Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.5
N. Debelo
Thermoluminescence (TL) from silicon nanostructures has received considerable attention in recent years. Despite of some theoretical and experimental investigation, the origin and mechanism of TL is not clearly understood. Most of the bulk materials start showing fascinating behaviors as their size is reduced to nano level. The ability to emit light as a consequence of absorption of energy (luminescence) is one of these exotic behaviors. TL is the thermally stimulated emission of light due to absorption of energy from radiation. So, there is a direct relationship between temperature (due to absorption of heat or radiation) and the TL intensity. Starting from the concept of bulk material, we derive the mathematical expression for the temperature and size dependent TL intensity using model calculation. We specifically calculate the TL intensity as a function of temperature and nanoparticle size.
{"title":"A Model Calculation of Temperature and Size Dependent Thermoluminescence Intensity from Silicon Nanostructures","authors":"N. Debelo","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoluminescence (TL) from silicon nanostructures has received considerable attention in recent years. Despite of some theoretical and experimental investigation, the origin and mechanism of TL is not clearly understood. Most of the bulk materials start showing fascinating behaviors as their size is reduced to nano level. The ability to emit light as a consequence of absorption of energy (luminescence) is one of these exotic behaviors. TL is the thermally stimulated emission of light due to absorption of energy from radiation. So, there is a direct relationship between temperature (due to absorption of heat or radiation) and the TL intensity. Starting from the concept of bulk material, we derive the mathematical expression for the temperature and size dependent TL intensity using model calculation. We specifically calculate the TL intensity as a function of temperature and nanoparticle size.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79270241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.4
N. Rochman
This paper reviews the research of the author’s group regarding mechanical alloying (MA) of Fe-C system based alloy over the last ten years. Powder mixtures of Fe-xC-yM (x and y=0~6 mass %, M: additive element such as Mn, Si, Cr) were mechanically alloyed (MAed) by using a planetary ball mill under Ar gas atmosphere for various time up to 100 h. The MAed powders then were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). First, effect of MA time on powders particles was described. Effects of other MA conditions such as temperature, rotation speed and additive elements were then discussed in detail. In the Fe-C system based alloys, amorphization of graphite powders occur first during the early stage of MA and super-saturated iron solid solution is then formed and at the same time, the crystallite size becomes smaller. The carbon content reaches its limitation (about 1.30 at %). The condition of MA gave an effect to the alloying process.
本文综述了作者课题组近十年来在铁碳系合金机械合金化方面的研究进展。将Fe-xC-yM (x和y=0~6质量%，M: Mn、Si、Cr等添加元素)的混合粉末在氩气气氛下用行星球磨机机械合金化(MAed) 100 h，并用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差热分析(DTA)对其进行表征。首先，描述了MA时间对粉末颗粒的影响。然后详细讨论了温度、转速和添加元素等条件对合成的影响。在Fe-C系合金中，石墨粉在MA初期首先发生非晶化，形成过饱和铁固溶体，同时晶粒尺寸变小。碳含量达到极限(约1.30 at %)。MA条件对合金化过程有一定的影响。
{"title":"Mechanical Alloying of Fe-C System Based Alloy","authors":"N. Rochman","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the research of the author’s group regarding mechanical alloying (MA) of Fe-C system based alloy over the last ten years. Powder mixtures of Fe-xC-yM (x and y=0~6 mass %, M: additive element such as Mn, Si, Cr) were mechanically alloyed (MAed) by using a planetary ball mill under Ar gas atmosphere for various time up to 100 h. The MAed powders then were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). First, effect of MA time on powders particles was described. Effects of other MA conditions such as temperature, rotation speed and additive elements were then discussed in detail. In the Fe-C system based alloys, amorphization of graphite powders occur first during the early stage of MA and super-saturated iron solid solution is then formed and at the same time, the crystallite size becomes smaller. The carbon content reaches its limitation (about 1.30 at %). The condition of MA gave an effect to the alloying process.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77110493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.2
M. Yamaguchi, Mitsugu Hamasaki, M. Obara, K. Obara, Kenji Watanabe
The change of global climate suggests the requirements of new technologies, which can suppress or improve the atmospheric composition. In this paper, we show a revolutionary car technology to decrease CO2. The key is the change of the fuel, from gasoline to hydrogen+H2O. The fuel revolution generates hydrogen economy and induces new scientific targets. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are most expectable tools. Especially, understanding the varieties of characteristics of materials in electronic level is the most important therma. We propose international collaborations on nanoscience education to promote our knowledge and understanding each other.
