Volcano is a geological environment including magma, eruption, volcanic edifice and its basements. For continuous monitoring after eruption, a mobile robot could be proposed as an alternative to prevent hazardous effect to volcanologist who perform up close monitoring. In this paper, the robots were divided into 3 types according to their different structures: legged, track-legged and wheeled mobile robots. Meanwhile, the navigation system were implemented in 4 steps suitable for volcano condition: environment mapping, trajectory design, motion control and obstacle avoidance. These navigation system also tested in different locations: indoor, outdoor and real volcano with different testing method for these robots. The testing result was discussed in robot kinematics parameter such as trajectory, velocity, slope angle, rollover and sideslip angels.
{"title":"A Review of Mobile Robot Navigation System for Volcano Monitoring Application","authors":"M. Evita","doi":"10.5614/ijp.v32i1.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/ijp.v32i1.300","url":null,"abstract":"Volcano is a geological environment including magma, eruption, volcanic edifice and its basements. For continuous monitoring after eruption, a mobile robot could be proposed as an alternative to prevent hazardous effect to volcanologist who perform up close monitoring. In this paper, the robots were divided into 3 types according to their different structures: legged, track-legged and wheeled mobile robots. Meanwhile, the navigation system were implemented in 4 steps suitable for volcano condition: environment mapping, trajectory design, motion control and obstacle avoidance. These navigation system also tested in different locations: indoor, outdoor and real volcano with different testing method for these robots. The testing result was discussed in robot kinematics parameter such as trajectory, velocity, slope angle, rollover and sideslip angels.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79960829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.4
A. Rohiman, Agus Saiful Arifin
The composition of chemical elements in rock samples can be used as a tool for classifying rock types, predicting the depositional environment, rock age, and the tectonic environment in which the rock is formed. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is one of the instruments used to analyze rock samples. The advantage of using XRF analysis is that the analysis process can be done more quickly, easily, accurately, and does not damage the sample. However, before measurements are made using the XRF instrument it needs to be supported by an appropriate sample preparation process. In this study, optimal conditions in the standard (CRM) rock sample preparation of GBW 07105 and JR-1 have been studied. The parameters studied were variations in the composition ratio of Cellulose Mycro Crystalin (CMC) with standard (CRM) samples, namely 1: 4 and 1: 3. The technique of mixing the sample is done by using a mortar grinder and a shaker. Optimization of sample preparation was carried out using pressed powder pellet and fused glass bead techniques. Based on the data obtained from the analysis results the best ratio of binders to standard samples is 1: 3. The pressed powder pellet preparation technique is the best technique in analyzing samples using the X-Ray Fluorescence method. Further studies also need to be carried out to analyze minor elements and traces (REEs).
{"title":"Comparation of Pressed Powder Pellet and Fused Glass Bead Preparation Techniques for Mayor Elements Analysis of Rock Samples using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)","authors":"A. Rohiman, Agus Saiful Arifin","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of chemical elements in rock samples can be used as a tool for classifying rock types, predicting the depositional environment, rock age, and the tectonic environment in which the rock is formed. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is one of the instruments used to analyze rock samples. The advantage of using XRF analysis is that the analysis process can be done more quickly, easily, accurately, and does not damage the sample. However, before measurements are made using the XRF instrument it needs to be supported by an appropriate sample preparation process. In this study, optimal conditions in the standard (CRM) rock sample preparation of GBW 07105 and JR-1 have been studied. The parameters studied were variations in the composition ratio of Cellulose Mycro Crystalin (CMC) with standard (CRM) samples, namely 1: 4 and 1: 3. The technique of mixing the sample is done by using a mortar grinder and a shaker. Optimization of sample preparation was carried out using pressed powder pellet and fused glass bead techniques. Based on the data obtained from the analysis results the best ratio of binders to standard samples is 1: 3. The pressed powder pellet preparation technique is the best technique in analyzing samples using the X-Ray Fluorescence method. Further studies also need to be carried out to analyze minor elements and traces (REEs).","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85990800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.2
