Pub Date : 2016-12-28DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.3
E. Susanto, Ig. Prasetya Dwi Wibawa, Junartho Halomoan
This paper will discuss about our study in filter design on discrete-time neutral system using guaranteed cost method. This design filter method yields a robust filter and the derivation of its equation can be obtained by using LMI (linear matrix inequalities).
{"title":"Filter Design on Discrete-Time Neutral System Using Guaranteed Cost Method","authors":"E. Susanto, Ig. Prasetya Dwi Wibawa, Junartho Halomoan","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper will discuss about our study in filter design on discrete-time neutral system using guaranteed cost method. This design filter method yields a robust filter and the derivation of its equation can be obtained by using LMI (linear matrix inequalities). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89873207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-28DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.1
M. Souisa, L. Hendrajaya, G. Handayani
Ambon Island is a volcanic island arc and included in the territory of the archipelago of small islands are associated with subduction zones that have a high degree of vulnerability to natural disasters, such as erosion and landslides on a particular slope conditions. This study aims to determine the dynamics of avalanches below the surface in the area of the landslide and determine the position of the gelincirnya. The study area in the mountains of Ulak Hatu Negeri Lima Ambon. Research using geoelectric of resistivity with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Geoelectric interpretation results correlated with the drill data to obtain landslide field located at a depth of approximately 5 m - 30 m and lithology dominated by low resistivity values with the structure of a layer of clay mixed with layers of weathered rock and clay layer with water saturated. Both of these layers contact each other and form the slope of the ground, causing the potential for critical slip thereon and allows the subsequent landslides. Critical location landslide direction of the obliquity of the avalanche that is, toward the cliff and the geometry of the type of debris avalanches of rocks and debris flow. Estimation of landslides occur in addition to the local geological conditions, but strongly influenced by rainfall reached 335.0 mm, earthquakes and coupled with a slope of 119.0%.
安汶岛是一个火山岛弧和包括在群岛领土上的小岛屿，是与俯冲带相关的，具有高度脆弱性的自然灾害，如侵蚀和山体滑坡对特定的斜坡条件。本研究旨在确定滑坡区域地表以下的雪崩动力学，并确定gelincirnya的位置。研究区域位于Ulak Hatu Negeri Lima Ambon山区。温纳-斯伦贝谢配置电阻率地电法研究。地电解释结果与钻探资料相结合，得到滑坡场深度约为5 m ~ 30 m，岩性以低电阻率值为主，为粘土层与风化岩层混合结构，粘土层含水饱和。这两层相互接触，形成地面的斜坡，造成潜在的临界滑动，并允许随后的滑坡。滑坡的关键位置是雪崩方向的倾斜度，即朝向悬崖和岩屑的几何形状以及雪崩的岩石和泥石流的类型。估计滑坡的发生除受当地地质条件影响外，但受降雨量达335.0 mm、地震和坡度119.0%的强烈影响。
{"title":"Landslide Dynamics and Determination Critical Condition Using of Resistivity Method in Desa Negeri Lima Ambon","authors":"M. Souisa, L. Hendrajaya, G. Handayani","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ambon Island is a volcanic island arc and included in the territory of the archipelago of small islands are associated with subduction zones that have a high degree of vulnerability to natural disasters, such as erosion and landslides on a particular slope conditions. This study aims to determine the dynamics of avalanches below the surface in the area of the landslide and determine the position of the gelincirnya. The study area in the mountains of Ulak Hatu Negeri Lima Ambon. Research using geoelectric of resistivity with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Geoelectric interpretation results correlated with the drill data to obtain landslide field located at a depth of approximately 5 m - 30 m and lithology dominated by low resistivity values with the structure of a layer of clay mixed with layers of weathered rock and clay layer with water saturated. Both of these layers contact each other and form the slope of the ground, causing the potential for critical slip thereon and allows the subsequent landslides. Critical location landslide direction of the obliquity of the avalanche that is, toward the cliff and the geometry of the type of debris avalanches of rocks and debris flow. Estimation of landslides occur in addition to the local geological conditions, but strongly influenced by rainfall reached 335.0 mm, earthquakes and coupled with a slope of 119.0%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84285412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-28DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.5
Hairil Anwar, W. Srigutomo