{"title":"Global innovation program for nanoscience education -How can we use electrons for our future, Hydrogen society-","authors":"M. Yamaguchi, Mitsugu Hamasaki, M. Obara, K. Obara, Kenji Watanabe","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The change of global climate suggests the requirements of new technologies, which can suppress or improve the atmospheric composition. In this paper, we show a revolutionary car technology to decrease CO2. The key is the change of the fuel, from gasoline to hydrogen+H2O. The fuel revolution generates hydrogen economy and induces new scientific targets. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are most expectable tools. Especially, understanding the varieties of characteristics of materials in electronic level is the most important therma. We propose international collaborations on nanoscience education to promote our knowledge and understanding each other.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85129501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.5
I. Irzaman, A. Marwan, A. Arief, R. Hamdani, M. Komaro
Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) and gallium doped BST (BGST) thin films were successfully deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates. The thin films were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition (CSD) and spin coating method, with 1.00 M precursor and spinning speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the 9 films were carried out BST without gallium (BGST 0%) annealing 850OC, BGST 0% annealing 900OC, BGST 0% annealing 950oC, BGST 5% annealing 850oC, BGST 5% annealing 900oC, BGST 5% annealing 950oC, BGST 10% annealing 850oC, BGST 10% annealing 900oC, BGST 10% annealing 950oC for 15 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere, respectively. The resistance and electrical conductivity of the grown thin films are characterized by I-V converter, meanwhile surface roughness of the grown thin films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) method. The electrical conductivity of the grown thin films BGST due to semiconductor. The results show that resistance and electrical conductivity of the thin film have strong correlation to the annealing temperature, concentration dopant and surface roughness.
{"title":"Electrical Conductivity and Surface Roughness Properties of Ferroelectric Gallium Doped Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 (BGST) Thin Films","authors":"I. Irzaman, A. Marwan, A. Arief, R. Hamdani, M. Komaro","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) and gallium doped BST (BGST) thin films were successfully deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates. The thin films were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition (CSD) and spin coating method, with 1.00 M precursor and spinning speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the 9 films were carried out BST without gallium (BGST 0%) annealing 850OC, BGST 0% annealing 900OC, BGST 0% annealing 950oC, BGST 5% annealing 850oC, BGST 5% annealing 900oC, BGST 5% annealing 950oC, BGST 10% annealing 850oC, BGST 10% annealing 900oC, BGST 10% annealing 950oC for 15 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere, respectively. The resistance and electrical conductivity of the grown thin films are characterized by I-V converter, meanwhile surface roughness of the grown thin films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) method. The electrical conductivity of the grown thin films BGST due to semiconductor. The results show that resistance and electrical conductivity of the thin film have strong correlation to the annealing temperature, concentration dopant and surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89384036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.5
A. Waris, R. Kurniadi, Y. S. Perkasa, S. Suwoto
An isotopic fission yield calculation method for fast energy spectrum of neutron has been proposed. This method was derived from a systematic of fission mass yield and a nuclei decay probability. The decay probability was calculated from the level density parameters that derived from a new potential function in combining with the shell correction. The potential function is a modified Wood-Saxon potential that we have called as an extended-Wood-Saxon potential. We have employed the data from RIPL-2 (Reference Input Parameter Library-2) in calculating the level density parameter. The calculation shows similar results compared to the isotopic mass yields of JENDL 3.2 for 233U and 232Th.
{"title":"Isotopic Fission-yield Calculation of U-233, U-238 and Th-232 for Fast Energy Spectrum","authors":"A. Waris, R. Kurniadi, Y. S. Perkasa, S. Suwoto","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"An isotopic fission yield calculation method for fast energy spectrum of neutron has been proposed. This method was derived from a systematic of fission mass yield and a nuclei decay probability. The decay probability was calculated from the level density parameters that derived from a new potential function in combining with the shell correction. The potential function is a modified Wood-Saxon potential that we have called as an extended-Wood-Saxon potential. We have employed the data from RIPL-2 (Reference Input Parameter Library-2) in calculating the level density parameter. The calculation shows similar results compared to the isotopic mass yields of JENDL 3.2 for 233U and 232Th.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88258141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.4
E. Mustopa, W. Srigutomo, D. Sutarno, U. Fauzi
Controlled-source audio frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) survey consisting of 60 soundings has been carried out in the Kamojang geothermal field to delineate resistivity structure correlated to the present geothermal reservoir. The transmitter site was located about 3 − 5 km in the south-west of the survey area. The sounding sites were distributed irregularly and the distance between each of them varied from 200 to 500 m, covering the Kamojang Geothermal area. The two dimensional (2D) inversion scheme was applied to interpret the CSAMT data. The results show that the subsurface resistivity structures in the Kamojang geothermal field consists of three types of resistivity features correlated to the existing geothermal reservoir in the area, that is, the overburden (first layer) having resistivity value of 30 – 150 ohm.m and thickness of 30 to 100 m overlaying the intermediate (second) layer which has an extremely low resistivity of 3 – 10 ohm.m with 500 – 1200 m thick. This low resistivity layer can be considered as a hydrothermal alteration zone comprising the impermeable layer or sealing cap rock. Finally, the third layer which is relatively more resistive than the second layer with resistivity of 30 − 100 ohm-m. From the 3D view of the low resistivity anomaly (<10 ohm.m) considered as a hydrothermal alteration zone, it is obtained that altered zone is deep in the south-west and becomes shallow in the north-east of the area.
