCC183, C.tropicalis MTCC184, A.alternata MTCC 1779 was recorded as 20±0.0mm, 17±0.0 mm, 17±0.0 mm, 15±0.5 mm, 14±0.0 mm and 11±0.0 mm respectively by agar well diffusion method. Further, discovering new antimicrobial-producingmicrobes probably will be helpful for uncovering novel therapeutic agents against a broad range of pathogenic organisms.
{"title":"Study on Bio-film forming bacterial pathogens in diabetic foot ulcer","authors":"Sharnita Nadella, Dr. Sheetal Harakuni","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v24i01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be a good source to control human pathogens. In our research plan, soil samples were collected from Bhilai, India. The strains were isolated using yeast extract-malt extract agar medium and identified based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The antifungal activity of isolates was examined by the perpendicular streak plate as well as the agar well diffusion method. Out of 14 isolates, only 4 isolates (28.5%) showed antifungal activity. Further, one isolate showed the highest antifungal activity and was identified as Streptomyces antibioticus A8 based on PIB-Win software and the identification score was 0.99. Antifungal activity of new isolate Streptomyces antibioticus A8 against the T. rubrum MTCC 296, with a zone of inhibition 28±0.0 mm, whereas minimum activity was recorded against A. niger MTCC 872 with the zone of inhibition 9±0.0 mm. antifungal activity against C.albicans ATCC10231, C.albicans ATCC90028, C. albicans ATCC24433, C.albicans MTCC183, C.tropicalis MTCC184, A.alternata MTCC 1779 was recorded as 20±0.0mm, 17±0.0 mm, 17±0.0 mm, 15±0.5 mm, 14±0.0 mm and 11±0.0 mm respectively by agar well diffusion method. Further, discovering new antimicrobial-producingmicrobes probably will be helpful for uncovering novel therapeutic agents against a broad range of pathogenic organisms.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89508204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.3
Ashitha K. Sanuj, Sithara Parveen
Color is the most crucial aspect of any item since it improves its attractiveness and acceptability. Different dyes are available in the market which makes their way to different industries. Synthetic colors are more reliable and less expensive than natural colors, but due to health hazards, few remain prohibited. In dye, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, widely use innocuous pigments from microbes. The work focuses on isolating the pigment-producing bacteria from soil and investigate several parameters that influence pigment synthesis. Bio colorant derived from A1 and A2 were applied on cotton fabric with pigment extracted by the solvent method. Different temperature, pH, incubation, and static and shaking conditions were investigated in this study. Biochemical and Molecular analysis identified both isolates A1 and A2 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SalinococcusI roseus. This work demonstrated pigment production was good under neutral pH and at shaking conditions. Both isolates showed different incubation times for pigment synthesis. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited antibacterial action against the test pathogens E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"Isolation, Optimization and Application of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Soil","authors":"Ashitha K. Sanuj, Sithara Parveen","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Color is the most crucial aspect of any item since it improves its attractiveness and acceptability. Different dyes are available in the market which makes their way to different industries. Synthetic colors are more reliable and less expensive than natural colors, but due to health hazards, few remain prohibited. In dye, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, widely use innocuous pigments from microbes. The work focuses on isolating the pigment-producing bacteria from soil and investigate several parameters that influence pigment synthesis. Bio colorant derived from A1 and A2 were applied on cotton fabric with pigment extracted by the solvent method. Different temperature, pH, incubation, and static and shaking conditions were investigated in this study. Biochemical and Molecular analysis identified both isolates A1 and A2 as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SalinococcusI roseus. This work demonstrated pigment production was good under neutral pH and at shaking conditions. Both isolates showed different incubation times for pigment synthesis. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited antibacterial action against the test pathogens E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87658564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.2
N. Sachdeva, M. Suryavanshi, J. Jaipuria, Vandana Bhushan, K. Sharma