Ideal fluid is a fluid which is uncompressed and has no viscosity. A steady stream of ideal fluid in a porous medium can be modeled using finite element method. The finite element method is a numerical method that can be used to solve boundary-value problem governed by a differential equation and a set of boundary conditions. In this modeling, the linear system of equations derived using Galerkin approach for linear triangular elements. Irregular geometry and variation in permeability distribution models are used. The solution obtained in form of fluid head and fluid flow velocity distribution in the modeling domain.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Steady Flow Modeling of Ideal Fluid in Porous Medium Using Finite Element Method","authors":"Hairil Anwar, W. Srigutomo","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Ideal fluid is a fluid which is uncompressed and has no viscosity. A steady stream of ideal fluid in a porous medium can be modeled using finite element method. The finite element method is a numerical method that can be used to solve boundary-value problem governed by a differential equation and a set of boundary conditions. In this modeling, the linear system of equations derived using Galerkin approach for linear triangular elements. Irregular geometry and variation in permeability distribution models are used. The solution obtained in form of fluid head and fluid flow velocity distribution in the modeling domain. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81680710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-28DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.4
F. Muhammad, E. Basuki, M. Juliansyah
In the present study, the interdiffusion behavior between coating layer and substrate of aluminide coated Ti- 47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.5Zr-0.5Y intermetallic alloy were investigated at 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C under argon atmosphere (closed system). The pack cementation, consists of 20%-wt. Al, 2%-wt. NH4Cl, and 78%-wt. Al2O3, was carried out at 900°C for 10 hours. The phases in the coatings, interdiffusion layer, and substrate were examined using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the chemical composition were examined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) attached on the SEM. The interdiffusion coefficients were calculated according to Boltzmann-Matano method using the data obtained from EDS analyses. The calculated interdiffusion coefficients are 7.091 x 10-14, 1.650 x 10-12, and 5.261 x 10-12 cm2/s respectively for 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C. The analytical and numerical method to predict the concentration profiles between coating layer, interdiffusion layer, and substrate. A reasonable agreement has been achieved between the experimental results and the simulated concentration profiles at every temperatures.
{"title":"The Interdiffusion Modeling of Aluminide Coated Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.5Zr-0.5Y Intermetallic Alloy","authors":"F. Muhammad, E. Basuki, M. Juliansyah","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In the present study, the interdiffusion behavior between coating layer and substrate of aluminide coated Ti- 47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.5Zr-0.5Y intermetallic alloy were investigated at 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C under argon atmosphere (closed system). The pack cementation, consists of 20%-wt. Al, 2%-wt. NH4Cl, and 78%-wt. Al2O3, was carried out at 900°C for 10 hours. The phases in the coatings, interdiffusion layer, and substrate were examined using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the chemical composition were examined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) attached on the SEM. The interdiffusion coefficients were calculated according to Boltzmann-Matano method using the data obtained from EDS analyses. The calculated interdiffusion coefficients are 7.091 x 10-14, 1.650 x 10-12, and 5.261 x 10-12 cm2/s respectively for 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C. The analytical and numerical method to predict the concentration profiles between coating layer, interdiffusion layer, and substrate. A reasonable agreement has been achieved between the experimental results and the simulated concentration profiles at every temperatures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75257608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-28DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.2
H. S. Dyatmika, W. N. Achmadin, P. Murti, I. Setiawan, A. Utomo
In order to develop and increase the performance of a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, a research has been conducted. In this research a PVC cylindrical pipe (diameter of 5.5 cm and length of 80 cm) as a tube resonator, a loudspeaker as a sound source, some stainless steel mesh as a stack and a hot heat exchanger were arranged to be a thermoacoustic refrigerator system. The results show the influence of cooling power by utilizing some stainless steel mesh stack, the power of the utilized sound, and a hot heat exchanger on the performance of the thermoacoustic system. We expected to construct a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, which has an optimally performance, by using some stainless stell mesh as stack and a hot heat exchanger.
