R. Ritmaleni, Risma Baiq Fatmayanti, Shinta Diva Ekananda, Bhagaskara Naufal Tranggono, Nanda Kurnia Arsani, R. Rumiyati
Dibenzylidene-cyclohexanone is a curcumin analog. Analog of curcumins showed activity as antioxidant. This research is aimed to synthesize and study the antioxidant activity of dibenzylidene-cyclohexanone compounds. The synthesis was carried out according to carbonyl condensation reaction and its antioxidant activity was tested by using DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. Compound entry 1 (2,6-bis-(3’-Bromo-4’-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone) and entry 3 (2,6-bis-(2’-chloro-6’-fluorobenzylidene)- cyclohexanone) were obtained in 70 % yield. Compound entries 1 and 2 gave the same antioxidant activities according to the DPPH method and this result was not good enough compared to vitamin E. Compound entry 1 showed the best antioxidant activity among the series and also had a better antioxidant activity compared to vitamin E. From these results, it can be said that compound entry 1 was the best antioxidant agent in the series.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIIVTY OF SOME DIBENZYLIDENE-CYCLOHEXANONE","authors":"R. Ritmaleni, Risma Baiq Fatmayanti, Shinta Diva Ekananda, Bhagaskara Naufal Tranggono, Nanda Kurnia Arsani, R. Rumiyati","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4537","url":null,"abstract":"Dibenzylidene-cyclohexanone is a curcumin analog. Analog of curcumins showed activity as antioxidant. This research is aimed to synthesize and study the antioxidant activity of dibenzylidene-cyclohexanone compounds. The synthesis was carried out according to carbonyl condensation reaction and its antioxidant activity was tested by using DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. Compound entry 1 (2,6-bis-(3’-Bromo-4’-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone) and entry 3 (2,6-bis-(2’-chloro-6’-fluorobenzylidene)- cyclohexanone) were obtained in 70 % yield. Compound entries 1 and 2 gave the same antioxidant activities according to the DPPH method and this result was not good enough compared to vitamin E. Compound entry 1 showed the best antioxidant activity among the series and also had a better antioxidant activity compared to vitamin E. From these results, it can be said that compound entry 1 was the best antioxidant agent in the series. ","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. N. Sulaiman, Gabriela Kasih Mawarni, R. Rumiyati
In order to use starch as a filler-binder, the pregelatinization method by extrusion can enhance the flow characteristics and compressibility of starch. This study aimed to find the optimum process parameter for producing partially pregelatinized cassava starch (PPCS) using twin screw extrusion and characterizing it as a filler-binder excipient. For arranging experimental trials, a three-level Box-Behnken design with three independent variables—starch moisture content (ranged from 20% to 40%), extrusion temperature (ranged from 50°C to 70°C), and screw speed (ranged from 10 rpm to 30 rpm)—was used to make PPCS. The response surface methodology approach was used for optimization. The desired filler-binder characteristic of PPCS was defined as having good flowability and compactibility properties. The most desirable process parameter was achieved by combining 39.9 percent starch moisture content, 70°C extrusion temperature, and 25.8 rpm screw speed. The results showed that optimized PPCS has good flow properties and also good water absorption capacity. The optimized PPCS had a polygonal shape and a size range of 149-400μm. PPCS showed birefringence characteristics under polarized light, indicating a large number of undamaged starch granules. The PPCS XRD pattern showed peaks at 15°, 17°, 18°, and 23°, and also a relative crystallinity of 27.3 percent. When analyzed with DSC, PPCS revealed glass transition curves and a gelatinization degree of 36.01 percent.