Purpose: The world health organization (WHO) in 2009 in their consensus recommendation on hand hygiene has suggested two formulations of hand sanitizers which are also the basis of main components of most commercial and medical grade hand sanitizers today.We evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of ten different hand sanitizers (seven commercial including herbal (sanitizer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10) and three of medical grade (sanitizers 6, 7 and 8). Method: The efficacy of hand sanitizers was checked against five ATCC strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. Experiment was performed in three parts. The first part was performed in triplicate to see the zone of inhibition for each sanitizer. The second part was performed to see the duration of action of each hand sanitizer and third part (in triplicates) was performed to see the efficacy of active components individually (alcohol and disinfectant in different dilutions).Results: Sanitizers with ethanol and chlorhexidine as main ingredients (6 and 8) showed zone of inhibition for all tested gram positive and negative bacteria. Sanitizer 7 (propanol and mecetronium ethyl sulphate as main components) showed zone of inhibition for all tested bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other hand sanitizers did not show any zone of inhibition after incubation for 24 hours at 37oC. For second part hand sanitizer 6inhibited growth for all bacteria at all-time points (15, 30, 45 and60 seconds) and Sanitizer 8(ethanol and chlorhexidine as main components) showed growth inhibition only after 15seconds. Other hand sanitizers did not show any growth inhibition. For the third part, all dilutions of ethanol and propanol (60%, 70% and 80%) were unable to inhibit growth of any ATCC strain. Disinfectant 2.5v/v chlorhexidine was able to inhibit all five bacteria.0.2 gm mecetronium ethyl sulphate showed inhibition for all except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Hand sanitizers with alcohol only as their main ingredient were unable to inhibit growth of ATCC strains. Hand sanitizers with both alcohol and disinfectant performed better .These findings preludes for further in vivo studies to validate 2009-WHO hand sanitizer preparations and suggest modifications.
{"title":"Time to relook at formulationsrecommended for hand sanitizers formulations -An in vitro study","authors":"N. Sachdeva, M. Suryavanshi, J. Jaipuria, Vandana Bhushan, K. Sharma","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The world health organization (WHO) in 2009 in their consensus recommendation on hand hygiene has suggested two formulations of hand sanitizers which are also the basis of main components of most commercial and medical grade hand sanitizers today.We evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of ten different hand sanitizers (seven commercial including herbal (sanitizer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10) and three of medical grade (sanitizers 6, 7 and 8). Method: The efficacy of hand sanitizers was checked against five ATCC strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. Experiment was performed in three parts. The first part was performed in triplicate to see the zone of inhibition for each sanitizer. The second part was performed to see the duration of action of each hand sanitizer and third part (in triplicates) was performed to see the efficacy of active components individually (alcohol and disinfectant in different dilutions).Results: Sanitizers with ethanol and chlorhexidine as main ingredients (6 and 8) showed zone of inhibition for all tested gram positive and negative bacteria. Sanitizer 7 (propanol and mecetronium ethyl sulphate as main components) showed zone of inhibition for all tested bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other hand sanitizers did not show any zone of inhibition after incubation for 24 hours at 37oC. For second part hand sanitizer 6inhibited growth for all bacteria at all-time points (15, 30, 45 and60 seconds) and Sanitizer 8(ethanol and chlorhexidine as main components) showed growth inhibition only after 15seconds. Other hand sanitizers did not show any growth inhibition. For the third part, all dilutions of ethanol and propanol (60%, 70% and 80%) were unable to inhibit growth of any ATCC strain. Disinfectant 2.5v/v chlorhexidine was able to inhibit all five bacteria.0.2 gm mecetronium ethyl sulphate showed inhibition for all except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: Hand sanitizers with alcohol only as their main ingredient were unable to inhibit growth of ATCC strains. Hand sanitizers with both alcohol and disinfectant performed better .These findings preludes for further in vivo studies to validate 2009-WHO hand sanitizer preparations and suggest modifications.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75818174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.5
N. Gautam, Vipin Kumar, M. -, A. Kanga
Introduction: TrueNat is a chip-based qRT-PCR that shortens the turnaround time and thus helps in prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 and early contact tracing. In tertiary care setups, TrueNat can be utilized in emergency departments to decide the course of management of suspected COVID-19 patients. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TrueNat Beta CoV E gene Screening assay, by comparing it with RT-PCR kits and assessing its utility in emergency setting. Materials and methods: We analysed nasopharyngeal swabs of 100 patients over a period of 3 months, extracting their RNA and subjecting these to PCR using TrueNat microPCR Beta CoV E gene screening chips and three commercially available ICMR approved RT-PCR kits. Results: There was 100% concordance among all the kits for the detection of E gene in all the 100 samples. 40 RNAs showed the presence of E gene of which 34 had a positive result for confirmatory genes. (N gene, ORF gene and RdRp gene). Conclusion: TrueNat Beta CoV E gene screening assay is beneficial as it has comparable sensitivity and specificity to the RT-PCR kits for detection of E gene.