{"title":"Development of the Thermoacoustic Refrigerator System Using a Stack made of some Stainless Steel Mesh and a Hot Heat Exchanger","authors":"H. S. Dyatmika, W. N. Achmadin, P. Murti, I. Setiawan, A. Utomo","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2015.26.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In order to develop and increase the performance of a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, a research has been conducted. In this research a PVC cylindrical pipe (diameter of 5.5 cm and length of 80 cm) as a tube resonator, a loudspeaker as a sound source, some stainless steel mesh as a stack and a hot heat exchanger were arranged to be a thermoacoustic refrigerator system. The results show the influence of cooling power by utilizing some stainless steel mesh stack, the power of the utilized sound, and a hot heat exchanger on the performance of the thermoacoustic system. We expected to construct a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, which has an optimally performance, by using some stainless stell mesh as stack and a hot heat exchanger. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87345973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.3
S. Hidayati, A. Ratdomopurbo, K. Ishihara, M. Iguchi
Merapi (2968 m), located in central Java, is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. The volcano has repeated episodes of dome growth and collapse, producing pyroclastic flows during historical time. Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes have been classified into deep (VTA) and shallow one (VTB). Since August 2000, number of VT events (M=1.0-1.6) had increased, and pyroclastic flows have successively occurred from the middle of January, 2001. The focal zone vertically extends to about 4 km deep beneath the summit. VTA events are located at the depth 2.2-4.1 km and the VTB ones at the depth shallower than 1.3 km. An aseismic zone is observed around 1.3-2.2 km deep between the hypocenter zones of the two types of VT earthquakes, interpreted as shallow magma storage. Focal mechanism of VT events was estimated by using both polarity and amplitude of P-wave first motions at 4 seismic stations, assuming double couple mechanism and homogenous medium. Determined focal mechanisms for VTA events are of normal-fault types. VTA events might originate by increase in horizontal tension when magma rose up from deeper portion. Orientation of their T-axes is nearly horizontal in NEE-SWW direction which might be affected by the E-W regional tectonic stress. As for the VTB, normal fault types dominate the deep VTB zone, while at the shallow part, both reverse fault and normal fault types are originated. The pressure increases at shallow magma storage may cause generation of deep VTB events of normal fault types. As VTB events frequently originated, corresponding to increase of multiphase (MP) events which are related to growth of lava dome, shallow VTB events of reverse fault type might be generated by horizontal compression related to pressure decrease in magma conduit due to extrusion of lava and gases, and occasionally by pressure increase at the shallow part due to accumulation of magma or volcanic gases.
默拉皮火山(海拔2968米)位于爪哇中部，是印度尼西亚最活跃和最危险的火山之一。在历史上，这座火山经历了多次穹隆生长和崩塌的过程，产生了火山碎屑流。火山构造地震分为深地震和浅地震。2000年8月以来，VT事件(M=1.0 ~ 1.6)次数增加，从2001年1月中旬开始陆续发生火山碎屑流。震源区垂直延伸至峰顶下方约4公里处。VTA事件分布在深度2.2 ~ 4.1 km, VTB事件分布在深度小于1.3 km。在两种类型的VT地震震源带之间约1.3-2.2公里处观察到地震带，这被解释为浅层岩浆储存。利用4个地震台站纵波第一波的极性和振幅，假设双偶机制和均质介质，估计了VT事件的震源机制。VTA事件的确定震源机制为正断层类型。VTA事件可能起源于岩浆从深部上升时水平张力的增加。它们的t轴方向在东北东—西南西方向上接近水平，可能受东西向区域构造应力的影响。VTB带深部以正断层类型为主，浅部逆断层和正断层类型同时形成。浅层岩浆库压力升高可能导致深部正断层型VTB事件的发生。由于VTB事件发生频繁，与熔岩穹丘生长相关的多相(MP)事件增多相对应，反断层型浅层VTB事件可能是由于岩浆和气体的挤压导致岩浆管道压力降低导致的水平压缩而产生的，偶尔也可能是由于岩浆或火山气体的聚集导致浅层压力增加而产生的。
{"title":"Focal Mechanism of Volcano-tectonic Earthquakes at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia","authors":"S. Hidayati, A. Ratdomopurbo, K. Ishihara, M. Iguchi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Merapi (2968 m), located in central Java, is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. The volcano has repeated episodes of dome growth and collapse, producing pyroclastic flows during historical time. Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes have been classified into deep (VTA) and shallow one (VTB). Since August 2000, number of VT events (M=1.0-1.6) had increased, and pyroclastic flows have successively occurred from the middle of January, 2001. The focal zone vertically extends to about 4 km deep beneath the summit. VTA events are located at the depth 2.2-4.1 km and the VTB ones at the depth shallower than 1.3 km. An aseismic zone is observed around 1.3-2.2 km deep between the hypocenter zones of the two types of VT earthquakes, interpreted as shallow magma storage. Focal mechanism of VT events was estimated by using both polarity and amplitude of P-wave first motions at 4 seismic stations, assuming double couple mechanism and homogenous medium. Determined focal mechanisms for VTA events are of normal-fault types. VTA events might originate by increase in horizontal tension when magma rose up from deeper portion. Orientation of their T-axes is nearly horizontal in NEE-SWW direction which might be affected by the E-W regional tectonic stress. As for the VTB, normal fault types dominate the deep VTB zone, while at the shallow part, both reverse fault and normal fault types are originated. The pressure increases at shallow magma storage may cause generation of deep VTB events of normal fault types. As VTB events frequently originated, corresponding to increase of multiphase (MP) events which are related to growth of lava dome, shallow VTB events of reverse fault type might be generated by horizontal compression related to pressure decrease in magma conduit due to extrusion of lava and gases, and occasionally by pressure increase at the shallow part due to accumulation of magma or volcanic gases.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81335201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.3.2
Y. S. Perkasa, R. Kurniadi, A. Waris
Nuclear data evaluation for fission cross section and fission yield had been performed by many investigators using different models of approximation theoretically. These models are encapsulated and implemented into computer codes to perform more robust nuclear reaction data calculations. TALYS is one of most successful nuclear reaction codes that used to determine fission cross section and fission yield. In this paper, TALYS code was used to calculate some fission reaction including Am-241 (n,f), Th-232 (n,f), and U-235 (n,f). These calculations are performed using different set of reaction mechanism and optical model parameter adjustment, such as fission barrier parameter, level density parameter, transmission mechanism, and so on. Reaction mechanism and parameter adjustment are selected based on reaction characteristics to obtain more accurate and reasonable result. The accuracy of calculation result are heavily depend on the reaction mechanism selection and parameter adjustment. All obtained results have been compared with ENDF nuclear data library.