{"title":"Optimization and Characterization of Extruded Partially Pregelatinized Cassava Starch as Filler-Binder","authors":"T. N. Sulaiman, Gabriela Kasih Mawarni, R. Rumiyati","doi":"10.22146/ijp.5117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.5117","url":null,"abstract":"In order to use starch as a filler-binder, the pregelatinization method by extrusion can enhance the flow characteristics and compressibility of starch. This study aimed to find the optimum process parameter for producing partially pregelatinized cassava starch (PPCS) using twin screw extrusion and characterizing it as a filler-binder excipient. For arranging experimental trials, a three-level Box-Behnken design with three independent variables—starch moisture content (ranged from 20% to 40%), extrusion temperature (ranged from 50°C to 70°C), and screw speed (ranged from 10 rpm to 30 rpm)—was used to make PPCS. The response surface methodology approach was used for optimization. The desired filler-binder characteristic of PPCS was defined as having good flowability and compactibility properties. The most desirable process parameter was achieved by combining 39.9 percent starch moisture content, 70°C extrusion temperature, and 25.8 rpm screw speed. The results showed that optimized PPCS has good flow properties and also good water absorption capacity. The optimized PPCS had a polygonal shape and a size range of 149-400μm. PPCS showed birefringence characteristics under polarized light, indicating a large number of undamaged starch granules. The PPCS XRD pattern showed peaks at 15°, 17°, 18°, and 23°, and also a relative crystallinity of 27.3 percent. When analyzed with DSC, PPCS revealed glass transition curves and a gelatinization degree of 36.01 percent.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fawwaz, Y. Rifai, Yulia Yusriani Djabir, Mukhriani, G. Alam
Paederia foetida L. is a tropical Asian plant containing bioactive compounds and often used as functional foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity of P. foetida leaves extract on tyrosinase activity. In addition, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined. TPC and TFC was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) dan ascorbic acid equivalent capacity (AAEC). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using L-tyrosine as a substrate and measured at 490 nm by ELISA reader. TPC in the crude extract, fraction A, and fraction B was 173.18 ± 3.99, 553.95 ± 5.70 and 405.37 ± 33.90, respectively. TFC in the crude extract, fraction A, and fraction B was 12.79 ± 0,25, 143.16 ± 9.27, 143.50 ± 6.90, respectively. The best antioxidant capacity of the extract was shown in the DPPH method (15.71 ± 1.6 mg TEAC/g and 100.77 ± 8.5 mg AAEC/g). Meanwhile, fraction B showed the best antioxidant capacity by the FRAP (11.48 ± 1.5 TEAC/g and 8.39 ± 1.2 mg AAEC/g ) and CUPRAC (116.34 ± 1.9 mg TEAC/g and 66.11 ± 1.3 mg AAEC/g) methods. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibited that the IC50 of fraction A and B was 13.67 μg/mL and 13.37 μg/mL, respectively.
{"title":"Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of Paederia foetida L.","authors":"M. Fawwaz, Y. Rifai, Yulia Yusriani Djabir, Mukhriani, G. Alam","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4486","url":null,"abstract":"Paederia foetida L. is a tropical Asian plant containing bioactive compounds and often used as functional foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity of P. foetida leaves extract on tyrosinase activity. In addition, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined. TPC and TFC was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) dan ascorbic acid equivalent capacity (AAEC). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using L-tyrosine as a substrate and measured at 490 nm by ELISA reader. TPC in the crude extract, fraction A, and fraction B was 173.18 ± 3.99, 553.95 ± 5.70 and 405.37 ± 33.90, respectively. TFC in the crude extract, fraction A, and fraction B was 12.79 ± 0,25, 143.16 ± 9.27, 143.50 ± 6.90, respectively. The best antioxidant capacity of the extract was shown in the DPPH method (15.71 ± 1.6 mg TEAC/g and 100.77 ± 8.5 mg AAEC/g). Meanwhile, fraction B showed the best antioxidant capacity by the FRAP (11.48 ± 1.5 TEAC/g and 8.39 ± 1.2 mg AAEC/g ) and CUPRAC (116.34 ± 1.9 mg TEAC/g and 66.11 ± 1.3 mg AAEC/g) methods. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibited that the IC50 of fraction A and B was 13.67 μg/mL and 13.37 μg/mL, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76318185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. N. Faridah, D. Perwitasari, Khoirunnisa Maer, Resti Octapermatasari, Laras Novitasari
