Farida Kurniawati, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra, Widiyanto Kurniawan, Abdul Rohman
People tend to consume traditional medicines compared to synthetic drugs due to their safety and low side effects. The high demand of traditional medicine consumption in public stimulates some traditional medicine industries illegally add medicinal chemicals into their products to elevate the therapeutic effect. In order to accelerate the monitoring program of product quality and safety, the availability of a rapid and reliable analytical method becomes a necessity. The research aims to determine the validity of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its application to simultaneously identify 12 aphrodisiac compounds in male sexual enhancer traditional medicine. The chromatography system used an ion modifier of 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was equipped with a triple quadrupole (TQD) as a mass analyzer in a positive mode of ESI. The analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. Qualitative analysis was performed using retention time (Rt) of peaks in each compound, within their value of m/z quantifier and qualifier ions. Method validation was performed by evaluating the profile of selectivity, precision, matrix effect, and limit of detection (LOD). A qualitative analysis of the selectivity test was carried out by comparing the retention times between the blank sample added with the reference standards (spiked sample) and those in reference standards, with a difference of ±1minute shifts. Precision analysis on intra-day precision gives results in the range of 2.0–8.6%. The method showed that there was no matrix effect with the extraction efficiency values ranging from 86.2 to 110.9%. The LOD values for the 12 compounds were in the range of 1.6 ± 0.58 to 18.2 ± 6.14 µg/g. The method can be applied to test 49 samples of male sexual enhancer traditional medicines consisting of powder, capsules, solutions, soft capsules, and caplets dosage forms. The tested samples contained 8 (eight) types of aphrodisiac compounds. This study shows that LC-MS can be used to confirm the content of aphrodisiac compounds in traditional medicinal samples.
{"title":"Simultaneous Analysis of 12 Aphrodisiacs in Traditional Medicine using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Farida Kurniawati, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra, Widiyanto Kurniawan, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.22146/ijp.5778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5778","url":null,"abstract":"People tend to consume traditional medicines compared to synthetic drugs due to their safety and low side effects. The high demand of traditional medicine consumption in public stimulates some traditional medicine industries illegally add medicinal chemicals into their products to elevate the therapeutic effect. In order to accelerate the monitoring program of product quality and safety, the availability of a rapid and reliable analytical method becomes a necessity. The research aims to determine the validity of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its application to simultaneously identify 12 aphrodisiac compounds in male sexual enhancer traditional medicine. The chromatography system used an ion modifier of 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was equipped with a triple quadrupole (TQD) as a mass analyzer in a positive mode of ESI. The analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. Qualitative analysis was performed using retention time (Rt) of peaks in each compound, within their value of m/z quantifier and qualifier ions. Method validation was performed by evaluating the profile of selectivity, precision, matrix effect, and limit of detection (LOD). A qualitative analysis of the selectivity test was carried out by comparing the retention times between the blank sample added with the reference standards (spiked sample) and those in reference standards, with a difference of ±1minute shifts. Precision analysis on intra-day precision gives results in the range of 2.0–8.6%. The method showed that there was no matrix effect with the extraction efficiency values ranging from 86.2 to 110.9%. The LOD values for the 12 compounds were in the range of 1.6 ± 0.58 to 18.2 ± 6.14 µg/g. The method can be applied to test 49 samples of male sexual enhancer traditional medicines consisting of powder, capsules, solutions, soft capsules, and caplets dosage forms. The tested samples contained 8 (eight) types of aphrodisiac compounds. This study shows that LC-MS can be used to confirm the content of aphrodisiac compounds in traditional medicinal samples.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients into liquid dosage form is frequently limited by solubility issues. Ethanol is commonly used as a cosolvent to improve the solubility of drugs. Due to the incomplete expression of ethanol metabolizing enzyme in children under 6 years, several drug authorities such as WHO, EMA, and FDA recommend avoiding the use of ethanol in pediatric formulation whenever possible. In addition to that Muslim consumers are regulated by the halal practice where excessive use of ethanol in pharmaceutical products should be avoided. Thus, it is necessary to explore an alternative co-solvent to reduce the use of ethanol in the pediatric formulation. This study is aimed to identify an alternative co-solvent to ethanol that is safe for the pediatric using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter approach. In this study, the solubility parameter of the model drug, MH2011, was determined using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter (HSP). The solubility parameter (δ) of MH2011 was determined using two approaches. The first method is by measuring the maximum solubility of the model drugs in the binary mixture of water and 1,4 dioxane. The second approach is by calculating solubility parameters based on Fedor’s group substitution method. Using binary solvent blend, the MH2011 solubility parameter was identified to be approximately 14.0 (cal/cm3 )½. This value is in agreement with the result of the second approach using Fedor’s Group substitution method which is 14. 4 (cal/cm3) ½. With this data, an alternate co-solvent to substitute ethanol was explored. The studies also suggested that propylene glycol 7% v/v may give solubility power as those of ethanol 7% (v/v). This study suggested that Hildebrand’s Solubility Parameter can be applied to identify an alternate co-solvent to ethanol. This cosolvent is important for the research area where the alcohol-free formulation is preferred such as in halal pharmaceuticals and pediatric liquid formulation.
