Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.006
N. Jaggi, A. Pandey, Ashima Jain
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causative pathogen for respiratory infections, meningitis, urinary tract infections, enteritis and septicemia. Aberrant forms of this bacteria and some other gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli etc. have been reported mostly in samples of patients on antibiotics. Here, we report 2 patients with respiratory illnesses, with prior antibiotic exposure history showing filamentous structures with central enlargement and capsular halo on gram stain and Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown in cultures of both respiratory specimens.
{"title":"Abnormal morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Respiratory Samples: A microscopic observation","authors":"N. Jaggi, A. Pandey, Ashima Jain","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common causative pathogen for respiratory infections, meningitis, urinary tract infections, enteritis and septicemia. Aberrant forms of this bacteria and some other gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli etc. have been reported mostly in samples of patients on antibiotics. Here, we report 2 patients with respiratory illnesses, with prior antibiotic exposure history showing filamentous structures with central enlargement and capsular halo on gram stain and Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown in cultures of both respiratory specimens.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88776234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.005
Thass N, R. Vs
In the recent years, Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing gram negative bacteria are increasingly being reported worldwide .1 Extended spectrum β-lactamases are capable of conferring bacterial resistance to the penicillins, first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam (but not the cephamycins or carbapenems) by hydrolysis of these antibiotics. 2 Many Clinical Microbiology laboratories use double disc diffusion method to document ESBLs, which are subsequently reported to the clinicians. Performing genotypic tests for ESBLs in a routine microbiology laboratory is not feasible.
{"title":"Limitation of Double Disc Diffusion Method as a phenotypic confirmatory method for ESBL producing organisms in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory","authors":"Thass N, R. Vs","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing gram negative bacteria are increasingly being reported worldwide .1 Extended spectrum β-lactamases are capable of conferring bacterial resistance to the penicillins, first, second, and third generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam (but not the cephamycins or carbapenems) by hydrolysis of these antibiotics. 2 Many Clinical Microbiology laboratories use double disc diffusion method to document ESBLs, which are subsequently reported to the clinicians. Performing genotypic tests for ESBLs in a routine microbiology laboratory is not feasible.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.001
Baveja C.P., S. T, Talukdar B., Sharma V.K., Gupta R.K., Rakshit P.
: Purpose: Despite tremendous advancement, tuberculosis remains a major global health problem due to multidrug resistance and HIV infection. In children's, tubercular meningitis (TBM) is the main presentation than that of pulmonary as after disease neurological problems, are more serious. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important for correct treatment and better outcome. The conventional methods (microscopy and culture) are reported either to give false results or fail to respond at early stage. The molecular biology techniques have offered a ray of hope over it. Methods: In the present study, 30 suspected cases of TBM along with 15 controls representing other forms of meningitis and of pediatric age group were diagnosed using PCR and conventional methods. Results: Only two samples showed positivity by microscopy and six samples showed positivity by culture. On the other hand by PCR, a significantly higher number (17, including microscopy and culture positive) were positive for the presence of TBM. All the control samples were negative by both the methods. Conclusions: PCR was able to detect additional 11 cases reportedly negative by culture and microscopy. It shows that a big quantum left undiagnosed and hence untreated. These results suggest that PCR definitely have an advantage over conventional methods especially in case of TBM where non-treatment due to poor diagnosis may lead to high morbidity and mortality. More emphasis needs to be given to the adoption of such rapid diagnostic methods in case of infections where the start of treatment may affect the infection outcome.