The growing number of people with diabetes mellitus enhance the increasing number of antidiabetic medicine used and also the use of traditional medicine as a complementary medicine. The choice of treatment is depend on the patients’ perception and will have an effect on compliance and clinical outcome. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patients’ perception of consuming a combination of Traditional Medicine (TM) and Synthetic Medicine (SM) and their compliance with medication, as well as to examine its impact on the outcomes of type 2 DM treatment at three community health centers in Yogyakarta. This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants that met the inclusion criterias were 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been taking TM-SM combination at least one month at three community health centers in the City of Yogyakarta. The main outcome is the relationship between perception and compliance, as well as the outcome of therapy. Result showed that from 110 patients, only 40 (36.4%) had a good perception of the use of TM-SM combination, and 32 patients (29.1%) succeeded in adhering to the recommended administration of synthetic drugs. A total of 49 patients (44.5%) reported controlled blood sugar levels as the outcome of DM management. Patients' perception of drug combination was proven unrelated to patient compliance and treatment outcome (p> 0.05). For the conclusion, there is no relationship between patients’ perception of taking a combination medication with adherence and treatment outcomes. Keywords: Compliance, Perception, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Therapy Outcome
{"title":"Traditional medicine and its impact on patient outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy","authors":"I. N. Faridah, D. Perwitasari, Khoirunnisa Maer, Resti Octapermatasari, Laras Novitasari","doi":"10.22146/ijp.2541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.2541","url":null,"abstract":"The growing number of people with diabetes mellitus enhance the increasing number of antidiabetic medicine used and also the use of traditional medicine as a complementary medicine. The choice of treatment is depend on the patients’ perception and will have an effect on compliance and clinical outcome. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patients’ perception of consuming a combination of Traditional Medicine (TM) and Synthetic Medicine (SM) and their compliance with medication, as well as to examine its impact on the outcomes of type 2 DM treatment at three community health centers in Yogyakarta. This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants that met the inclusion criterias were 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been taking TM-SM combination at least one month at three community health centers in the City of Yogyakarta. The main outcome is the relationship between perception and compliance, as well as the outcome of therapy. Result showed that from 110 patients, only 40 (36.4%) had a good perception of the use of TM-SM combination, and 32 patients (29.1%) succeeded in adhering to the recommended administration of synthetic drugs. A total of 49 patients (44.5%) reported controlled blood sugar levels as the outcome of DM management. Patients' perception of drug combination was proven unrelated to patient compliance and treatment outcome (p> 0.05). For the conclusion, there is no relationship between patients’ perception of taking a combination medication with adherence and treatment outcomes. \u0000Keywords: Compliance, Perception, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Therapy Outcome","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85775318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuliet Susanto, E. Sukandar, I Ketut Adnyana, Joni Tandi
Hibiscus surattensis L. is a traditional medicinal plant often used for diabetes treatment in Indonesia, especially in Central Sulawesi. The leaves contain mainly kaempferol, morine, and trifolin which have various pharmacological effects, including high antioxidant properties and the potential to increase insulin secretion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of the Hibiscus surattensis L. leaves (HSL) active fraction in reducing the levels of HbA1c, AGEs, and GLUT-4 expression in the muscle tissue of rat model with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a high-fat and fructose diet of 1.8 g/kg BW (HFD/HF) for 8 weeks. A total of 20 male rats were randomly assigned into four groups namely (1) normal control diet with standard rat chow; (2) negative control with HFD/HF diet; (3) treatment group with metformin 100 mg/kg BW as standard; (4) treatment group given HSL active fraction (FEA) 50 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally for 21 days and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with the LSD post hoc test. HFD/HF induction significantly increased the HbA1c and AGEs levels 3.5 times and 1.88 times higher than the normal control group. Moreover, the treatments significantly reduced (p<0.05) HbA1c and AGEs levels compared to the negative control on day 21. Blood HbA1C levels with FEA treatment decreased by 56.4%, while AGEs reduced by 54.7%. GLUT 4 expression in the muscle tissue was significantly different from the negative control with p<0.05. The results also indicate that the administration of FEA had an antidiabetic effect by reducing the levels of HbA1C and AGEs along with other potentially beneficial effects on the treatment of type 2 DM with the probable mechanism of targeting GLUT4 glucose transporter by increasing its translocation and expression.