{"title":"Application of Hildebrand Solubility Parameter to Identify Ethanol-Free Co-Solvent for Pediatric Formulation","authors":"M. Laksitorini, H. Purnomo","doi":"10.22146/ijp.6627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.6627","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients into liquid dosage form is frequently limited by solubility issues. Ethanol is commonly used as a cosolvent to improve the solubility of drugs. Due to the incomplete expression of ethanol metabolizing enzyme in children under 6 years, several drug authorities such as WHO, EMA, and FDA recommend avoiding the use of ethanol in pediatric formulation whenever possible. In addition to that Muslim consumers are regulated by the halal practice where excessive use of ethanol in pharmaceutical products should be avoided. Thus, it is necessary to explore an alternative co-solvent to reduce the use of ethanol in the pediatric formulation. This study is aimed to identify an alternative co-solvent to ethanol that is safe for the pediatric using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter approach. \u0000In this study, the solubility parameter of the model drug, MH2011, was determined using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter (HSP). The solubility parameter (δ) of MH2011 was determined using two approaches. The first method is by measuring the maximum solubility of the model drugs in the binary mixture of water and 1,4 dioxane. The second approach is by calculating solubility parameters based on Fedor’s group substitution method. \u0000Using binary solvent blend, the MH2011 solubility parameter was identified to be approximately 14.0 (cal/cm3 )½. This value is in agreement with the result of the second approach using Fedor’s Group substitution method which is 14. 4 (cal/cm3) ½. With this data, an alternate co-solvent to substitute ethanol was explored. The studies also suggested that propylene glycol 7% v/v may give solubility power as those of ethanol 7% (v/v). This study suggested that Hildebrand’s Solubility Parameter can be applied to identify an alternate co-solvent to ethanol. This cosolvent is important for the research area where the alcohol-free formulation is preferred such as in halal pharmaceuticals and pediatric liquid formulation.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Retnoaji, Pradnya Paramita, Luthfia Uswatun Khasanah
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a fruit originating from the tropics which belongs to the Clusiaceae family and has become a commodity with many enthusiasts from various countries. Previous research has shown that mangosteen peel extract has tremendous potential to be developed as an ingredient in herbal medicine. Mangosteen fruit contains anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine, antidiabetic, anticancer, and so on. The results of the phytochemical screening test of 95% ethanol extract on mangosteen rind showed that it contained flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins and polyphenols. There is no data on the effect of exposure to mangosteen pericarip simplicia, therefore it is necessary to study the effect of exposure to mangosteen peel decoction on animal models of Wader Pari Fish (Rasbora lateristriata), with parameters such as morphology and bone structure in larvae wader fish (Rasbora lateristriata). Alcian Blue Alizarin Red staining were used to study bone structure in wader fish (Rasbora lateristriata). Data were statistical analysis with SPSS ver. 25 and the significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The morphological examination results revealed that the embryo and larvae had no morphological abnormalities. The cranial cartilage examination also revealed that the larvae had no abnormalities, the length and the angle of the cranial cartilage did not change between the control and mangosteen pericarp simplicia treatment.