{"title":"Application of TALYS code for Calculation of Fission Cross Section and Fission Yield of Several Heavy Nuclides","authors":"Y. S. Perkasa, R. Kurniadi, A. Waris","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear data evaluation for fission cross section and fission yield had been performed by many investigators using different models of approximation theoretically. These models are encapsulated and implemented into computer codes to perform more robust nuclear reaction data calculations. TALYS is one of most successful nuclear reaction codes that used to determine fission cross section and fission yield. In this paper, TALYS code was used to calculate some fission reaction including Am-241 (n,f), Th-232 (n,f), and U-235 (n,f). These calculations are performed using different set of reaction mechanism and optical model parameter adjustment, such as fission barrier parameter, level density parameter, transmission mechanism, and so on. Reaction mechanism and parameter adjustment are selected based on reaction characteristics to obtain more accurate and reasonable result. The accuracy of calculation result are heavily depend on the reaction mechanism selection and parameter adjustment. All obtained results have been compared with ENDF nuclear data library.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89549187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.2
K. Khairurrijal, F. A. Noor, M. Abdullah, S. Sukirno
Analytical expressions of electron transmittance and tunneling current in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor with a high dielectric constant (high-K) oxide stack of HfO2 and SiO2 and a negative bias applied to the metal gate were derived. Exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches were employed in deriving analytically the electron transmittance and tunneling current. A numerical approach based on a transfer matrix method was used as a standard to evaluate the analytical approaches. It was found that the transmittances obtained under the exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are matching for low electron energies, while for higher energies only the transmittances calculated by employing the Airy- wavefunction approach is the same as those computed by using the TMM. It was also found that the tunneling currents calculated by using the exponential- and the Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are equal for low oxide voltages (lower than 0.5 V), while for higher oxide voltages only the tunneling currents computed under the Airy-wavefunction approach fit those obtained under the TMM. Therefore, the Airy-wavefunction approach provides a better analytical model to tunneling processes in the MOS capacitor.
{"title":"Simulation of Electron Transmittance and Tunneling Current in a Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor Capacitor with a High-K Dielectric Stack of HfO2 and SiO2 Using Exponential- and Airy-Wavefunction Approaches and a Transfer Matrix Method","authors":"K. Khairurrijal, F. A. Noor, M. Abdullah, S. Sukirno","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical expressions of electron transmittance and tunneling current in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor with a high dielectric constant (high-K) oxide stack of HfO2 and SiO2 and a negative bias applied to the metal gate were derived. Exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches were employed in deriving analytically the electron transmittance and tunneling current. A numerical approach based on a transfer matrix method was used as a standard to evaluate the analytical approaches. It was found that the transmittances obtained under the exponential- and Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are matching for low electron energies, while for higher energies only the transmittances calculated by employing the Airy- wavefunction approach is the same as those computed by using the TMM. It was also found that the tunneling currents calculated by using the exponential- and the Airy-wavefunction approaches and the TMM are equal for low oxide voltages (lower than 0.5 V), while for higher oxide voltages only the tunneling currents computed under the Airy-wavefunction approach fit those obtained under the TMM. Therefore, the Airy-wavefunction approach provides a better analytical model to tunneling processes in the MOS capacitor.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89646047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.4
H. Hendro, M. Djamal, W. Wirawan, R. Hidayat
An absorption measurement working in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) mode has been design for characterization of concentrate dye solution. The system consists of a visible light system as polychromatic wave source, an ATR plate made up from glass or polymer, a spectrometer with a CCD detector. The system is connected to a computer for measurement and data processing. Some commercial inks measured by this ATR system showed absorption spectra which are in agreement with the color of the inks. The absorption parameter will be determined from the incident and reflection beam intensities measured at incident angle larger than the critical angle. We have also carried out Poynting vector analysis and we will show that the energy flow in the normal direction of the interface is not zero. The energy flow, however, decreases along the normal direction of the interface, indicating energy loss due to light absorption in the sample medium. The amount of energy loss depends on the attenuation index or absorption parameters, which is important for formulating the relation between the measured intensities and absorption parameters.