{"title":"Efficacy of the Hibiscus surattensis L. Leaves Active Fraction in Reducing the Levels of HbA1c, AGEs, and Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells of Diabetic Type 2 Model Rat","authors":"Yuliet Susanto, E. Sukandar, I Ketut Adnyana, Joni Tandi","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4291","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus surattensis L. is a traditional medicinal plant often used for diabetes treatment in Indonesia, especially in Central Sulawesi. The leaves contain mainly kaempferol, morine, and trifolin which have various pharmacological effects, including high antioxidant properties and the potential to increase insulin secretion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of the Hibiscus surattensis L. leaves (HSL) active fraction in reducing the levels of HbA1c, AGEs, and GLUT-4 expression in the muscle tissue of rat model with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a high-fat and fructose diet of 1.8 g/kg BW (HFD/HF) for 8 weeks. A total of 20 male rats were randomly assigned into four groups namely (1) normal control diet with standard rat chow; (2) negative control with HFD/HF diet; (3) treatment group with metformin 100 mg/kg BW as standard; (4) treatment group given HSL active fraction (FEA) 50 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally for 21 days and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with the LSD post hoc test. HFD/HF induction significantly increased the HbA1c and AGEs levels 3.5 times and 1.88 times higher than the normal control group. Moreover, the treatments significantly reduced (p<0.05) HbA1c and AGEs levels compared to the negative control on day 21. Blood HbA1C levels with FEA treatment decreased by 56.4%, while AGEs reduced by 54.7%. GLUT 4 expression in the muscle tissue was significantly different from the negative control with p<0.05. The results also indicate that the administration of FEA had an antidiabetic effect by reducing the levels of HbA1C and AGEs along with other potentially beneficial effects on the treatment of type 2 DM with the probable mechanism of targeting GLUT4 glucose transporter by increasing its translocation and expression.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revi Gama Hatta Novika, N. Wahidah, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, A. Ansori
Stress during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Eucalyptus globulus and Apium graveolens are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate E. globulus and A. graveolens towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as stress markers, luteinizing hormone (LH), and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. This study was an experimental randomized controlled trial using a pre-posttest control group design. Sixty women of reproductive health age who had stress based on the DASS-21 questionnaire were divided into two groups at area of Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was given 300 mg A. graveolens capsules orally and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days. The control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were evaluated before and after the intervention to determine the effect of the intervention. There was no difference in stress levels in the control and treatment groups at pre-test. The intervention group decreased HSP70, TNF-α, and stress levels (p<0.001). A significantly decreased TNF-α increased LH level (p<0.001). Moreover, LH and GDF-9 levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). In summary, A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil decreased stress and protected folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19.
{"title":"Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus Decrease Stress and Protect Folliculogenesis Marker on Woman Reproductive Health during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Revi Gama Hatta Novika, N. Wahidah, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, A. Ansori","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4511","url":null,"abstract":"Stress during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Eucalyptus globulus and Apium graveolens are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate E. globulus and A. graveolens towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as stress markers, luteinizing hormone (LH), and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. This study was an experimental randomized controlled trial using a pre-posttest control group design. Sixty women of reproductive health age who had stress based on the DASS-21 questionnaire were divided into two groups at area of Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was given 300 mg A. graveolens capsules orally and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days. The control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were evaluated before and after the intervention to determine the effect of the intervention. There was no difference in stress levels in the control and treatment groups at pre-test. The intervention group decreased HSP70, TNF-α, and stress levels (p<0.001). A significantly decreased TNF-α increased LH level (p<0.001). Moreover, LH and GDF-9 levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). In summary, A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil decreased stress and protected folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78217852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colistin is reintroduced into therapeutic protocols as one of the last resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In February 2019, the International Consensus Guidelines (ICG 2019) on optimizing the administration of colistin has for the first time stipulated an official recommendation for higher colistin dosing regimen based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling data. This study aimed at assessing the current dosing of colistin at University Medical Center (UMC) of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and to identify rates and risk factors of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. A cross sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), being treated for severe infection with at least 5 days of colistin IV administration from April 2018 to April 2019. KDIGO criteria were used to evaluate nephrotoxicity during treatment. Colistin-resistance was detected in 4 cases during the study period. The majority (n=104, 87.4%) of patients was diagnosed with pneumonia due to mainly Acinetobacter baumannii. Rational dosing according to PK/PD approach, EMA, FDA was observed in 33 cases (27.8%), 39 cases (32,8%), and 44 cases (38,2%), respectively. 85 cases (71,4%) were evaluated as rational dosing in accordance with at least one of the three guidelines. Clinical efficacy was recorded in 59 infected patients (49.6%). Lower average maintenance dose was observed in patients with treatment failure (p = 0.002). KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI) developed in 70 patients (58,8%). Multivariate analysis showed that concomitant administration of vasopressors (OR = 16.52; 95% CI 5.3750.83; p = 0.001), furosemide (OR = 5.24; 95% CI 1.89–14.55; p = 0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (< 25 g/l) (OR = 6.24; 95% CI 2.17–17.93; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with nephrotoxicity. Consistent with previous studies, due to a very modest clinical cure rate with a high frequency of colistin-induced AKI and the development of colistin-resistant strains, alternative agents such as new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations with favourable safety data are strongly preferred for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant infection.