{"title":"Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. simplicia effect on bone structure and behaviour of Wader Fish Rasbora lateristriata (Bleeker, 1854) Embryo","authors":"B. Retnoaji, Pradnya Paramita, Luthfia Uswatun Khasanah","doi":"10.22146/ijp.6348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.6348","url":null,"abstract":"Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a fruit originating from the tropics which belongs to the Clusiaceae family and has become a commodity with many enthusiasts from various countries. Previous research has shown that mangosteen peel extract has tremendous potential to be developed as an ingredient in herbal medicine. Mangosteen fruit contains anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine, antidiabetic, anticancer, and so on. The results of the phytochemical screening test of 95% ethanol extract on mangosteen rind showed that it contained flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins and polyphenols. There is no data on the effect of exposure to mangosteen pericarip simplicia, therefore it is necessary to study the effect of exposure to mangosteen peel decoction on animal models of Wader Pari Fish (Rasbora lateristriata), with parameters such as morphology and bone structure in larvae wader fish (Rasbora lateristriata). Alcian Blue Alizarin Red staining were used to study bone structure in wader fish (Rasbora lateristriata). Data were statistical analysis with SPSS ver. 25 and the significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The morphological examination results revealed that the embryo and larvae had no morphological abnormalities. The cranial cartilage examination also revealed that the larvae had no abnormalities, the length and the angle of the cranial cartilage did not change between the control and mangosteen pericarp simplicia treatment.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72930863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heru Sasongko, Agung Endro Nugroho, Arief Nurrochmad, Abdul Rohman
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been linked to a number of long-term problems caused by diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways contribute to DN development and progression. Many studies have shown the preventive advantages of diets rich in substances like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant elements like omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) in preventing DN. Milkfish (Chanos chanos F.), patin (Pangasius micronema Blkr.), and snakehead fish (Chana striata Bloch) are types of fish oils that are known to contain n-3 FA. This study aims to prove the nephroprotective effect of the three types of fish oil in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Thirty male rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): the non-diabetic group, the diabetes mellitus group, the diabetic with 150 mg/kg metformin orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg milkfish oil orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg patin fish oil orally group, and the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg snakehead fish oil orally group. Diabetes models were induced using 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and 230 mg/kg nicotinamide intraperitoneally. The test was carried out for 8 weeks, followed by the observation of the biochemical profiles of blood, urine, oxidative stress, and the immunohistochemistry of the kidneys. A normally and homogeneously distributed test followed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the LSD post hoc test were used to look at the data. At p≤0.05, the data was considered statistically significant. The results showed that serum creatinine levels did not differ significantly after the administration of milkfish, catfish, and snakehead fish oil for 8 weeks (p≥0.05). Different results were shown where the levels of serum BUN, uric acid, urine urea, and microalbumin urine were significantly different after administration of the three types of fish oil (p≤0.05). The same results were shown in oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde) and inflammation (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) profiles (p≤0.05). The conclusion is that milkfish, patin, and snakehead fish oils have moderate nephroprotection by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
{"title":"Nephroprotective effect of milkfish, patin, and snakehead fish oil by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats","authors":"Heru Sasongko, Agung Endro Nugroho, Arief Nurrochmad, Abdul Rohman","doi":"10.22146/ijp.7725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.7725","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been linked to a number of long-term problems caused by diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways contribute to DN development and progression. Many studies have shown the preventive advantages of diets rich in substances like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant elements like omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) in preventing DN. Milkfish (Chanos chanos F.), patin (Pangasius micronema Blkr.), and snakehead fish (Chana striata Bloch) are types of fish oils that are known to contain n-3 FA. This study aims to prove the nephroprotective effect of the three types of fish oil in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Thirty male rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): the