Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.3
W. Widanarto, F. Abdullatif, C. Senft, W. Hansch
Titanium (Ti) and platinum (Pt) films deposited on p-doped Si electrode were incorporated as gas sensitive electrodes in Kelvin and Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor (FG-FET) systems. The films were annealed in oxygen at 800°C. SEM and EDX characterization methods were employed to study the surface of these films. Work function changes with respect to various hydrogen concentrations have been measured as a function of temperature and humidity. The results show that nano grains of titanium silicide (TiSi2) and Pt islands are formed after the annealing. Annealed TiSi2/Pt films are well suitable to significantly stabilize FG-FET based hydrogen sensor. The sensors can detect H2 in concentration range between 0.3% and 2% from room temperature up to 135°C. The response time is quite fast i.e. t90 ~ 43.2 seconds. An experiment on the stability has proved that signal pattern of the sensors remained stable one month after first conditioning.
{"title":"Effect of Annealed Si/Ti/Pt Hetero Structure on The Response Time and Signals of Hydrogen Sensors","authors":"W. Widanarto, F. Abdullatif, C. Senft, W. Hansch","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium (Ti) and platinum (Pt) films deposited on p-doped Si electrode were incorporated as gas sensitive electrodes in Kelvin and Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor (FG-FET) systems. The films were annealed in oxygen at 800°C. SEM and EDX characterization methods were employed to study the surface of these films. Work function changes with respect to various hydrogen concentrations have been measured as a function of temperature and humidity. The results show that nano grains of titanium silicide (TiSi2) and Pt islands are formed after the annealing. Annealed TiSi2/Pt films are well suitable to significantly stabilize FG-FET based hydrogen sensor. The sensors can detect H2 in concentration range between 0.3% and 2% from room temperature up to 135°C. The response time is quite fast i.e. t90 ~ 43.2 seconds. An experiment on the stability has proved that signal pattern of the sensors remained stable one month after first conditioning.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75708377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.4
B. Prijamboedi, C. D. Sundari, Rolan Rusli, I. Ismunandar
Oxide materials of Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ have been synthesized by means of conventional solid state reaction method. Substitution of Ti atom for the V sites leads to the formation of single phase Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ material with I4/mmm space group of tetragonal structure as well as gives results in large grain size and good sinterability of the ceramic material. With Ti concentration of x = 0.2, sample without the presence of porous could be obtained. The ionic conductivity of Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ increases significantly with the presence of Ti atoms. This Ti substitution also reduces phase transition temperatures in Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ materials. The conductivity data and scanning electron microscope images show that the Ti concentration in Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ could be applied as much as x = 0.2, which is higher than reported before and it still gives better properties.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2TixV1-xO5.5-δ as Electrolyte Material in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell","authors":"B. Prijamboedi, C. D. Sundari, Rolan Rusli, I. Ismunandar","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide materials of Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ have been synthesized by means of conventional solid state reaction method. Substitution of Ti atom for the V sites leads to the formation of single phase Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ material with I4/mmm space group of tetragonal structure as well as gives results in large grain size and good sinterability of the ceramic material. With Ti concentration of x = 0.2, sample without the presence of porous could be obtained. The ionic conductivity of Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ increases significantly with the presence of Ti atoms. This Ti substitution also reduces phase transition temperatures in Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ materials. The conductivity data and scanning electron microscope images show that the Ti concentration in Bi2TixV1-xO5,5-δ could be applied as much as x = 0.2, which is higher than reported before and it still gives better properties.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78563043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.1
J. Kebwaro, N. Hashim, A. Mustapha
An artificial reference material (RGMIX) has been constructed from three IAEA materials (RGU-1, RGTH-1, RGK-1). The material is analogous of an environmental radioactive material. The material is systematically analysed on a NaI(Tl) detector using the method of spectrum decomposition. The spectrum of the sample is similar to that of a geological material.
{"title":"Construction of a generic reference material for gamma ray spectrometric analysis","authors":"J. Kebwaro, N. Hashim, A. Mustapha","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial reference material (RGMIX) has been constructed from three IAEA materials (RGU-1, RGTH-1, RGK-1). The material is analogous of an environmental radioactive material. The material is systematically analysed on a NaI(Tl) detector using the method of spectrum decomposition. The spectrum of the sample is similar to that of a geological material.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83637742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.3
H. M. Siahaan, Triyanta Triyanta
We consider the newly approach by Napsuciale and Kirchbach as an alternative formalism for spin-3/2 fields. The Feynman rules for interacting case are derived. Gauge invariance property in this formalism is shown from the corresponding invariant Compton scattering amplitude related to gauge transformation of the polarization vector.