粘菌素被重新引入治疗方案，作为对抗多药耐药(MDR)病原体的最后手段之一。2019年2月，优化粘菌素给药的国际共识指南(ICG 2019)首次根据药代动力学/药效学(PK/PD)建模数据规定了更高粘菌素剂量方案的官方建议。本研究旨在评估目前在胡志明市(HCMC)大学医学中心(UMC)使用粘菌素的剂量，并确定粘菌素引起肾毒性的发生率和危险因素。对2018年4月至2019年4月入住重症监护病房(ICU)，接受至少5天粘菌素IV治疗的严重感染患者进行了横断面研究。KDIGO标准用于评估治疗期间的肾毒性。研究期间4例患者检测到粘菌素耐药。大多数(n=104, 87.4%)患者诊断为肺炎，主要是由鲍曼不动杆菌引起的。分别有33例(27.8%)、39例(32.8%)和44例(38.2%)按照PK/PD方法、EMA、FDA给药合理。85例(71.4%)被评估为合理用药，至少符合三项指南中的一项。59例患者临床有效率为49.6%。治疗失败患者的平均维持剂量较低(p = 0.002)。70例(58.8%)患者出现kdigo定义的急性肾损伤(AKI)。多因素分析显示合并使用血管加压药物(OR = 16.52;95% ci 5.3750.83;p = 0.001)，速尿(OR = 5.24;95% ci 1.89-14.55;p = 0.001)和低白蛋白血症(< 25 g/l) (OR = 6.24;95% ci 2.17-17.93;P = 0.001)与肾毒性显著相关。与先前的研究一致，由于临床治愈率非常低且粘菌素诱导的AKI发生率高，以及粘菌素耐药菌株的发展，具有良好安全性数据的替代药物，如新型β -内酰胺/ β -内酰胺酶抑制剂组合，强烈首选用于治疗碳青霉烯耐药感染。
{"title":"An Investigation on The Use of Colistin in Critically Ill Patients at A Teaching Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City","authors":"T. Vu, Nguyen Doan Trang Dang, Tu Nguyen","doi":"10.22146/ijp.4359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.4359","url":null,"abstract":"Colistin is reintroduced into therapeutic protocols as one of the last resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In February 2019, the International Consensus Guidelines (ICG 2019) on optimizing the administration of colistin has for the first time stipulated an official recommendation for higher colistin dosing regimen based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling data. This study aimed at assessing the current dosing of colistin at University Medical Center (UMC) of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and to identify rates and risk factors of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. A cross sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), being treated for severe infection with at least 5 days of colistin IV administration from April 2018 to April 2019. KDIGO criteria were used to evaluate nephrotoxicity during treatment. Colistin-resistance was detected in 4 cases during the study period. The majority (n=104, 87.4%) of patients was diagnosed with pneumonia due to mainly Acinetobacter baumannii. Rational dosing according to PK/PD approach, EMA, FDA was observed in 33 cases (27.8%), 39 cases (32,8%), and 44 cases (38,2%), respectively. 85 cases (71,4%) were evaluated as rational dosing in accordance with at least one of the three guidelines. Clinical efficacy was recorded in 59 infected patients (49.6%). Lower average maintenance dose was observed in patients with treatment failure (p = 0.002). KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI) developed in 70 patients (58,8%). Multivariate analysis showed that concomitant administration of vasopressors (OR = 16.52; 95% CI 5.3750.83; p = 0.001), furosemide (OR = 5.24; 95% CI 1.89–14.55; p = 0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (< 25 g/l) (OR = 6.24; 95% CI 2.17–17.93; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with nephrotoxicity. Consistent with previous studies, due to a very modest clinical cure rate with a high frequency of colistin-induced AKI and the development of colistin-resistant strains, alternative agents such as new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations with favourable safety data are strongly preferred for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant infection.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85066275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants are now widely used for various purposes, such as preventing and treating diseases. One of the medicinal plants widely used as traditional medicines and already commercialized is Sonchus arvensis, known as show thistle and tempuyung in Indonesia. This mini-review will highlight information about traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and biological activities of S. arvensis to increase our knowledge and understanding of this plant. We prepared this mini-review by finding sources of information in several scientific paper databases. As a traditional medicine, S. arvensis could be consumed to cure or prevent diseases. Secondary metabolites present in S. arvensis such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids are responsible for some biological activities of S. arvensis, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperuricemic, and antidiabetic activities.