{"title":"TrueNat for COVID-19 detection: An ideal screening option in emergency","authors":"N. Gautam, Vipin Kumar, M. -, A. Kanga","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: TrueNat is a chip-based qRT-PCR that shortens the turnaround time and thus helps in prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 and early contact tracing. In tertiary care setups, TrueNat can be utilized in emergency departments to decide the course of management of suspected COVID-19 patients.\u0000Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TrueNat Beta CoV E gene Screening assay, by comparing it with RT-PCR kits and assessing its utility in emergency setting.\u0000Materials and methods: We analysed nasopharyngeal swabs of 100 patients over a period of 3 months, extracting their RNA and subjecting these to PCR using TrueNat microPCR Beta CoV E gene screening chips and three commercially available ICMR approved RT-PCR kits.\u0000Results: There was 100% concordance among all the kits for the detection of E gene in all the 100 samples. 40 RNAs showed the presence of E gene of which 34 had a positive result for confirmatory genes. (N gene, ORF gene and RdRp gene).\u0000Conclusion: TrueNat Beta CoV E gene screening assay is beneficial as it has comparable sensitivity and specificity to the RT-PCR kits for detection of E gene.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77548767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.1
S. Deka, D. Kalita, G. Badoni, M. Paul
Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is highly prevalent in man and other warm-blooded animals. Most of the affected adults do not manifest any serious illness, but it can cause mental retardation and blindness in congenitally infected children and serious illness in immunocompromised individuals. We aimed to study the disease burden and clinical manifestations of Toxoplasma seropositive patients in the hilly region of North India. Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January-2018 and December-2019.Sera of suspected cases of toxoplasmosis were examined for presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody index of >1.1 was interpreted as positive. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records maintained in the department. Result: Out of 174 included cases, 70 (40.22%) cases showed positivity to both IgG and IgM antibodies. Most of the suspected cases were sent from the Pediatrics department followed by Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology and General Medicine. Majority of the patients (45.7%) presented with mild non-specific symptoms like fever, malaise and generalized weakness and lymphadenopathy in 25.7%. Ocular and neurological manifestations were observed in 21.4% and 20% respectively. Other rare presentations were hepatic, cutaneous, pulmonary and endocrine diseases. More than one clinical feature could be found in one patient. Co-infection with HIV and Tuberculosis was found in 8.6% and 5.7% respectively. 20% cases were associated with congenital anomalies; while 18.6% cases were detected in routine anti-natal screening. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in this hilly region showing wide variety of clinical manifestations. Therefore, prevention and control policies mainly targeting the anti-natal cases are the need of the hour.