{"title":"On the Napsuciale-Kirchbach Formalism for Spin 3/2 Field Theory","authors":"H. M. Siahaan, Triyanta Triyanta","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the newly approach by Napsuciale and Kirchbach as an alternative formalism for spin-3/2 fields. The Feynman rules for interacting case are derived. Gauge invariance property in this formalism is shown from the corresponding invariant Compton scattering amplitude related to gauge transformation of the polarization vector.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81784708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.3
K. Sastrawiharja, S. Bijaksana, U. Fauzi, L. Pasasa
Igneous rocks, including andesites, are composed of these major elements: Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. Variation in the composition of these elements, which occur mostly as oxides, determines the overall physical properties of the rocks. Not surprisingly, classification of igneous rocks is also based on the quantity of these major oxides. In this study, elemental compositions of andesitic rocks from the Island of Java will be compared to the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) as a part of our effort to explore the possibility of using rock magnetic parameters in classifying igneous rocks. The objective is to check whether AMS parameters could serve as alternative to chemical analysis. To do so, we have measured the AMS and geochemical composition of andesitic rock samples from 10 different sites across Central Java and Yogyakarta. The results show that there are significant correlations between the abundance of certain elements with AMS parameters, for example, the abundance of Fe and Al with magnetic lineation and the abundance of Al with degree of anisotropy. These results show that magnetic parameters have a good change to be use as predictors for major elements composition in igneous rocks.
火成岩，包括安山岩，由这些主要元素组成:Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K和p。这些元素主要以氧化物的形式存在，其组成的变化决定了岩石的整体物理性质。毫不奇怪，火成岩的分类也是基于这些主要氧化物的数量。在本研究中，将爪哇岛安山岩的元素组成与磁化率各向异性(AMS)进行比较，作为我们探索使用岩石磁性参数对火成岩进行分类的可能性的一部分。目的是检查AMS参数是否可以作为化学分析的替代方法。为此，我们测量了来自中爪哇和日惹的10个不同地点的安山岩样品的AMS和地球化学成分。结果表明，某些元素的丰度与AMS参数之间存在显著的相关关系，如Fe和Al的丰度与磁线理相关，Al的丰度与各向异性程度相关。这些结果表明，磁性参数具有很好的变化性，可以作为火成岩主要元素组成的预测指标。
{"title":"Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility and Elemental Compositions in Andesitic Rocks","authors":"K. Sastrawiharja, S. Bijaksana, U. Fauzi, L. Pasasa","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Igneous rocks, including andesites, are composed of these major elements: Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. Variation in the composition of these elements, which occur mostly as oxides, determines the overall physical properties of the rocks. Not surprisingly, classification of igneous rocks is also based on the quantity of these major oxides. In this study, elemental compositions of andesitic rocks from the Island of Java will be compared to the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) as a part of our effort to explore the possibility of using rock magnetic parameters in classifying igneous rocks. The objective is to check whether AMS parameters could serve as alternative to chemical analysis. To do so, we have measured the AMS and geochemical composition of andesitic rock samples from 10 different sites across Central Java and Yogyakarta. The results show that there are significant correlations between the abundance of certain elements with AMS parameters, for example, the abundance of Fe and Al with magnetic lineation and the abundance of Al with degree of anisotropy. These results show that magnetic parameters have a good change to be use as predictors for major elements composition in igneous rocks.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87698561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.5
M. Tajuddin
Several types of upward motion of a ball in a cylinder filled with water are observed in experiment such as straight, damped zigzag, and zigzag upward motion. Center of mass of the balls and the way the balls are released play important role to determine the type of occuring upward motion. A simple theoretical model regarding only gravitational force, Stokes drag force, and Archimedes bouyancy force, where the work points of these forces are not coincident, are developed and used to explain the damped zigzag motion.
{"title":"Damped Zigzag Upward Motion of a Ball in Fluid: a Numerical Model","authors":"M. Tajuddin","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Several types of upward motion of a ball in a cylinder filled with water are observed in experiment such as straight, damped zigzag, and zigzag upward motion. Center of mass of the balls and the way the balls are released play important role to determine the type of occuring upward motion. A simple theoretical model regarding only gravitational force, Stokes drag force, and Archimedes bouyancy force, where the work points of these forces are not coincident, are developed and used to explain the damped zigzag motion.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83586273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.2
Triyanta Triyanta
Similar relationship between Christoffel symbols and Riemann tensors and between gauge potentials and gauge field strengths enable us to treat the Christoffel symbols just like the gauge fields. Restricting the Christoffel symbol by the Fock-Schwinger (FS) condition one obtains the so-call inversion formulae in general relativity theory. These formulae may be utilized for various applications, including the Christoffel symbol-free formulation of the general relativity and calculating the so-called Fock-Schwinger Christoffel symbols for certain Riemann tensors. Here we will derive the Fock-Schwinger-Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FSFRW) Christoffel symbols.