Fahriza Fawwas Asrory, A. Prasetya, W. Wilopo
The drought that engulfs Gunungkidul every year forces some residents to use surface water resources in the lake or water sources in the cave even though the quality has not been tested. The application of ceramic filter technology as a household-scale water purification tool is a form of preventing further water contamination and reduces the level of the disease occurs due to the influence of biological and chemical contamination contained in water. This study aims to make ceramic filters and evaluate the performance of these filters by testing four parameters namely turbidity, hardness, E.coli, and Total Coliform. This study uses three filters, namely Pelita Indonesia (F1) production filter as a comparison filter, Kasongan Yogyakarta production filter with a composition of 80% (clay and sand) with a ratio of 1:1 and 20% wood sawdust with the addition of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) ( F2), and Kasongan production filter with a composition of 100% clay mixed with sand without the addition of sawdust and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) (F3). Sampling was carried out 15 times for 15 days by testing the water before and after going through the filtration process. The percentage reduction in the average for the turbidity parameter, (F1) was 38.24%, (F2) was 34.16%, and (F3) was 37.18%. The hardness parameter, (F1) is 22.22%, (F2) is 11.24%, and (F3) is 10.93%. The parameters of E.coli, (F1) are 100%, (F2) are 98.66%, and the filter with the composition of clay, sand (F3) is 46.71%. The Total Coliform (F1) parameter was 87.62%, (F2) was 69.38%, and (F3) was 51.32%. The application of ceramic filters can be done by looking at the ability of the filter to reduce the contamination contained in water. The addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) must be done to reduce microbiological contamination.
由于每年都发生的干旱，一些居民不得不在没有进行水质检测的情况下，使用湖中的地表水或洞穴内的水源。陶瓷过滤器技术作为一种家用净水工具的应用，是一种防止水源进一步污染的形式，降低了由于水中所含的生物和化学污染物的影响而发生疾病的程度。本研究旨在制作陶瓷过滤器，并通过检测浊度、硬度、大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群四个参数来评价这些过滤器的性能。本研究使用三种过滤器，即Pelita Indonesia (F1)生产过滤器作为比较过滤器，Kasongan Yogyakarta生产过滤器组成为80%(粘土和沙子)，比例为1:1,20%木屑添加硝酸银(AgNO3) (F2)， Kasongan生产过滤器组成为100%粘土混合沙子，不添加木屑和硝酸银(AgNO3) (F3)。在15天内进行了15次采样，对过滤前后的水进行了测试。浊度参数的平均值降低百分比，(F1)为38.24%，(F2)为34.16%，(F3)为37.18%。硬度参数(F1)为22.22%，(F2)为11.24%，(F3)为10.93%。大肠杆菌(F1)参数为100%，(F2)参数为98.66%，粘土、砂土组成的过滤器(F3)参数为46.71%。总大肠菌群(F1)为87.62%，(F2)为69.38%，(F3)为51.32%。陶瓷过滤器的应用可以通过观察过滤器减少水中所含污染物的能力来判断。为了减少微生物污染，必须添加硝酸银(AgNO3)。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Ceramic Filters for Raw Water Treatment","authors":"Fahriza Fawwas Asrory, A. Prasetya, W. Wilopo","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The drought that engulfs Gunungkidul every year forces some residents to use surface water resources in the lake or water sources in the cave even though the quality has not been tested. The application of ceramic filter technology as a household-scale water purification tool is a form of preventing further water contamination and reduces the level of the disease occurs due to the influence of biological and chemical contamination contained in water. This study aims to make ceramic filters and evaluate the performance of these filters by testing four parameters namely turbidity, hardness, E.coli, and Total Coliform. This study uses three filters, namely Pelita Indonesia (F1) production filter as a comparison filter, Kasongan Yogyakarta production filter with a composition of 80% (clay and sand) with a ratio of 1:1 and 20% wood sawdust with the addition of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) ( F2), and Kasongan production filter with a composition of 100% clay mixed with sand without the addition of sawdust and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) (F3). Sampling was carried out 15 times for 15 days by testing the water before and after going through the filtration process. The percentage reduction in the average for the turbidity parameter, (F1) was 38.24%, (F2) was 34.16%, and (F3) was 37.18%. The hardness parameter, (F1) is 22.22%, (F2) is 11.24%, and (F3) is 10.93%. The parameters of E.coli, (F1) are 100%, (F2) are 98.66%, and the filter with the composition of clay, sand (F3) is 46.71%. The Total Coliform (F1) parameter was 87.62%, (F2) was 69.38%, and (F3) was 51.32%. The application of ceramic filters can be done by looking at the ability of the filter to reduce the contamination contained in water. The addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) must be done to reduce microbiological contamination.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74635930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.3