{"title":"Utility of polymerase chain reaction technique in the diagnosis of tubercular meningitis in Indian children","authors":"Baveja C.P., S. T, Talukdar B., Sharma V.K., Gupta R.K., Rakshit P.","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.001","url":null,"abstract":": Purpose: Despite tremendous advancement, tuberculosis remains a major global health problem due to multidrug resistance and HIV infection. In children's, tubercular meningitis (TBM) is the main presentation than that of pulmonary as after disease neurological problems, are more serious. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important for correct treatment and better outcome. The conventional methods (microscopy and culture) are reported either to give false results or fail to respond at early stage. The molecular biology techniques have offered a ray of hope over it. Methods: In the present study, 30 suspected cases of TBM along with 15 controls representing other forms of meningitis and of pediatric age group were diagnosed using PCR and conventional methods. Results: Only two samples showed positivity by microscopy and six samples showed positivity by culture. On the other hand by PCR, a significantly higher number (17, including microscopy and culture positive) were positive for the presence of TBM. All the control samples were negative by both the methods. Conclusions: PCR was able to detect additional 11 cases reportedly negative by culture and microscopy. It shows that a big quantum left undiagnosed and hence untreated. These results suggest that PCR definitely have an advantage over conventional methods especially in case of TBM where non-treatment due to poor diagnosis may lead to high morbidity and mortality. More emphasis needs to be given to the adoption of such rapid diagnostic methods in case of infections where the start of treatment may affect the infection outcome.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.010
A LutfanaBanu, C Soundhari
The development of the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract has received appreciable attention because of the easy preparation methods, less use of chemicals, and is also environment friendly. Hence green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticle using ethanolic leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis and to evaluate its antidermatophytic activity was attempted in the study. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated a change in color. The morphological image of the TiO2 NPs was observed in a scanning electron microscope, which showed irregular structure with an average size of 71.125nm. The inhibitory activity of synthesized TiO2 NP on the dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes and M.gypseum at concentrations from 2000μg/ml to 31.25μg/ml was evaluated by Disc diffusion method. The ethanolic extract derived TiO2 NP could inhibit T. mentagrophytes significantly with a zone of 30 mm diameter at a MIC of 1000μg/ml, 28mm at 500μg/ml, and 25mm at 250μg/ml. Amphotericin B at a concentration of 1000μg/ml produced an inhibitory zone of 43mm dia. The results hence demonstrate potential anti dermatophytic activity of ethanolic extract of L. Inermis
{"title":"Anti-Dermatophytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle synthesized using Lawsonia inermis","authors":"A LutfanaBanu, C Soundhari","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.010","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract has received appreciable attention because of the easy preparation methods, less use of chemicals, and is also environment friendly. Hence green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticle using ethanolic leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis and to evaluate its antidermatophytic activity was attempted in the study. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated a change in color. The morphological image of the TiO2 NPs was observed in a scanning electron microscope, which showed irregular structure with an average size of 71.125nm. The inhibitory activity of synthesized TiO2 NP on the dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes and M.gypseum at concentrations from 2000μg/ml to 31.25μg/ml was evaluated by Disc diffusion method. The ethanolic extract derived TiO2 NP could inhibit T. mentagrophytes significantly with a zone of 30 mm diameter at a MIC of 1000μg/ml, 28mm at 500μg/ml, and 25mm at 250μg/ml. Amphotericin B at a concentration of 1000μg/ml produced an inhibitory zone of 43mm dia. The results hence demonstrate potential anti dermatophytic activity of ethanolic extract of L. Inermis","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90143027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.007
M. Robles, M.S. Jose Maria Cunill
{"title":"Aiding the Environment: Microorganisms for the Degradation of Plastic in Soil and Water","authors":"M. Robles, M.S. Jose Maria Cunill","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79231550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.001
S. S. Bowalekar, M. Qazi
{"title":"Acremonium Corneal Ulcer: A Threat to Patient’s Eye","authors":"S. S. Bowalekar, M. Qazi","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83238542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.011
M. Sangeetha, A. Sivarajan, R. Balagurunathan
{"title":"Diversity of Actinobacteria in Bamboo Ecosystems and its Antibiotic Activity Against MRSA","authors":"M. Sangeetha, A. Sivarajan, R. Balagurunathan","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78229938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.002
Olubode T.P, Oyelakin A.O, Olawale B.R1., B. A.S., Bada T.V
Purpose: The role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in food fermentation cannot be over emphasized. LAB being generally regarded as safe (GRAS) have certain functional properties that enhance its suitability as bio-preservatives. During fermentation of foods they are capable liberating certain metabolites that may be inhibitory or lethal to other microorganisms in the fermenting medium. In this regards, this study focused on the functional properties of LAB as bio-preservative for nunu production. Method: The lactic acid bacteria used in this work were isolated from fermented cow milk and were screened for their inhibitory effect, out of seven identified; Result: only four LAB strains were capable of this effect (Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum and L. plantarumB3). L. pentosus had the highest inhibitory zone which ranged from 11 mm to 12 mm on Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while the least inhibitory zone was produced by L. fermentum. L. pentosus acidified fermented cow milk within 18 hr of fermentation reducing acidity from 0-3.86 than other strains of LAB isolates. The proteolytic screening of LAB isolates revealed that L. pentosus had the highest zone (18 mm) while L. fermentum had the least proteolysis (12 mm) with no lipolysis. Conclusion: Nunu fermented with mixed culture of L. plantarum B3 and L. pentosus as well as single starter culture of L pentosus had better shelf life and kept for 5 days before spoilage occurred relative to 3 days observed for spontaneously fermented nunu.