{"title":"An Application of the General Relativity-type Inversion Formulae: the Derivation of the Fock-Schwinger-Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Christoffel Symbol","authors":"Triyanta Triyanta","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Similar relationship between Christoffel symbols and Riemann tensors and between gauge potentials and gauge field strengths enable us to treat the Christoffel symbols just like the gauge fields. Restricting the Christoffel symbol by the Fock-Schwinger (FS) condition one obtains the so-call inversion formulae in general relativity theory. These formulae may be utilized for various applications, including the Christoffel symbol-free formulation of the general relativity and calculating the so-called Fock-Schwinger Christoffel symbols for certain Riemann tensors. Here we will derive the Fock-Schwinger-Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FSFRW) Christoffel symbols.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84440688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.1
P. Gareso
We have compared a zinc and a carbon doped on the atomic interdiffusion of InGaAs/AlGaAs after annealing using Electrochemical capacitance voltage (EC-V), X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Electrochemical capacitance voltage measurements revealed that the carrier concentration in the Zn-doped p++GaAs contact layers decreased after annealing at 900oC for 60 sec, indicating that some of the Zn acceptors were passivated or outdiffused from the surface. In contrast to the C-doped samples, an increase of carrier concentration was observed after annealing. X-ray rocking curve confirmed this result where the amount of lattice contraction increase after annealing which is attributed to the presence of the substitutional carbon CAs. Photoluminescence results showed that a large energy shift was observed in the Zn-doped samples compare with C- doped samples. Photoluminescence measurements after etching to various depth showed similar luminescence defects in both Zn- and C-doped samples. Photocurrent measurements showed the quality of quantum well was improve after annealing in C-doped samples due to activation of carbon doped.
{"title":"A Comparison of Zinc and Carbon Doped on the Atomic Interdiffusion of InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells Laser Structures After Annealing","authors":"P. Gareso","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"We have compared a zinc and a carbon doped on the atomic interdiffusion of InGaAs/AlGaAs after annealing using Electrochemical capacitance voltage (EC-V), X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Electrochemical capacitance voltage measurements revealed that the carrier concentration in the Zn-doped p++GaAs contact layers decreased after annealing at 900oC for 60 sec, indicating that some of the Zn acceptors were passivated or outdiffused from the surface. In contrast to the C-doped samples, an increase of carrier concentration was observed after annealing. X-ray rocking curve confirmed this result where the amount of lattice contraction increase after annealing which is attributed to the presence of the substitutional carbon CAs. Photoluminescence results showed that a large energy shift was observed in the Zn-doped samples compare with C- doped samples. Photoluminescence measurements after etching to various depth showed similar luminescence defects in both Zn- and C-doped samples. Photocurrent measurements showed the quality of quantum well was improve after annealing in C-doped samples due to activation of carbon doped.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78644480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.3
H. Saleh, I. Hashim
The effect of a magnetic field on buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied numerically using the finite difference method. The inclined sloping boundaries are treated by adopting staircase-like zigzag lines. The sloping walls are maintained isothermally at different temperatures. The top and bottom horizontal straight walls are kept adiabatic. The results indicate that the heat is transferred almost entirely by pure conduction with a sufficiently large magnetic field. Utilitizing the square geometry is more effective to suppress the heat transfer rate than the trapezoidal geometry.
{"title":"Effect of a Transverse Magnetic Field on Buoyancy-Driven Flow and Heat Transfer in a Porous Trapezoidal Enclosure","authors":"H. Saleh, I. Hashim","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of a magnetic field on buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied numerically using the finite difference method. The inclined sloping boundaries are treated by adopting staircase-like zigzag lines. The sloping walls are maintained isothermally at different temperatures. The top and bottom horizontal straight walls are kept adiabatic. The results indicate that the heat is transferred almost entirely by pure conduction with a sufficiently large magnetic field. Utilitizing the square geometry is more effective to suppress the heat transfer rate than the trapezoidal geometry.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74197786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.2
R. Salah, Muzalhim Ibrahim Azawe
We analyze the image of an aggregate of particles based on laser diffraction technique for particle diameter calculations. The recorded image will be transferred to a matrix of pixels, depending on the size of the image, and these pixels will be correlated with each other and with surroundings in order to get the exact features of the image. Processing of the image through many steps in the software will allow finding the diameter. The diameter obtained by this technique will be compared with the diameter found from the image of the optical microscope.
{"title":"A Novel Technique for Particle Sizing by Image Analysis of the Diffraction Pattern","authors":"R. Salah, Muzalhim Ibrahim Azawe","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the image of an aggregate of particles based on laser diffraction technique for particle diameter calculations. The recorded image will be transferred to a matrix of pixels, depending on the size of the image, and these pixels will be correlated with each other and with surroundings in order to get the exact features of the image. Processing of the image through many steps in the software will allow finding the diameter. The diameter obtained by this technique will be compared with the diameter found from the image of the optical microscope.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86502822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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