S. Minardi, T. Ardianto, A. T. Alaydrus
Surface deformation is a natural occurrence on the surface of the earth. The deformation can be in the form of subsidence or uplifting of the land surface. In this research, an time-lapse microgravity method will be applied to monitor surface deformation that occurs in Central Lombok and East Lombok Districts. The method of time-lapse microgravity is repetitive gravity measurement at the same point with a certain time interval, the measured magnitude is a change in the value of the acceleration of gravity and the microGal scale. Measurements were made in August 2016, April 2018, and June 2019. The measured value of the change in gravitational acceleration is the superposition of the changes caused by subsurface and surface sources. Separation of the two values is carried out using striping filter, which takes into account the ratio of density, thickness, and depth of the surface and subsurface layers. Land subsidence occurred during the period August 2016 to April 2018 and land uplifting occurred during the April 2018 to June 2019 period. This land subsidence occurred due to natural compacting and minor tectonic activity (small earthquakes that were not felt) while land uplifting was occurred due to major tectonic activities, in the form of the Lombok Earthquake in July to September 2018.
{"title":"Surface Deformation Monitoring Using Time-lapse Microgravity Method in Central and East Lombok Regencies","authors":"S. Minardi, T. Ardianto, A. T. Alaydrus","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Surface deformation is a natural occurrence on the surface of the earth. The deformation can be in the form of subsidence or uplifting of the land surface. In this research, an time-lapse microgravity method will be applied to monitor surface deformation that occurs in Central Lombok and East Lombok Districts. The method of time-lapse microgravity is repetitive gravity measurement at the same point with a certain time interval, the measured magnitude is a change in the value of the acceleration of gravity and the microGal scale. Measurements were made in August 2016, April 2018, and June 2019. The measured value of the change in gravitational acceleration is the superposition of the changes caused by subsurface and surface sources. Separation of the two values is carried out using striping filter, which takes into account the ratio of density, thickness, and depth of the surface and subsurface layers. Land subsidence occurred during the period August 2016 to April 2018 and land uplifting occurred during the April 2018 to June 2019 period. This land subsidence occurred due to natural compacting and minor tectonic activity (small earthquakes that were not felt) while land uplifting was occurred due to major tectonic activities, in the form of the Lombok Earthquake in July to September 2018.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77967032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.1
Deni Kartika, S. Suprijadi
Human face is a complex and dynamic structure. It is a challenge to be able to make a face recognition system like humans. At the beginning of its development, many facial recognition studies only focused on facial features. In 1991, Turk and Pentland developed a face recognition system based on Principal Component Analysis named eigenface. This system is very efficient because it only focuses on components that most affect facial image. However, this system has weaknesses, which cannot be used to determine the position of the face. In this final project, image processing methods will be carried out to detect faces in digital images. The method used is eye mouth triangular approach with the steps being taken are skin detection, eye detection, mouth detection, and facial confirmation. From the results of a hundred digital color images tested, there were 82 images that were successfully detected. The main system failure is caused by failure in skin detection. Further development is needed so that the system can work optimally.