non-diabetic group, the diabetes mellitus group, the diabetic with 150 mg/kg metformin orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg milkfish oil orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg patin fish oil orally group, and the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg snakehead fish oil orally group. Diabetes models were induced using 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and 230 mg/kg nicotinamide intraperitoneally. The test was carried out for 8 weeks, followed by the observation of the biochemical profiles of blood, urine, oxidative stress, and the immunohistochemistry of the kidneys. A normally and homogeneously distributed test followed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the LSD post hoc test were used to look at the data. At p≤0.05, the data was considered statistically significant. The results showed that serum creatinine levels did not differ significantly after the administration of milkfish, catfish, and snakehead fish oil for 8 weeks (p≥0.05). Different results were shown where the levels of serum BUN, uric acid, urine urea, and microalbumin urine were significantly different after administration of the three types of fish oil (p≤0.05). The same results were shown in oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde) and inflammation (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) profiles (p≤0.05). The conclusion is that milkfish, patin, and snakehead fish oils have moderate nephroprotection by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135239740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and acute inflammation (hyperinflammation), and severe cases can lead to death. These symptoms tend to worsen if inflammation is not controlled. This research aims to build a stacked autoencoder deep neural network (SAE-DNN) model for identifying herbal compound candidates that can be used as anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19 treatment. The model’s performance is evaluated on the basis of different data representations. The research process involves data collection, data preprocessing, modeling, and testing the model on the herbal data to obtain herbal compound candidates. Results indicate that the developed SAE-DNN model with compound representation that combines fingerprints and dipeptide composition produces the best performance with an accuracy of 0.96722, a recall of 0.96419, area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.99596, and an F1 score of 0.96567. A total of 33 herbal compounds are found as candidate anti-inflammatory drugs by using the SAE-DNN model.
{"title":"Screening Herbal Compound Candidates for Use as Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment Using Deep Semisupervised Learning","authors":"Irfan Khalid","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3629","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath, and acute inflammation (hyperinflammation), and severe cases can lead to death. These symptoms tend to worsen if inflammation is not controlled. This research aims to build a stacked autoencoder deep neural network (SAE-DNN) model for identifying herbal compound candidates that can be used as anti-inflammatory drugs for COVID-19 treatment. The model’s performance is evaluated on the basis of different data representations. The research process involves data collection, data preprocessing, modeling, and testing the model on the herbal data to obtain herbal compound candidates. Results indicate that the developed SAE-DNN model with compound representation that combines fingerprints and dipeptide composition produces the best performance with an accuracy of 0.96722, a recall of 0.96419, area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.99596, and an F1 score of 0.96567. A total of 33 herbal compounds are found as candidate anti-inflammatory drugs by using the SAE-DNN model.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75716593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hariyadi, T. Erawati, N. Rosita, G. Desanto, Akbar Firman, Nurul Azizah, E. Hendradi, M. Rahmadi
Inhalation Ciprofloxacin HCl microspheres were formulated with combination of alginate and kappa carrageenan with a total of 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 2% (F3). Aim of this research is to examine effect of polymer concentration on characteristics, release, and lung deposition of microspheres. Microspheres were characterized including loading, efficiency, yield, size, moisture content, mucoadhesivity, and release. Deposition was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed spherical and smooth with size ofless than 2 µm. Loading showed about 18.55% to 29.65%. Entrapment efficiency was 52.86-76.29%. Yield was 49.83-70.72%. Swelling index was less than 10. For moisture content, all formulas demonstrated less than 6.5%. For mucoadhesivity, F1, F2, and F3 showed 0.0090 kg, 0.0217 kg, and 0.0329 kg respectively. It was found that increasing polymer concentration did not affect size, loading, efficiency, and yield of microspheres. Cumulative release at F1, F2, and F3 was 72.64%, 59.25%, and 47.66% respectively in 10 minutes at PBS pH 7.4 with burst release profile. In vivo showed that all formulas were able to deposit on rat lungs and it was found that the intensity were decreased at the 4th hour due to increase of polymer. Remaining intensity indicated that microspheres were able to maintain the drugs loaded.