{"title":"Traditional Use, Phytochemical Composition, and Biological Activities of Sonchus arvensis","authors":"M. Rafi, Novia Laelatul Suwartiny, E. Rohaeti","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3823","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are now widely used for various purposes, such as preventing and treating diseases. One of the medicinal plants widely used as traditional medicines and already commercialized is Sonchus arvensis, known as show thistle and tempuyung in Indonesia. This mini-review will highlight information about traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and biological activities of S. arvensis to increase our knowledge and understanding of this plant. We prepared this mini-review by finding sources of information in several scientific paper databases. As a traditional medicine, S. arvensis could be consumed to cure or prevent diseases. Secondary metabolites present in S. arvensis such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids are responsible for some biological activities of S. arvensis, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperuricemic, and antidiabetic activities.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77636461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impaired immunity in diabetes mellitus (DM) causes reduced lung function, which increases the incidence of various types of infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The main principle of CAP therapy is the administration of antibiotics. This study aims to assess the appropriate use of antibiotics according to existing clinical practice guidelines using the Gyssen algorithm, and to determine its effect on clinical outcomest in hospitalized patients. It is an observational study with a retrospective cohort design and total sampling technique. The research was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, with the research subjects being 98 hospitalized CAP patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) over the period January 2018 - December 2019. The collection of data on patient characteristics and clinical outcomes was made through patient medical records. 28.6% of the subjects were in the severe category of CAP. The results of the evaluation using the Gyssen algorithm showed that 59.2% of the subjects receive the appropriate antibiotics, while 40.8% receive non appropriate antibiotics. The clinical outcomes in the group receiving appropriate antibiotics (70.7%) was significantly higher than the non-appropriate group (42.5%). The results of the multivariate analysis show that the group receiving appropriate antibiotics experienced 2.7 times greater clinical outcomes (RR 2.683, 95% CI: 1.102-6.592), after controlling for the degree of CAP and the onset of antibiotic administration. The use of appropriate antibiotics in CAP patients with T2DM significantly enhanced clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Current Practice of Antibiotic Use and Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia","authors":"Desi Ariyanti, R. Sauriasari, E. Yunir","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3572","url":null,"abstract":"Impaired immunity in diabetes mellitus (DM) causes reduced lung function, which increases the incidence of various types of infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The main principle of CAP therapy is the administration of antibiotics. This study aims to assess the appropriate use of antibiotics according to existing clinical practice guidelines using the Gyssen algorithm, and to determine its effect on clinical outcomest in hospitalized patients. It is an observational study with a retrospective cohort design and total sampling technique. The research was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, with the research subjects being 98 hospitalized CAP patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) over the period January 2018 - December 2019. The collection of data on patient characteristics and clinical outcomes was made through patient medical records. 28.6% of the subjects were in the severe category of CAP. The results of the evaluation using the Gyssen algorithm showed that 59.2% of the subjects receive the appropriate antibiotics, while 40.8% receive non appropriate antibiotics. The clinical outcomes in the group receiving appropriate antibiotics (70.7%) was significantly higher than the non-appropriate group (42.5%). The results of the multivariate analysis show that the group receiving appropriate antibiotics experienced 2.7 times greater clinical outcomes (RR 2.683, 95% CI: 1.102-6.592), after controlling for the degree of CAP and the onset of antibiotic administration. The use of appropriate antibiotics in CAP patients with T2DM significantly enhanced clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72988149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. G. A. A. Kusuma Wardani, D. Sanjaya, Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena, Ni Putu Bayu Widhi Antari
Burns require a recovery process that multiplies complex biological mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. X.granatum J.Koenig (XG) is a popular plant that grows in the mangrove forest Bali. Traditionally, this plant is used mainly for antiinflammation, dysentery, fever, skin emolliating, wound treatment, and abdominal problems. Flavonoids, tannins and saponins are active metabolites of this plant, which has antiinflammation, antioxidant and wound healing effects. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in the pathophysiology of wound. Fibroblasts support granulation tissue synthesis, ECM production, and collagen synthesis. Re-epithelialization plays a role in wound closure. The aim of present study to evaluate the effectiveness XG extract seeds cream on burn wound grade IIA in mice. XG extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH method. The two cream formulations were measured for physical quality for organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH. The wound healing activity of XG creams were evaluated from wound contraction, histological analysis of fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelialization in mice. Statistical analyses were performed with post hoc Tukey using analysis of variance and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, Version 26). XG extract has a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 7,939 ppm. The preparation of XG extract cream has homogeneous and pH of 6,5. The treatment with XGC 15% promote significant increases in wound contraction rate, proliferation of fibroblasts and re-epithelialization with SSD (p>0,05). These results suggest that XGC 15% is effective in wound healing in mice by increasing wound contraction rate, proliferation of fibroblasts and re-epithelialization.