{"title":"Development of Visible Light Absorption Measurement for Concentrated Dye Solution based on Attenuated Total Reflection Technique and Improvement on its Analysis Method","authors":"H. Hendro, M. Djamal, W. Wirawan, R. Hidayat","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"An absorption measurement working in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) mode has been design for characterization of concentrate dye solution. The system consists of a visible light system as polychromatic wave source, an ATR plate made up from glass or polymer, a spectrometer with a CCD detector. The system is connected to a computer for measurement and data processing. Some commercial inks measured by this ATR system showed absorption spectra which are in agreement with the color of the inks. The absorption parameter will be determined from the incident and reflection beam intensities measured at incident angle larger than the critical angle. We have also carried out Poynting vector analysis and we will show that the energy flow in the normal direction of the interface is not zero. The energy flow, however, decreases along the normal direction of the interface, indicating energy loss due to light absorption in the sample medium. The amount of energy loss depends on the attenuation index or absorption parameters, which is important for formulating the relation between the measured intensities and absorption parameters.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.1
Y. Kato, Y. Muto, T. Ishizuka, N. Nikitin, M. Utamura
An advanced energy system has been proposed that involves a supercritical carbon dioxide gas turbine fast reactor (S-CO2 FR) as a dispersed energy source, a new waste-heat recovery system from the FR, and a bioconversion system using the recovered waste heat. The FR with S-CO2 gas turbine achieves higher cycle efficiency than conventional sodium-cooled FRs with steam turbines, eliminating problems of conventional FRs related to safety, plant maintenance, and construction costs. The S-CO2 FR consumes minor actinide elements produced in light water reactors as fuel, thereby reducing long-lived radioactive wastes and environmental loads imparted by long-term geological disposal. The recovered waste heat is used for methane and methanol production through fermentation of human and animal wastes in cities and farms. The methane and methanol are easily transported and can accommodate demand changes; they are useful as fuel of fuel cells, automobiles, and gas turbine power plants. The total energy utilization efficiency in electricity and heat is estimated to be higher than 85%, contributing to saving of energy resources and reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions. Consumption of the waste products of cities and farms for production of methane and methanol fosters a recycling society. Compact and high-performance microchannel heat exchangers are used in the S-CO2 FR, the new waste-heat recovery system and the fermentation system.
{"title":"An Advanced Energy System Using a Small Fast Reactor as an Energy Source","authors":"Y. Kato, Y. Muto, T. Ishizuka, N. Nikitin, M. Utamura","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced energy system has been proposed that involves a supercritical carbon dioxide gas turbine fast reactor (S-CO2 FR) as a dispersed energy source, a new waste-heat recovery system from the FR, and a bioconversion system using the recovered waste heat. The FR with S-CO2 gas turbine achieves higher cycle efficiency than conventional sodium-cooled FRs with steam turbines, eliminating problems of conventional FRs related to safety, plant maintenance, and construction costs. The S-CO2 FR consumes minor actinide elements produced in light water reactors as fuel, thereby reducing long-lived radioactive wastes and environmental loads imparted by long-term geological disposal. The recovered waste heat is used for methane and methanol production through fermentation of human and animal wastes in cities and farms. The methane and methanol are easily transported and can accommodate demand changes; they are useful as fuel of fuel cells, automobiles, and gas turbine power plants. The total energy utilization efficiency in electricity and heat is estimated to be higher than 85%, contributing to saving of energy resources and reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions. Consumption of the waste products of cities and farms for production of methane and methanol fosters a recycling society. Compact and high-performance microchannel heat exchangers are used in the S-CO2 FR, the new waste-heat recovery system and the fermentation system.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73415328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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