{"title":"Influence of Polymer Combınatıon Concentratıon on The Characterıstıcs, In Vıtro Release And In Vıvo Lung Deposıtıon of Algınate-Carrageenan Mıcrospheres Encapsulatıng Cıprofloxacın HCl","authors":"D. Hariyadi, T. Erawati, N. Rosita, G. Desanto, Akbar Firman, Nurul Azizah, E. Hendradi, M. Rahmadi","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4162","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalation Ciprofloxacin HCl microspheres were formulated with combination of alginate and kappa carrageenan with a total of 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 2% (F3). Aim of this research is to examine effect of polymer concentration on characteristics, release, and lung deposition of microspheres. Microspheres were characterized including loading, efficiency, yield, size, moisture content, mucoadhesivity, and release. Deposition was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed spherical and smooth with size ofless than 2 µm. Loading showed about 18.55% to 29.65%. Entrapment efficiency was 52.86-76.29%. Yield was 49.83-70.72%. Swelling index was less than 10. For moisture content, all formulas demonstrated less than 6.5%. For mucoadhesivity, F1, F2, and F3 showed 0.0090 kg, 0.0217 kg, and 0.0329 kg respectively. It was found that increasing polymer concentration did not affect size, loading, efficiency, and yield of microspheres. Cumulative release at F1, F2, and F3 was 72.64%, 59.25%, and 47.66% respectively in 10 minutes at PBS pH 7.4 with burst release profile. In vivo showed that all formulas were able to deposit on rat lungs and it was found that the intensity were decreased at the 4th hour due to increase of polymer. Remaining intensity indicated that microspheres were able to maintain the drugs loaded.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83875195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Arifah, Agung Endro Nugroho, A. Rohman, W. Sujarwo
The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases has increased, and Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson is recognized for treating DM. Despite publications on T. crispa as an antidiabetic, there were no bibliometric reports on this topic. Thus, this study aimed to conduct bibliometric studies of existing articles on the preclinical trials of T. crispa in DM management. We used Scopus to obtain a bibliographic database of primary research related to the topic. There were 24 selected publications between 1989 and 2019. Data were analyzed with VOSviewer 1.6.16. Malaysia, John Radcliffe Hospital (United Kingdom), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Hamdan Noor, and Stephen J.H. Ashcroft (John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom) were the most impactful country, institution, source, and author, respectively. The majority and diverse fields of this topic were phytochemistry and pharmacology. Our analysis’s findings strengthen research collaboration and identify research gaps required for herbal medicine applications.
{"title":"A bibliometric approach to preclinical studies of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson as an antidiabetic","authors":"F. Arifah, Agung Endro Nugroho, A. Rohman, W. Sujarwo","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4963","url":null,"abstract":"The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases has increased, and Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson is recognized for treating DM. Despite publications on T. crispa as an antidiabetic, there were no bibliometric reports on this topic. Thus, this study aimed to conduct bibliometric studies of existing articles on the preclinical trials of T. crispa in DM management. We used Scopus to obtain a bibliographic database of primary research related to the topic. There were 24 selected publications between 1989 and 2019. Data were analyzed with VOSviewer 1.6.16. Malaysia, John Radcliffe Hospital (United Kingdom), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Hamdan Noor, and Stephen J.H. Ashcroft (John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom) were the most impactful country, institution, source, and author, respectively. The majority and diverse fields of this topic were phytochemistry and pharmacology. Our analysis’s findings strengthen research collaboration and identify research gaps required for herbal medicine applications.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88680763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah, Sri Tasminatun, M. S. Djati, Muhaimin Rifa’i, W. Widodo
Steroidal saponin compound in Dioscorea species is one of the crucial substance because it has some biological functions, such as immunomodulatory and anti-allergic agent. This study aims to analyze the effect of steroidal saponin of Dioscorea alata L. on CD4 T cells activation, cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-β. This study used primary lymphocyte cell which isolated from BALB/c mice spleen. Mice lymphocyte were cultured in the complete medium with presence of various concentrations (50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL) of three isolate of steroidal saponin of D. alata for 24 h. Diosgenin was used as positive control. After 24 h of treatment, the activation of lymphocyte, IL-4 and IL-5 production was determined by Flowcytometry analysis. Data were analyzed using student t-test with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. The results showed that the low concentration of Isolate 1 (12.5 µg/mL) was found to be effective to stimulate the activation of CD4 T cells, reduce the production of IL4 and IL-5 by CD4 T cells and increase TGF-β production. These results showed that a low concentration of steroidal saponin of D. alata could be considered as immunomodulatory and anti-allergic agent. Purification and identification of each isolate isolated from DAE is in progress.