{"title":"Trends of seropositivity and clinical spectra of Toxoplasmosis- A two-year observational study from a tertiary care centre in North India","authors":"S. Deka, D. Kalita, G. Badoni, M. Paul","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is highly prevalent in man and other warm-blooded animals. Most of the affected adults do not manifest any serious illness, but it can cause mental retardation and blindness in congenitally infected children and serious illness in immunocompromised individuals. We aimed to study the disease burden and clinical manifestations of Toxoplasma seropositive patients in the hilly region of North India.\u0000Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January-2018 and December-2019.Sera of suspected cases of toxoplasmosis were examined for presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG and IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody index of >1.1 was interpreted as positive. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records maintained in the department.\u0000Result: Out of 174 included cases, 70 (40.22%) cases showed positivity to both IgG and IgM antibodies. Most of the suspected cases were sent from the Pediatrics department followed by Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology and General Medicine. Majority of the patients (45.7%) presented with mild non-specific symptoms like fever, malaise and generalized weakness and lymphadenopathy in 25.7%. Ocular and neurological manifestations were observed in 21.4% and 20% respectively. Other rare presentations were hepatic, cutaneous, pulmonary and endocrine diseases. More than one clinical feature could be found in one patient. Co-infection with HIV and Tuberculosis was found in 8.6% and 5.7% respectively. 20% cases were associated with congenital anomalies; while 18.6% cases were detected in routine anti-natal screening.\u0000Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent in this hilly region showing wide variety of clinical manifestations. Therefore, prevention and control policies mainly targeting the anti-natal cases are the need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86658260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.4
M. Maladkar
Background and Objective: Antibiotic resistance has become the most importunate health issue and remains a major public health concern worldwide. Production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the major causes of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Several in-vitro studies have demonstrated the significant impact of inoculum size on the effectiveness of β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. Higher concentration of β-lactamase inhibitor (Sulbactam) will be needed to combat the increased production of ESBLs in infections with high inoculum. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, against Ceftriaxone alone and Ceftriaxone with Sulbactam combination (1:1 and 2:1) in presence of normal and higher inoculum of these bacteria. The secondary objective of the study is to demonstrate the in-vitro efficacy of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam (CS) in presence of higher inoculum of bacteria. Method: ESBL producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K pneumoniae 30 each) were isolated from patient samples. MIC of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactam alone and in combination (1:1 and 2:1) was determined in presence of both normal (105CFU/ml) and higher inoculum (107CFU/ml) of these bacteria using micro broth dilution method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resultsand Conclusion: The study finds an inoculum effect with Ceftriaxone. After addition of Sulbactam, MIC value for Ceftriaxone was reduced by 4-128 folds and 2-32 folds in ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively. The findings of the present study demonstrated that CS at 1:1 ratio has better in-vitro activity against ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae than at a 2:1 ratio in both normal bacterial inoculum and higher bacterial inoculum. This is suggestive of the need for the 1:1 ratio combination of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam in management of severe infections caused by ESBL producing organisms.
{"title":"The effect of inoculum size on the activity of different ratios of Ceftriaxone – Sulbactam [(1:1) vs. (2:1)] against ESBL producing organisms","authors":"M. Maladkar","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Antibiotic resistance has become the most importunate health issue and remains a major public health concern worldwide. Production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the major causes of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Several in-vitro studies have demonstrated the significant impact of inoculum size on the effectiveness of β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. Higher concentration of β-lactamase inhibitor (Sulbactam) will be needed to combat the increased production of ESBLs in infections with high inoculum. The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, against Ceftriaxone alone and Ceftriaxone with Sulbactam combination (1:1 and 2:1) in presence of normal and higher inoculum of these bacteria. The secondary objective of the study is to demonstrate the in-vitro efficacy of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam (CS) in presence of higher inoculum of bacteria. Method: ESBL producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K pneumoniae 30 each) were isolated from patient samples. MIC of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactam alone and in combination (1:1 and 2:1) was determined in presence of both normal (105CFU/ml) and higher inoculum (107CFU/ml) of these bacteria using micro broth dilution method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resultsand Conclusion: The study finds an inoculum effect with Ceftriaxone. After addition of Sulbactam, MIC value for Ceftriaxone was reduced by 4-128 folds and 2-32 folds in ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively. The findings of the present study demonstrated that CS at 1:1 ratio has better in-vitro activity against ESBL producing strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae than at a 2:1 ratio in both normal bacterial inoculum and higher bacterial inoculum. This is suggestive of the need for the 1:1 ratio combination of Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam in management of severe infections caused by ESBL producing organisms.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86785796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.004
N. Pal, Anirban Pal, D. Kundu, P. Dutta
A 65 years old diabetic female, presented with swelling of left eye and multiple discharging sinuses near the inner canthus of the left eye. She had a history of recent COVID-19 infection and was treated with steroids. The pus from peri-orbital sinuses, in KOH stain showed presence of broad, non-septate, right-angle branching fungal filaments. An early microbiological diagnosis of Mucormycosis, based on the direct smear findings substantiated the clinical diagnosis and helped the patient to get timely treatment. We emphasize that a request for an early microbiological diagnosis may affect the outcome in this highly invasive fatal disease.