{"title":"Resistivtiy Structure in Kamojang Geothermal Field Derived from CSAMT Data","authors":"E. Mustopa, W. Srigutomo, D. Sutarno, U. Fauzi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled-source audio frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) survey consisting of 60 soundings has been carried out in the Kamojang geothermal field to delineate resistivity structure correlated to the present geothermal reservoir. The transmitter site was located about 3 − 5 km in the south-west of the survey area. The sounding sites were distributed irregularly and the distance between each of them varied from 200 to 500 m, covering the Kamojang Geothermal area. The two dimensional (2D) inversion scheme was applied to interpret the CSAMT data. The results show that the subsurface resistivity structures in the Kamojang geothermal field consists of three types of resistivity features correlated to the existing geothermal reservoir in the area, that is, the overburden (first layer) having resistivity value of 30 – 150 ohm.m and thickness of 30 to 100 m overlaying the intermediate (second) layer which has an extremely low resistivity of 3 – 10 ohm.m with 500 – 1200 m thick. This low resistivity layer can be considered as a hydrothermal alteration zone comprising the impermeable layer or sealing cap rock. Finally, the third layer which is relatively more resistive than the second layer with resistivity of 30 − 100 ohm-m. From the 3D view of the low resistivity anomaly (<10 ohm.m) considered as a hydrothermal alteration zone, it is obtained that altered zone is deep in the south-west and becomes shallow in the north-east of the area.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88467175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.6
I. Sutjahja
We report in this paper the change in the physical properties due to dopant effect in Bi2Sr2Co2O8 parent compound system. The doped samples consists of Pb-doped samples (Bi2Sr2Co2O8, x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) and RE-doped samples (Bi2-xPbxCa1.9RE0.1Co2O8, RE = Y, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Ho). The structure of this layered oxide system consist of an alternate stack of CoO2 layer and Bi2Sr2O4 block along the c-axis with misfit structure along b-direction. From the analysis of XRD data it is found that the c-axis parameter reduced significantly in the RE-doped samples compared with those of Pb-doped samples, while the value of misfit degree almost the same. The changes in these lattice structures are accompanied by variation in the spin-state of Co-ions and electrical conductivity. We argue that these structural changes and its effect on the electrical transport properties as well as control of the magnetism plays a pivotal role in determining the thermopower in this class of magnetic thermoelectric materials through the entropy of the charge carriers. This, in turn, will determine the thermoelectric performance for application.
本文报道了掺杂对Bi2Sr2Co2O8母化合物体系物理性能的影响。掺杂样品由pb掺杂样品(Bi2Sr2Co2O8, x = 0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0)和RE掺杂样品(Bi2-xPbxCa1.9RE0.1Co2O8, RE = Y、La、Pr、Sm、Eu、Gd和Ho)组成。该层状氧化体系的结构由CoO2层和Bi2Sr2O4块沿c轴的交替堆叠和沿b方向的失配结构组成。通过对XRD数据的分析发现，re掺杂样品的c轴参数与pb掺杂样品的c轴参数明显减小，而失配度的值几乎相同。这些晶格结构的变化伴随着co -离子自旋态和电导率的变化。我们认为，这些结构变化及其对电输运性质的影响以及对磁性的控制在通过载流子的熵决定这类磁性热电材料的热功率方面起着关键作用。反过来，这将决定应用的热电性能。
{"title":"The Change in Physical Properties of Bi2Ca2Co2O8 Thermoelectric Materials Induced by Pb and Rare-Earth Dopings","authors":"I. Sutjahja","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"We report in this paper the change in the physical properties due to dopant effect in Bi2Sr2Co2O8 parent compound system. The doped samples consists of Pb-doped samples (Bi2Sr2Co2O8, x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) and RE-doped samples (Bi2-xPbxCa1.9RE0.1Co2O8, RE = Y, La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Ho). The structure of this layered oxide system consist of an alternate stack of CoO2 layer and Bi2Sr2O4 block along the c-axis with misfit structure along b-direction. From the analysis of XRD data it is found that the c-axis parameter reduced significantly in the RE-doped samples compared with those of Pb-doped samples, while the value of misfit degree almost the same. The changes in these lattice structures are accompanied by variation in the spin-state of Co-ions and electrical conductivity. We argue that these structural changes and its effect on the electrical transport properties as well as control of the magnetism plays a pivotal role in determining the thermopower in this class of magnetic thermoelectric materials through the entropy of the charge carriers. This, in turn, will determine the thermoelectric performance for application.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78045926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.4
A. Waris, R. Kurniadi, Y. S. Perkasa, S. Suwoto
The energy dependence of level density parameter has been calculated using extended wood-saxon potential. The extended version of potential has deep well parameter that is independent to the nucleon density. The potential is pure central interaction. Although the potential is different from mean field theory, it gives the better result than that of the reference input parameter library-2 (RIPL-2). The application of the level density parameter results in small discrepancies from ENDF results. This method has been adopted in example for calculating fission products of Pu-238.