{"title":"Steroidal Saponin Isolated from Dioscorea alata L. Extract Improve Digestive Tract Allergy in Balb/C Mice Induced by Ovalbumin","authors":"Sri Nabawiyati Nurul Makiyah, Sri Tasminatun, M. S. Djati, Muhaimin Rifa’i, W. Widodo","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4614","url":null,"abstract":"Steroidal saponin compound in Dioscorea species is one of the crucial substance because it has some biological functions, such as immunomodulatory and anti-allergic agent. This study aims to analyze the effect of steroidal saponin of Dioscorea alata L. on CD4 T cells activation, cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-β. This study used primary lymphocyte cell which isolated from BALB/c mice spleen. Mice lymphocyte were cultured in the complete medium with presence of various concentrations (50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL) of three isolate of steroidal saponin of D. alata for 24 h. Diosgenin was used as positive control. After 24 h of treatment, the activation of lymphocyte, IL-4 and IL-5 production was determined by Flowcytometry analysis. Data were analyzed using student t-test with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. The results showed that the low concentration of Isolate 1 (12.5 µg/mL) was found to be effective to stimulate the activation of CD4 T cells, reduce the production of IL4 and IL-5 by CD4 T cells and increase TGF-β production. These results showed that a low concentration of steroidal saponin of D. alata could be considered as immunomodulatory and anti-allergic agent. Purification and identification of each isolate isolated from DAE is in progress.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73532434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since steroids are prohibited to be present in cosmetic products, thus an identification of these outlawed compounds intentionally incorporated in skin whitening product is enough for market surveillance purpose. Simultaneous method for detecting prednisone (PRN), triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), clobetasole propionate (CBP), and mometasone furoate (MTF) has not been developed until now. The goals of this study were to develop and to validate for screening these five steroid compounds in cosmetic product by using reverse phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with photo diode array (PDA) detector. Validation method was applied including the system suitability test, determination of specificity and selectivity, and determination of detection limit. . In optimization step, we succeeded distinguish and identify five steroid compounds with different retention time.The retention times of PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF were detected at 3.267, 4.260, 4.910, 15.360, and 16.707 min, respectively. The method performed good selectivity with resolution more than 1.5. While for determination of limit of detection (LOD) was carried out by calibration curve approach over the range 0.5-5 µg/ml and resulted in LOD value for PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF were 7.20, 8.85, 8.17, 9.30, and 8.42 µg/g, respectively. The developed method can be applied for routine analysis of PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF in various type of cosmetic products.