{"title":"Face Detection Based On Eye-Mouth Triangular Approach","authors":"Deni Kartika, S. Suprijadi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2020.31.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Human face is a complex and dynamic structure. It is a challenge to be able to make a face recognition system like humans. At the beginning of its development, many facial recognition studies only focused on facial features. In 1991, Turk and Pentland developed a face recognition system based on Principal Component Analysis named eigenface. This system is very efficient because it only focuses on components that most affect facial image. However, this system has weaknesses, which cannot be used to determine the position of the face. In this final project, image processing methods will be carried out to detect faces in digital images. The method used is eye mouth triangular approach with the steps being taken are skin detection, eye detection, mouth detection, and facial confirmation. From the results of a hundred digital color images tested, there were 82 images that were successfully detected. The main system failure is caused by failure in skin detection. Further development is needed so that the system can work optimally.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86041937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.3
D. Hariyanto, S. Permana
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are one of the most dominant types of nuclear power plants that have been operated commercially to produce electricity in the world. The purpose of this study was to perceive a three-dimensional (X-Y-Z) core design of long-life PWR using Thorium-Uranium dioxide ((Th-U)O2) fuels with the addition of Gadolinium (Gd2O3) and Protactinium-231 (Pa-231) as the burnable poisons. A combination of Thorium and enriched Uranium fuels have a higher conversion ratio than other fuels, therefore can guarantee the reactor to operate longer. The burnable poison isotopes could be used to reduce excess reactivity due to the very high thermal neutron absorption cross-section. For core geometry analysis, a three-dimensional (X-Y-Z) geometry and a fuel volume fraction of 40% were applied. The computer code of SRAC 2006 from the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the JENDL 4.0 as a nuclear data library were used for calculation. In this study, different fractions of Uranium dioxide, Uranium-235, Gadolinium, and Protactinium-231 in fuel were carried out. The result of this study was a three-dimensional core design of 800 MWt PWR using 60% Uranium dioxide fuel with enriched Uranium-235 of 12%-11% and the addition of 0,025% Gd2O3 and 1,0% Pa-231 which could operate for ten years without refueling. This research is expected to be a reference for long-life PWR design using the Thorium and Uranium fuel cycles.
{"title":"Three-dimensional (X-Y-Z) Core Design of Long-Life Pressurized Water Reactor Using (Th-U)O2 Fuels with The Addition of Gd2O3 and Pa-231 as Burnable Poisons","authors":"D. Hariyanto, S. Permana","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are one of the most dominant types of nuclear power plants that have been operated commercially to produce electricity in the world. The purpose of this study was to perceive a three-dimensional (X-Y-Z) core design of long-life PWR using Thorium-Uranium dioxide ((Th-U)O2) fuels with the addition of Gadolinium (Gd2O3) and Protactinium-231 (Pa-231) as the burnable poisons. A combination of Thorium and enriched Uranium fuels have a higher conversion ratio than other fuels, therefore can guarantee the reactor to operate longer. The burnable poison isotopes could be used to reduce excess reactivity due to the very high thermal neutron absorption cross-section. For core geometry analysis, a three-dimensional (X-Y-Z) geometry and a fuel volume fraction of 40% were applied. The computer code of SRAC 2006 from the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the JENDL 4.0 as a nuclear data library were used for calculation. In this study, different fractions of Uranium dioxide, Uranium-235, Gadolinium, and Protactinium-231 in fuel were carried out. The result of this study was a three-dimensional core design of 800 MWt PWR using 60% Uranium dioxide fuel with enriched Uranium-235 of 12%-11% and the addition of 0,025% Gd2O3 and 1,0% Pa-231 which could operate for ten years without refueling. This research is expected to be a reference for long-life PWR design using the Thorium and Uranium fuel cycles.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76365122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.5
Edyharto Yanuwar, J. Kosasih
Ghost fields arise from the quantization of the gauge field with constraints (gauge fixing) through the path integral method. By substituting a form of identity, an effective propagator will be obtained from the gauge field with constraints and this is called the Faddeev-Popov method. The Grassmann odd properties of the ghost field cause the gauge transformation parameter to be Grassmann odd, so a BRST transformation is defined. Ghost field emergence with Grassmann odd properties can also be obtained through the least action principle with gauge transformation, and thus the relations between the BRST transformation parameters and the ghost field is obtained.