{"title":"Determination of Energy Dependence Level Density Parameter and its Application in Fission Products Calculation of Pu-238","authors":"A. Waris, R. Kurniadi, Y. S. Perkasa, S. Suwoto","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The energy dependence of level density parameter has been calculated using extended wood-saxon potential. The extended version of potential has deep well parameter that is independent to the nucleon density. The potential is pure central interaction. Although the potential is different from mean field theory, it gives the better result than that of the reference input parameter library-2 (RIPL-2). The application of the level density parameter results in small discrepancies from ENDF results. This method has been adopted in example for calculating fission products of Pu-238.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77115016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.5
K. Khairurrijal, M. Abdullah, M. Rosi, F. A. Noor
A simple spray pyrolysis method has successfully used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Their structural characteristics were characterized by employing field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. FE-SEM images confirmed that the diameters of CNTs were in the range of 20 to 80 nm. The average diameter of CNTs increased considerably as the growth temperature increased (above 700 oC). The changes in growth time and ferrocene mass altered the average diameter of CNTs slightly. EDX analysis and XRD patterns indicated that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, which originate from the oxidation of ferrocene catalyst, are the main impurities of the CNTs. The concentrations of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 became lower and higher, respectively, for the growth temperatures higher than 700°C because Fe2O3 is the most stable at high temperatures.
{"title":"Structural Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated Using Simple Spray Pyrolysis Method","authors":"K. Khairurrijal, M. Abdullah, M. Rosi, F. A. Noor","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"A simple spray pyrolysis method has successfully used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Their structural characteristics were characterized by employing field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. FE-SEM images confirmed that the diameters of CNTs were in the range of 20 to 80 nm. The average diameter of CNTs increased considerably as the growth temperature increased (above 700 oC). The changes in growth time and ferrocene mass altered the average diameter of CNTs slightly. EDX analysis and XRD patterns indicated that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, which originate from the oxidation of ferrocene catalyst, are the main impurities of the CNTs. The concentrations of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 became lower and higher, respectively, for the growth temperatures higher than 700°C because Fe2O3 is the most stable at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84928519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.11561/AESJ.2008S.0.177.0
A. Khakim, T. Yokoyama, H. Ninokata
Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) usually has positive void reactivity which is not favorable to the reactor safety. Therefore, the void generation should be avoided during normal reactor operation. Design of reactor core should consider the parameters that influence the void reactivity in order to minimize it, should void be generated during an accident. In this study, several parameters have been evaluated to observe their contribution to the overall void reactivity, such as the build-up of minor actinides (MAs), different inner and outer core height, heterogeneous core configuration, upper plenum, upper axial blanket, voiding in the inner and outer core and the effect of P/D. The study is performed in 3-D heterogeneous geometry using Monte Carlo Method of MVP Code with JENDL-3.3
{"title":"Study on Void Reactivity of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor","authors":"A. Khakim, T. Yokoyama, H. Ninokata","doi":"10.11561/AESJ.2008S.0.177.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11561/AESJ.2008S.0.177.0","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) usually has positive void reactivity which is not favorable to the reactor safety. Therefore, the void generation should be avoided during normal reactor operation. Design of reactor core should consider the parameters that influence the void reactivity in order to minimize it, should void be generated during an accident. In this study, several parameters have been evaluated to observe their contribution to the overall void reactivity, such as the build-up of minor actinides (MAs), different inner and outer core height, heterogeneous core configuration, upper plenum, upper axial blanket, voiding in the inner and outer core and the effect of P/D. The study is performed in 3-D heterogeneous geometry using Monte Carlo Method of MVP Code with JENDL-3.3","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82966274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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