{"title":"Development and Validation of HPLC–Photodiode Array Method for Detecting Steroids in Skin Whitening Products Simultaneously","authors":"Y. Yustina, Alfi Sophian","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3530","url":null,"abstract":"Since steroids are prohibited to be present in cosmetic products, thus an identification of these outlawed compounds intentionally incorporated in skin whitening product is enough for market surveillance purpose. Simultaneous method for detecting prednisone (PRN), triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), clobetasole propionate (CBP), and mometasone furoate (MTF) has not been developed until now. The goals of this study were to develop and to validate for screening these five steroid compounds in cosmetic product by using reverse phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with photo diode array (PDA) detector. Validation method was applied including the system suitability test, determination of specificity and selectivity, and determination of detection limit. . In optimization step, we succeeded distinguish and identify five steroid compounds with different retention time.The retention times of PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF were detected at 3.267, 4.260, 4.910, 15.360, and 16.707 min, respectively. The method performed good selectivity with resolution more than 1.5. While for determination of limit of detection (LOD) was carried out by calibration curve approach over the range 0.5-5 µg/ml and resulted in LOD value for PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF were 7.20, 8.85, 8.17, 9.30, and 8.42 µg/g, respectively. The developed method can be applied for routine analysis of PRN, TCA, HCA, CBP and MTF in various type of cosmetic products.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85327417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Almando Geraldi, Putu Angga Wiradana, I Gede Widhiantara, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan
In this review, we describe the known mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance which was increasing in this era, due to the misuse of antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, or genetic and phenotypic mechanisms. In this review, the concerns, especially addressed by designated researchers in their study and WHO in their observations and reports, regarding the types or strains of bacteria with antimicrobial resistances were described. In addition, the predicted mechanisms that promote the development and occurrence of antimicrobial resistances, such as bacterial biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, genetic mutations, free DNA which contains antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids transfer through transformation or conjugation from bacterial cell to cell were well described. In addition, we also tried to describe the use of Z. officinale. The antimicrobial capabilities of this herbal plant are attributed to its capacity to create many secondary metabolites with rather complicated structures that have antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Z. officinale had been used for many kinds of diseases treatment traditionally. And along the way, the advance techniques of research in chemistry and biology fields had found out the composition and bioactive compound. In this review, the common online databases such as PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Crossref, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were utilized to conduct literature searches. According to recent progress of antimicrobial cases observed, the efforts to strengthen the surveillance, general health systems, tightened the antimicrobial medicine distribution rules, and education for public are indeed needed.
在这篇综述中，我们描述了由于抗生素等抗微生物药物的滥用而在这个时代增加的已知抗微生物药物耐药性机制，或遗传和表型机制。在这篇综述中，描述了关于具有抗菌素耐药性的细菌类型或菌株的关注，特别是指定研究人员在其研究和世卫组织在其观察和报告中提出的关注。此外，还对细菌生物膜的形成、水平基因转移、基因突变、含有耐药基因的游离DNA、质粒在细胞间的转化或偶联转移等促进耐药发生和发展的机制进行了较好的描述。此外，我们还尝试描述了Z. officinale的用法。这种草本植物的抗菌能力是由于它能够产生许多具有抗菌和抗氧化特性的结构相当复杂的次级代谢物。传统上officinale用于多种疾病的治疗。在此过程中，化学和生物学领域的先进研究技术已经发现了其组成和生物活性化合物。本文利用PubMed、Semantic Scholar、Crossref、Medline、Scopus和Web of Science (WoS)等常用在线数据库进行文献检索。根据最近观察到的抗菌素病例进展情况，确实需要努力加强监测、一般卫生系统、收紧抗菌素药物分发规则和公众教育。
{"title":"An overview of the role of Zingiber officinale as an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) solution and a source of antioxidants","authors":"Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Almando Geraldi, Putu Angga Wiradana, I Gede Widhiantara, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan","doi":"10.22146/ijp.5307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5307","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we describe the known mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance which was increasing in this era, due to the misuse of antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, or genetic and phenotypic mechanisms. In this review, the concerns, especially addressed by designated researchers in their study and WHO in their observations and reports, regarding the types or strains of bacteria with antimicrobial resistances were described. In addition, the predicted mechanisms that promote the development and occurrence of antimicrobial resistances, such as bacterial biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, genetic mutations, free DNA which contains antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids transfer through transformation or conjugation from bacterial cell to cell were well described. In addition, we also tried to describe the use of Z. officinale. The antimicrobial capabilities of this herbal plant are attributed to its capacity to create many secondary metabolites with rather complicated structures that have antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Z. officinale had been used for many kinds of diseases treatment traditionally. And along the way, the advance techniques of research in chemistry and biology fields had found out the composition and bioactive compound. In this review, the common online databases such as PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Crossref, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were utilized to conduct literature searches. According to recent progress of antimicrobial cases observed, the efforts to strengthen the surveillance, general health systems, tightened the antimicrobial medicine distribution rules, and education for public are indeed needed.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76565384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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