{"title":"Faddeev-Popov Ghost and BRST Symmetry in Yang-Mills Theory","authors":"Edyharto Yanuwar, J. Kosasih","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ghost fields arise from the quantization of the gauge field with constraints (gauge fixing) through the path integral method. By substituting a form of identity, an effective propagator will be obtained from the gauge field with constraints and this is called the Faddeev-Popov method. The Grassmann odd properties of the ghost field cause the gauge transformation parameter to be Grassmann odd, so a BRST transformation is defined. Ghost field emergence with Grassmann odd properties can also be obtained through the least action principle with gauge transformation, and thus the relations between the BRST transformation parameters and the ghost field is obtained.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77251891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.2
D. Hariyanto, N. Yuningsih, S. Permana
The requirement for electricity increases with the growth of the human population. The existing power plants have not been able to fulfill all electricity requirements, especially in remote areas. The small long-life pressurized water reactor (PWR) is one of the solutions and innovations in nuclear technology that can produce electrical energy for a long time without refueling. This study aimed to analyze the neutronic of small long-life PWR that using Thorium-Uranium dioxide ((Th-U)O2) fuels with enriched Uranium-235 (U-235) and the addition of Gadolinium (Gd2O3) and Protactinium-231 (Pa-231) as the burnable poisons. The SRAC Code with the JENDL-4.0 nuclear data library had been used for the calculation method. In this study, the geometry of the two-dimensional (R-Z) reactor core with different fuel volume fraction was analyzed. Moreover, variations of the Uranium-235, Gadolinium, and Protactinium-231 fractions in the fuels were carried out. The result in this study was a PWR 420 MWt design using 60% Uranium dioxide fuel with enriched Uranium-235 of 10%-11%-12% and the addition of 0,0125% Gadolinium and 1,0% Protactinium-231 as the burnable poisons that could operate for thirteen years without refueling. The small long-life PWR design could produce a power density of 85,1 watts/cc with the reactivity for less than 4,6% dk/k.
{"title":"Neutronic Analysis of Small Long-Life Pressurized Water Reactor Using (Th-U)O2 Fuels with Gd2O3 and Pa-231 as Burnable Poisons","authors":"D. Hariyanto, N. Yuningsih, S. Permana","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement for electricity increases with the growth of the human population. The existing power plants have not been able to fulfill all electricity requirements, especially in remote areas. The small long-life pressurized water reactor (PWR) is one of the solutions and innovations in nuclear technology that can produce electrical energy for a long time without refueling. This study aimed to analyze the neutronic of small long-life PWR that using Thorium-Uranium dioxide ((Th-U)O2) fuels with enriched Uranium-235 (U-235) and the addition of Gadolinium (Gd2O3) and Protactinium-231 (Pa-231) as the burnable poisons. The SRAC Code with the JENDL-4.0 nuclear data library had been used for the calculation method. In this study, the geometry of the two-dimensional (R-Z) reactor core with different fuel volume fraction was analyzed. Moreover, variations of the Uranium-235, Gadolinium, and Protactinium-231 fractions in the fuels were carried out. The result in this study was a PWR 420 MWt design using 60% Uranium dioxide fuel with enriched Uranium-235 of 10%-11%-12% and the addition of 0,0125% Gadolinium and 1,0% Protactinium-231 as the burnable poisons that could operate for thirteen years without refueling. The small long-life PWR design could produce a power density of 85,1 watts/cc with the reactivity for less than 4,6% dk/k.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91407146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.1
P. Adhi, Dianta Mustofa Kamal, M. Muslimin, Andrei Vilcu, M. Kondo, Minoru Takahashi
Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) has been proposed as one of the coolant for the Generation IV nuclear reactor. However, the oxygen should be controlled adequately to suppress the corrosion rate of the LBE. A device called oxygen sensor made of zirconia as solid electrolyte has been used to monitor the oxygen concentration online in order to control the oxygen concentration. The principle of this sensor is based on electrochemistry method where the difference oxygen activitiy between reference electrode (RE) and working electrode (in liquid LBE) can make potential difference. The potential difference is measured by electrometer and can be converted into oxygen concentration based on Nernst equation. Iron (Fe)/Magnetite (Fe3O4) was used as material for RE in this study. Measurement of oxygen concentration was conducted at 450 - 600°C for the static condition of LBE and around 390°C for the dynamic condition of flowing LBE. The oxygen concentration for both two experiment conditions were set in oxygen saturated condition of Pb-Bi. The oxygen sensor based on zirconia solid electrolyte with Fe/Fe3O4 as RE can measured the oxygen concentration in liquid LBE. The results showed that the measurement was agreed with the Nernst equation theoretical calculation.