{"title":"A case report of Sino-orbital Mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient from eastern India: a “Red-alert” to physicians emphasizing the importance of early microbiological diagnosis","authors":"N. Pal, Anirban Pal, D. Kundu, P. Dutta","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"A 65 years old diabetic female, presented with swelling of left eye and multiple discharging sinuses near the inner canthus of the left eye. She had a history of recent COVID-19 infection and was treated with steroids. The pus from peri-orbital sinuses, in KOH stain showed presence of broad, non-septate, right-angle branching fungal filaments. An early microbiological diagnosis of Mucormycosis, based on the direct smear findings substantiated the clinical diagnosis and helped the patient to get timely treatment. We emphasize that a request for an early microbiological diagnosis may affect the outcome in this highly invasive fatal disease.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84431748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.002
R. Ranjithkumar, R. Reddy, S. Girisham, Sumitra Reddy
Production of phytase by three thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces luteus and Rhizomucor pusillus under different cultural conditions was assessed. Temperature of 45°C, pH-6.0 were optimum for phytase production by the all three fungi under investigation . Carbon and nitrogen sources for production of phytases by the three thermophilic fungi varied with the fungus. When T. lanuginosus opted for D-glucose followed by D-fructose, T. luteus preferred D-glucose, D-mannose and mannitol for production a phytase. On the other hand, R. pusillus produced maximum phytase during its growth on mannitol and maltose as carbon source. L- asparagine, L- arginine and L-asparatic acid were preferred nitrogen sources for production of phytase by T. lanuginosus. On the other hand T. luteus, opted for L- asparagine, L-glutamic acid and L- glycine for the activity of phytase. R. pusillus produced maximum phytase in medium containing L-argine, L-asparagine and L- asparatic acid.
{"title":"Production of Phytase by three thermophilic fungi","authors":"R. Ranjithkumar, R. Reddy, S. Girisham, Sumitra Reddy","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Production of phytase by three thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces luteus and Rhizomucor pusillus under different cultural conditions was assessed. Temperature of 45°C, pH-6.0 were optimum for phytase production by the all three fungi under investigation . Carbon and nitrogen sources for production of phytases by the three thermophilic fungi varied with the fungus. When T. lanuginosus opted for D-glucose followed by D-fructose, T. luteus preferred D-glucose, D-mannose and mannitol for production a phytase. On the other hand, R. pusillus produced maximum phytase during its growth on mannitol and maltose as carbon source. L- asparagine, L- arginine and L-asparatic acid were preferred nitrogen sources for production of phytase by T. lanuginosus. On the other hand T. luteus, opted for L- asparagine, L-glutamic acid and L- glycine for the activity of phytase. R. pusillus produced maximum phytase in medium containing L-argine, L-asparagine and L- asparatic acid.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80274335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.003
Uma Shankar Saha, Minakshi Gupta, M. Mishra, Rajan Chaudhry, S. Rai
Rapidly increasing COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 in whole world caused a tremendous pressure on existing diagnostic setup to give accurate diagnosis on time by gold standard RT-PCR technique forcing scientist to think beyond RT-PCR which ultimately ended with invent of Rapid antigen test which can give about 100% specific and rapid result but may miss many case due to low sensitivity. So we wanted to evaluate the Rapid antigen test against RT-PCR for its diagnostic accuracy. We followed standard procedure for sample collection, Rapid antigen test and RT-PCR test. In about one and half month span we collected 554 antigen negative samples in our hospital. About 13% sample (74/554) turned out as positive by RT-PCR test. About 40 % (30/74) positive samples had low Ct value (<25) indicating higher viral load present in those patients. Above findings indicate that only antigen test will miss a significant portion of positive cases with higher viral load which may complicate the pandemic by unknowingly spreading the virus within the society. So we should try to improve our infrastructure to carry out more RTPCR test so we can detect more cases to identify and isolate them from others to prevent or slowdown the transmission chain.