烧伤需要一个包括抗炎、增殖和组织重塑在内的复杂生物机制的恢复过程。X.granatum J.Koenig (XG)是生长在巴厘岛红树林的一种受欢迎的植物。传统上，这种植物主要用于抗炎、痢疾、发烧、皮肤润肤、伤口治疗和腹部问题。黄酮类化合物、单宁和皂苷是该植物的活性代谢产物，具有抗炎、抗氧化和伤口愈合作用。IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α是参与创面病理生理的促炎因子。成纤维细胞支持肉芽组织合成、ECM生产和胶原合成。再上皮化在伤口愈合中起作用。本研究目的是评价黄芪提取物籽膏对小鼠ⅱ级烧伤创面的疗效。采用DPPH法对其抗氧化活性进行评价。对两种药膏配方进行了感官、均匀性和ph值的物理质量测量。XG药膏的伤口愈合活性通过伤口收缩、成纤维细胞增殖和小鼠再上皮化的组织学分析来评估。统计分析使用方差分析进行事后分析，并使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS, Version 26)进行分析。XG提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，IC50值为7,939 ppm。制备的XG提取物乳膏均质，pH值为6,5。15% XGC治疗可显著提高创面收缩率、成纤维细胞增殖和SSD再上皮化(p> 0.05)。上述结果提示，15% XGC通过增加创面收缩率、成纤维细胞增殖和再上皮化，对小鼠创面愈合有促进作用。
{"title":"The Effect of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig Seed Extract Cream on The Number of Fibroblast and Re-Epithelialization in IIA Degree Burn Wound Healing","authors":"I. G. A. A. Kusuma Wardani, D. Sanjaya, Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena, Ni Putu Bayu Widhi Antari","doi":"10.22146/ijp.3461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3461","url":null,"abstract":"Burns require a recovery process that multiplies complex biological mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. X.granatum J.Koenig (XG) is a popular plant that grows in the mangrove forest Bali. Traditionally, this plant is used mainly for antiinflammation, dysentery, fever, skin emolliating, wound treatment, and abdominal problems. Flavonoids, tannins and saponins are active metabolites of this plant, which has antiinflammation, antioxidant and wound healing effects. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in the pathophysiology of wound. Fibroblasts support granulation tissue synthesis, ECM production, and collagen synthesis. Re-epithelialization plays a role in wound closure. The aim of present study to evaluate the effectiveness XG extract seeds cream on burn wound grade IIA in mice. XG extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH method. The two cream formulations were measured for physical quality for organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH. The wound healing activity of XG creams were evaluated from wound contraction, histological analysis of fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelialization in mice. Statistical analyses were performed with post hoc Tukey using analysis of variance and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, Version 26). XG extract has a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 7,939 ppm. The preparation of XG extract cream has homogeneous and pH of 6,5. The treatment with XGC 15% promote significant increases in wound contraction rate, proliferation of fibroblasts and re-epithelialization with SSD (p>0,05). These results suggest that XGC 15% is effective in wound healing in mice by increasing wound contraction rate, proliferation of fibroblasts and re-epithelialization.","PeriodicalId":13520,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85424382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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