{"title":"Measurement of Oxygen Concentration in Static and Flowing Liquid Pb-Bi by Using Zirconia Based Sensor","authors":"P. Adhi, Dianta Mustofa Kamal, M. Muslimin, Andrei Vilcu, M. Kondo, Minoru Takahashi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) has been proposed as one of the coolant for the Generation IV nuclear reactor. However, the oxygen should be controlled adequately to suppress the corrosion rate of the LBE. A device called oxygen sensor made of zirconia as solid electrolyte has been used to monitor the oxygen concentration online in order to control the oxygen concentration. The principle of this sensor is based on electrochemistry method where the difference oxygen activitiy between reference electrode (RE) and working electrode (in liquid LBE) can make potential difference. The potential difference is measured by electrometer and can be converted into oxygen concentration based on Nernst equation. Iron (Fe)/Magnetite (Fe3O4) was used as material for RE in this study. Measurement of oxygen concentration was conducted at 450 - 600°C for the static condition of LBE and around 390°C for the dynamic condition of flowing LBE. The oxygen concentration for both two experiment conditions were set in oxygen saturated condition of Pb-Bi. The oxygen sensor based on zirconia solid electrolyte with Fe/Fe3O4 as RE can measured the oxygen concentration in liquid LBE. The results showed that the measurement was agreed with the Nernst equation theoretical calculation.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.4
B. U. P. Elinda, Hotinul Al Fatari, M. Marzuki, Bakti Sukrisna, A. T. Alaydrus, S. Minardi
A landslide disaster is a threatening disaster every time coming of the rainy season. Landslide potency can be detected on the surface through the form of topography and vegetation and beneath the surface of the rock layers former. From the type of rock the former can be known existence of the sliding plane which is the place of the sliding material. Research has been conducted to detect the plane of slide based on the resistivity value and the shear wave speed by using geoelectric and seismic method in Pengembur village, sub district of Pujut, Central Lombok regency. The result of analysis shows that the rocks layer former in the area consist of low cohesion soil deposits, weathered clay soils, water-saturated sand, and unconsolidated sand which has a thickness (3.7 – 4.0) meters. The field of sliding plane is detected as a layer of clay with landslides potency towards the west with the translation slide type
{"title":"Detection Of Sliding Plane as A Disaster Mitigation Efforts In The Pengembur Village, Pujut Sub District, Central Lombok Regency","authors":"B. U. P. Elinda, Hotinul Al Fatari, M. Marzuki, Bakti Sukrisna, A. T. Alaydrus, S. Minardi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.31.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"A landslide disaster is a threatening disaster every time coming of the rainy season. Landslide potency can be detected on the surface through the form of topography and vegetation and beneath the surface of the rock layers former. From the type of rock the former can be known existence of the sliding plane which is the place of the sliding material. Research has been conducted to detect the plane of slide based on the resistivity value and the shear wave speed by using geoelectric and seismic method in Pengembur village, sub district of Pujut, Central Lombok regency. The result of analysis shows that the rocks layer former in the area consist of low cohesion soil deposits, weathered clay soils, water-saturated sand, and unconsolidated sand which has a thickness (3.7 – 4.0) meters. The field of sliding plane is detected as a layer of clay with landslides potency towards the west with the translation slide type","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84622690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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