{"title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Rapid Antigen Test against RT-PCR and its Correlation with Cycle Threshold (CT) values: an Institutional Experience","authors":"Uma Shankar Saha, Minakshi Gupta, M. Mishra, Rajan Chaudhry, S. Rai","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Rapidly increasing COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 in whole world caused a tremendous pressure on existing diagnostic setup to give accurate diagnosis on time by gold standard RT-PCR technique forcing scientist to think beyond RT-PCR which ultimately ended with invent of Rapid antigen test which can give about 100% specific and rapid result but may miss many case due to low sensitivity.\u0000So we wanted to evaluate the Rapid antigen test against RT-PCR for its diagnostic accuracy. We followed standard procedure for sample collection, Rapid antigen test and RT-PCR test. \u0000In about one and half month span we collected 554 antigen negative samples in our hospital. About 13% sample (74/554) turned out as positive by RT-PCR test. About 40 % (30/74) positive samples had low Ct value (<25) indicating higher viral load present in those patients. Above findings indicate that only antigen test will miss a significant portion of positive cases with higher viral load which may complicate the pandemic by unknowingly spreading the virus within the society. So we should try to improve our infrastructure to carry out more RTPCR test so we can detect more cases to identify and isolate them from others to prevent or slowdown the transmission chain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73587579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.005
Shraddha Ratnaparkhe, D. Mali
Inflammation is a complex mechanism in response to any infection, injury, or irritation. The prolonged inflammation leads to tissue damage and loss of function result in various disease conditions like osteoarthritis, and autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and Crohn’s disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to control inflammatory response and prevent tissue damage .Cyanobacteria are rich sources of phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Because of ease of cultivation and faster growth rate than plants, they are preferred candidates over plants. This study focuses on screening of cyanobacterial isolates for their anti-inflammatory activity. The human erythrocytes (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay indicated the potential of whole cell extracts of cyanobacteria to stabilize lysosomal membrane and thereby prevent tissue damage by lysosomal chemokines and enzymes. The trypsin inhibition assay is an indicator for potential to inhibit proteinases and decelerate tissue damage. The whole cell extracts of 10 cyanobacterial isolates of different genus namely Weistellopsis, Pseudophormidium, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Phormidium, Chlorella, Hapalosiphon under study showed 85%-94% membrane stabilization in hypotonicity induced hemolysis and 92% to 97% membrane stabilization in heat induced hemolysis. The test extracts also showed 48% to 52% inhibition of trypsin. Thus, the isolates under study have application as anti-inflammatory agent.
{"title":"STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF WHOLE CELL EXRACTS OF CYANOBACTERIA BY MEMBRANE STABILIZATION & TRYPSIN INHIBITION ASSAY","authors":"Shraddha Ratnaparkhe, D. Mali","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2021.v23i01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is a complex mechanism in response to any infection, injury, or irritation. The prolonged inflammation leads to tissue damage and loss of function result in various disease conditions like osteoarthritis, and autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and Crohn’s disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to control inflammatory response and prevent tissue damage .Cyanobacteria are rich sources of phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Because of ease of cultivation and faster growth rate than plants, they are preferred candidates over plants. This study focuses on screening of cyanobacterial isolates for their anti-inflammatory activity. The human erythrocytes (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay indicated the potential of whole cell extracts of cyanobacteria to stabilize lysosomal membrane and thereby prevent tissue damage by lysosomal chemokines and enzymes. The trypsin inhibition assay is an indicator for potential to inhibit proteinases and decelerate tissue damage. The whole cell extracts of 10 cyanobacterial isolates of different genus namely Weistellopsis, Pseudophormidium, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Phormidium, Chlorella, Hapalosiphon under study showed 85%-94% membrane stabilization in hypotonicity induced hemolysis and 92% to 97% membrane stabilization in heat induced hemolysis. The test extracts also showed 48% to 52% inhibition of trypsin. Thus, the isolates under study have application as anti-inflammatory agent.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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