{"title":"Bio-preservative effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented cow milk on nunu","authors":"Olubode T.P, Oyelakin A.O, Olawale B.R1., B. A.S., Bada T.V","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in food fermentation cannot be over emphasized. LAB being generally regarded as safe (GRAS) have certain functional properties that enhance its suitability as bio-preservatives. During fermentation of foods they are capable liberating certain metabolites that may be inhibitory or lethal to other microorganisms in the fermenting medium. In this regards, this study focused on the functional properties of LAB as bio-preservative for nunu production. Method: The lactic acid bacteria used in this work were isolated from fermented cow milk and were screened for their inhibitory effect, out of seven identified; Result: only four LAB strains were capable of this effect (Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum and L. plantarumB3). L. pentosus had the highest inhibitory zone which ranged from 11 mm to 12 mm on Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while the least inhibitory zone was produced by L. fermentum. L. pentosus acidified fermented cow milk within 18 hr of fermentation reducing acidity from 0-3.86 than other strains of LAB isolates. The proteolytic screening of LAB isolates revealed that L. pentosus had the highest zone (18 mm) while L. fermentum had the least proteolysis (12 mm) with no lipolysis. Conclusion: Nunu fermented with mixed culture of L. plantarum B3 and L. pentosus as well as single starter culture of L pentosus had better shelf life and kept for 5 days before spoilage occurred relative to 3 days observed for spontaneously fermented nunu.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"441 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75062805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.002
T. Mukherjee, M. Das
The use of freely suspended microbial cells for dye removal is limited owing to their inherent disadvantages such as clogging of cells, low mechanical strength of the biomass etc. Immobilized cells offer advantages over dispersed cells such as high cell density, strong endurance of toxicity for being high in numbers, lower operating costs, simple maintenance management and production of smaller residual sludge. In this study immobilized cell mass of a bacterial consortium, isolated from dye contaminated wastewater, was used to decolorize a mixture of triphenylmethane dyes: Malachite Green, Crystal violet and Basic Fuchsin. Among all the matrices studied calcium alginate showed maximum decolorization with immobilized biomass. Therefore, cells immobilized on calcium alginate matrix was considered for studying the removal of triphenylmethane dyes. Effects of various parameters viz. alginate concentration, bead size, bacterial cell numbers, initial dye concentration, time, pH and temperature were investigated in batch system. The optimum conditions for removal of the dyes were found to be pH 8, temperature 37°C, alginate concentration of 2% (w/v), a cell concentration of 1×10 cells/ml. The dye removal capacity of the immobilized cells decreased as the initial dye concentration increased.
{"title":"Decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes using immobilized cells of bacterial consortium","authors":"T. Mukherjee, M. Das","doi":"10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46798/ijam.2019.v22i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"The use of freely suspended microbial cells for dye removal is limited owing to their inherent disadvantages such as clogging of cells, low mechanical strength of the biomass etc. Immobilized cells offer advantages over dispersed cells such as high cell density, strong endurance of toxicity for being high in numbers, lower operating costs, simple maintenance management and production of smaller residual sludge. In this study immobilized cell mass of a bacterial consortium, isolated from dye contaminated wastewater, was used to decolorize a mixture of triphenylmethane dyes: Malachite Green, Crystal violet and Basic Fuchsin. Among all the matrices studied calcium alginate showed maximum decolorization with immobilized biomass. Therefore, cells immobilized on calcium alginate matrix was considered for studying the removal of triphenylmethane dyes. Effects of various parameters viz. alginate concentration, bead size, bacterial cell numbers, initial dye concentration, time, pH and temperature were investigated in batch system. The optimum conditions for removal of the dyes were found to be pH 8, temperature 37°C, alginate concentration of 2% (w/v), a cell concentration of 1×10 cells/ml. The dye removal capacity of the immobilized cells decreased as the initial dye concentration increased.","PeriodicalId":13518,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80260602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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